现代大学英语精读4lesson2-language study课件

PartThreeLanguageStudyENTERI.

WordStudyII.

PhrasesandExpressionsIII.

WordBuildingIV.

Grammar

LanguageStudyContentsWordStudyWordlist:aggressionallotascendchilleccentric6.inquire7.mess8.moisten9.oblige10.shriek11.

tense12.viciousExamples:Baileybecameincreasinglyaggressiveinhisquestioningofthewitness.越来越咄咄逼人Today’sexecutivesarehungry,competitive,andaggressive.雄心勃勃，竞争意识强，有进取精神anaggressivetumor

迅速蔓延的肿瘤

a.aggressive

WordStudya.

inclinedtobehaveinahostilefashionb.

assertive,bold,andenterprisingc.

fastgrowing;tendingtospreadquicklyWordStudy2.allot v.a.toparcelout;todistributeorapportion

b.toassignasaportion;toallocate Examples:Theyallottedaparking-spacetoeachemployee.Canwedotheworkwithinthetimetheyhaveallottedtous?allocaterationsforaweek-longcampingtripapportionthemoneyfairlySynonymsallocateapportionassignTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy

assign,allot,apportion,allocate

Theseverbsmeantosetasideorgiveout inportionsorshares.assign/allot

refertoarbitrarydistribution,but neitherimpliesequalityorfairness ofdivisionExamples:Thehardestworkwasassignedtothestrongestlaborers.Weallotahalfhouradayforrecreation.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy

apportionistodivideaccordingtoprescribed rulesandimpliesfairdistributionallocateusuallymeanstosetsomethingapart fromalargerquantity,asofmoney, foraspecificpurposeorfora particularpersonorgroupExamples:“Thefirstdutyofalegislatoristoapportionpenalties.”“立法者的第一项任务就是分配刑罚”Aportionofthebudgetwasallocatedfortheeducationofeachstudent.WordStudyn.

a.amoderatebutpenetratingcoldness

b.asensationofcoldness,oftenaccompaniedbyshiveringandpalloroftheskin

c.asuddennumbingfearordread

4.

chillExamples:Thereisanoticeablechillintheairtoday.Alittlechillrandownherback. Thepopulationexperiencedachillatthethreatofaninvasion.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy5.eccentrica.

a.departingfromarecognized,conventional,orestablishednormorpattern

b.deviatingfromacircularformorpath,asinanellipticalorbitExamples:Theoldladyhassomeeccentrichabits.Mars,Venusandtheotherplanetsmoveineccentricorbits.

火星、金星及其他行星沿不正圆的轨道运行。SynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueerquaintstrangeTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudySynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueerquaintstrange

queer:markedlyfromthenorm“Now,mysuspicionisthattheuniverseisnotonlyqueererthanwesuppose,butqueererthanwecansuppose.”“现在，我的怀疑是宇宙不但比我们所假想的要奇异，而且比我们能假想的还要奇异。”J·B·S·(霍尔丹）

quaint:pleasingorold-fashionedpeculiaritythequaintstreetsofNewOrleansoutlandish:alienorbizarrestrangenessTheyweredressedinaquaint,outlandishfashion.WordStudy6.

inquirev.toseekinformationbyaskingaquestiontomakeaninquiryorinvestigationExamples:I’llinquireabouttheflights.Sheinquiredaftermymother’shealth.Thedirectorinquiredof

meabout/concerningourwork.Weinquiredintohisstory,andfounditwastrue.Heinquiredforthebookinabookshop.Wordformationsn.inquiryinquisitiona.inquiringinquisitiveTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy Fillingtheblankswiththeappropriateformsof“inquire”:Havetheymadeany____afterme?Theobjectofscientific_____istodiscoverthelawsofnature.Don'tbeso_____;I’mnottellingyouwhatI’vepromisednottosay.An_____mindisveryvitalandvaluableinpursuingknowledge.IknewI’dfacean_____whenIgothome.KeysinquiriesinquiryinquisitiveinquiringinquisitionWordStudy7.

messn.a.acluttered,untidy,usuallydirtyconditionb.aconfused,troubling,orembarrassing conditionExamples:I’llhavetoclearupallthemessinthisroom.Thecopperindustrywasinamess.Thisillnessmakesamessofmyholidayplans.Shemesseduphernewdresswithredink.Don’tmesswithhimwhenheisangry.和他捣乱

amessycourtcase

一件难缠的官司

v.messa.messyWordformationsWordStudy8.moisten

v.tomakeorbecomemoist

Examples:“Moistenedbyrainanddew,youngcropsgrowstrong.”雨露滋润禾苗壮。Hiseyesweremoistwithtears.Thesundriesthemoistureontheground.n.moisturea.moistWordformationsWordStudy10.shriek n.

a.ashrill,oftenfranticcry

b.asoundsuggestiveofsuchacry

v.to

shriekExamples:Asