考研考博-英语-三门峡职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三门峡职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thereceptionwasattendedbyvariousprominentmembersoftheidealcommunityandrepresentativesofregionalindustries.

问题1选项

A.congested

B.projecting

C.conspicuous

D.outstanding

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词prominent意为“突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的”；A选项“congested”意为“堵塞的，拥挤的”；B选项“projecting”意为“突出来的；伸出的”；C选项“conspicuous”意为“显著的；显而易见的”；D选项“outstanding”意为“杰出的；显著的；未解决的；未偿付的”。句意：出席招待会的有理想社区的杰出人士和区域行业代表。由题干可知，and是并列连词，and前后意思相近。所以可推测出prominentmembers与representatives（代表）意思相近。由此可知，prominent在此处最可能是“杰出的，卓越的”的意思，四个选项中outstanding具有“杰出的”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

纵观国际国内大势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。我们要准确判断重要战略机遇期内涵和条件的变化，全面把握机遇，沉着应对挑战，赢得主动，赢得优势，赢得未来，确保到2020年实现全面建设成小康社会的宏伟目标。

【答案】AnexaminationofboththecurrentinternationalanddomesticenvironmentsshowsthatChinaremainsinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesforitsdevelopment,aperiodinwhichmuchcanbeachieved.Weneedtohaveacorrectunderstandingofthechangingnatureandconditionsofthisperiod,seizeallopportunities,respondwithcool-headednesstochallenges,andgaininitiativeandadvantagestowinthefutureandattainthegoalofcompletingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2020.

3.单选题

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

41.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

42.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof___.

43.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare___.

44.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably___.

45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

问题5选项

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（我们的英雄是运动员、艺人和企业家，而不是学者。甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是为了知识而追求知识）可知父母会希望孩子们在学校接受实用教育，选C选项“未来职业的实践能力”，同时可知D选项“对知识追求的信心”错误；A选项“独立思考的习惯”，B选项“对世界的深刻了解”未提及。因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到原文第四段“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.（历史学家兼教授理查德•霍夫施塔特在《美国生活中的反智主义》一书中写道：“知识分子被视为一种权力或特权而遭人憎恨。”这本曾获普利策奖的书探讨了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源）可推测出历史上美国人有反智主义，选A选项“低估智力”，同时可知B选项“倾向于理智主义”错误；C选项“支持学校改革”未提及；D选项“抑制天生的智力”属于过度推测。因此A选项正确。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段RichardHofstadter的观点，Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为是比你从书本中学到的任何东西都更高贵的品质）可以推测反智主义的教育体现为“读书无用论”；根据第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（教育作家DianeRavitch说：“学校一直处于一个实践比知识更重要的社会中。”）Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（Ravitch的新书《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》追溯了学校中反智主义的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有对美国人厌恶才学进行抵制）可以推测出Ravitch并不属于反智主义，她不认为读书无用，而是觉得“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”（学校可以成为一种平衡）；根据第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义。由此可知他俩的观点相反；A选项“相同”；B选项“相似”；C选项“互补”；D选项“相反”，其余三项和原文表达的观点不符，因此D选项正确。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义，选B选项“理性主义的反对者”，同时可知C选项“一个支持智力的学者”错误；A选项“教育改革的先驱”和D选项“常规学校教育的倡导者”和原文无关。因此B选项正确。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第三句Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方——而不是为了知识而追求知识）可以推断出作者认为学校只是送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是去为了知识而追求它的地方，侧面表达了作者认为知识是应该需要去追求的，结合倒数第二段Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.（根据霍夫施塔特的说法，才学不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一种我们勉强欣赏的品质。才学是头脑中批判、创造和沉思的一面。智力寻求掌握、操纵、重新安排和调整，而才学则检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象。）可知作者认为智力是天生的，但是才学是可以通过检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象这一系列所追求到，并没有提到才学仅次于智力，选C选项“它需要被追求”，同时可知A选项“它仅次于智力”错误；B选项“它从常识演变而来”和D选项“它是力量的基础”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Theyarealsocontactingthemilitarytoaidinthe______ofthecallingcardsandcellphones.

问题1选项

A.attribution

B.distribution

C.contribution

D.tuition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项attribution“归因，属性”，B项distribution“分布，分配”，C项contribution“贡献”，D项tuition“学费，讲授”。根据句子意思“他们还联系了军方，帮助……电话卡和手机”可知，A、D选项不符合语境；inthedistributionof表示“在……方面分配/分发”符合句子语义。句意：他们还与军方联系，帮助分发电话卡和手机。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

问题2选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题3选项

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题4选项

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章开头介绍了“复兴”一词的来源及兴起。第二段写文艺复兴影响人们音乐思考和音乐创作的方式。第三段写这一时期的音乐风格多变，很难定义为单一的音乐类型。C项对文意的概括比较全面，所以C项正确。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（对于这些学者而言，文艺复兴意味着对人类价值而非精神方面的回归）。C项“重视人类价值观的主张”符合原文意思。

3.B项“仅仅描述人生经历中快乐的部分”不是艺术家和作家的目的，故选B。

4.“disseminated”出现在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（这些观点的改变深深地影响了文艺复兴时期的音乐文化——人们思考音乐的方式以及音乐的创作、体验、争议和）。所以，C项spread“传播”正确。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世纪半叶，音乐变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化，但我们无法定义一种文艺复兴风格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D项“音乐无法长时间的保持一种形式”正确。

6.单选题

Governmentsallaroundtheworldhaveincreasedtheirfocus（1）meansoffightingterrorismandwaysofpreventingnaturaldisasters,anditisinthiscontext（2）“theInternationalEmergencyManagementConference”hasavitalroleto（3）.Asaninternationalconferencewiththepurposeofbringingtogetheranumberof（4）groups,whoareallinvolvedinemergencymanagement,（5）isessentialtoexchangeinformationifwewanttoimproveourabilityandunderstandingofthisimportantwork.Eventhoughsomecountriesaresmalland（6）isolated,theyare（7）exemptfromterrorismornaturaldisasters.Muchhasbeenachieved,butthereisalwaysmorethatremainsto（8）andaconferencelikethis,（9）knowledgeandinformationisshared,（10）centralinthepursuitforabetterunderstandingofthiswholearea.

问题1选项

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.to

问题2选项

A.that

B.why

C.where

D.when

问题3选项

A.give

B.act

C.make

D.play

问题4选项

A.interest

B.interested

C.interests

D.interesting

问题5选项

A.it

B.which

C.that

D.this

问题6选项

A.geophysically

B.geotropically

C.geometrically

D.geographically

问题7选项

A.anyway

B.bytheway

C.innoway

D.intheway

问题8选项

A.doing

B.bedone

C.bedoing

D.havedone

问题9选项

A.which

B.whom

C.where

D.what20.

问题10选项

A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查习惯搭配。Focuson“专注于”。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。

2.【试题解析】考查语法。由空格所在这句话的结构是完整的判断出此处考查强调句：itis...that...。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】考查固定短语。playavitalrole“起重要作用”。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

4.【试题解析】考查语法。空格处作定语修饰groups，结合语境，B为正确答案。interested“感兴趣的；有利害关系的”。

5.【试题解析】考查语法。分析句子结构，本句话真正的主语为toexchangeinformation，空格处作形式主语，故选A。

6.【试题解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项geophysically“地球物理学地”；B选项geotropically“屈地性地”；C选项geometrically“几何学上地”；D选项geographically“在地理上；地理学上”。根据句意，D选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项anyway“以任何方式”；B选项bytheway“顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中”；C选项innoway“决不”；D选项intheway“妨碍；挡道”。根据句意，C选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查语法。综合考虑，空格处和to构成动词不定式表将来，本句为系表结构，主语和表语为被动关系，因此B为正确答案。本句句意为：……但是总是有更多问题有待处理。

9.【试题解析】考查语法。结合句子结构，此处为非限定性定语从句，需要一个关键词引导，作为状语修饰关键词conference，因此C为正确答案。

10.【试题解析】考查主谓一致。主语aconference为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故B为正确答案。

7.单选题

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管体育运动在Joe的家庭中占主导地位，但是当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时，他会放弃体育运动。

考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没，受打击，覆盖；affect影响，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影响。根据后半句句意“当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时，他会放弃体育运动”以及转折连词although可知，C符合句意。

8.单选题

Theboywasso（

）inthegamethathedidn’tnoticehermotherstandingbehindhim.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.suffocated

C.immersed

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so...that...句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed(in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。

9.不定项选择题

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

问题1选项

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

问题2选项

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

问题3选项

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

问题4选项

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

问题5选项

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开，由此可知B选项“爵士音乐与其他形式的音乐最大的区别是什么”符合文章大意，A选项“哪位早期的爵士乐手对节奏和蓝调音乐影响最大”，并没有谈论很多乐手；C选项“为什么美国的舞蹈和音乐的联系那么密切”，文章没有谈及美国的舞蹈，只开始一句带过；D选项“什么乐器组成了19世纪20年代最典型的爵士乐队”，乐器方面也并未过多说明。因此B选项正确。

第2题:事实细节题。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的艺术家一样，爵士音乐家追求自己独特的风格，即兴创作或意译是爵士音乐家展示自己个性的主要机会。A选项“在表演时创造音乐的变化”与原文意思相同；B选项“准备音乐改编”，不是准备好的音乐，而是即兴的；C选项“有技巧的阅读音乐”并未提及；选项D“能够演奏所有类型的流行音乐”也不对。因此A选项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。结合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世纪初，一些爵士乐队也有独唱的特色。类似地，表演乐团和嘉年华乐队通常也会有一两个这样的“get-off”音乐家。”可知，“get-off”音乐家的功能是独唱。A选项“演出结束后，协助其他乐队成员收拾行装”并未涉及；B选项“教新音乐的舞蹈动作”，文中只提到独唱并没有说舞蹈动作；C选项“领导乐队”与原文不符；D选项“在乐队或管弦乐队中提供独奏表演”与原文提到的独唱特色相对应。因此D选项正确。

第4题:词义推测题。由unadorned这个词定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士乐都是热门的，许多早期的乐队演奏的是未经修饰的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思为“未经修饰的，朴素的”。A选项“可爱的”意思不同；B选项“平的，普通的，朴素的”与之意思一致；C选项“紊乱的”错误；D选项“便宜的”可排除。因此B选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。结合51题内容，文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开叙述，所以这篇文章的主题主要是通过分开表述爵士乐区分其他音乐的两个特点展开的。A选项“把讨论分成两个主要部分”符合题意；B选项“提出相反的观点”，原文没有提出其他相反观点，B错误；C选项“提供著名音乐家的传记”，文中没有涉及音乐人物传记；D选项“按顺序描述历史事件”文章并未叙述历史事件，可以排除。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Themostpressingproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.difficult

C.terrifying

D.puzzling

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”；B选项difficult“困难的”；C选项terrifying“令人恐惧的”；D选项puzzling“令人迷惑的”。句意：任何经济体系面临的最紧迫的问题是如何利用其稀缺的资源。句中划线词的定义是“紧迫的”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Whereanyonereachingtheageof60wasconsideredtobeneardeath’sdoorattheturnofthe20thcentury,itisbarelyoldenoughforretirementattheturnofthe2lstcentury.Andscientistsarestillnotholdingback.Theysaythatasnewanti-ageingtreatmentsbecomeavailable,ourspecieswillgetevenolder.Whilefewwouldarguethatlivinglongerisanattractiveidea,therapidincreaseinthenumberofyearsbegsaquestion:Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?

Predictionsforfuturehealthexpectancyhavechangedoverthepastfewdecades.Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasing,butthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn’tprevent.

Butthatworldviewchangedsuddenlyintheearly1990swiththepublicationofastudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity,whohadbeenfollowingthehealthof20,000peopleforalmostadecade.Theyshowedthatdisabilityamongtheelderlywasnotonlydropping,butitwasdoingsoatanever-increasingrate.

ArianRichardson,directoroftheBarshopInstituteforAgeingandLongevityresearch,predictsthatunderstandingthemechanismsbehindcalorierestrictionandothergeneticreasonsbehindageingcouldbeusedwithinthenexttwodecadestogivepeopleseveralextrahealthyyearsoflife.Restricthowmuchananimaleats,forexample,anditwilllivelonger.Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases.“Fromthemodelsthathavebeenlookedat,theincreaseinlifespanisusuallyintherangeof15%-30%maximum,”saysRichardson.Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal’'sbehaviorfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.Whenfoodbecomesavailableagain,theanimal’sbehaviorswitchesback.

Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa“littlebitsilly”atthemomentbutdoesn’tdi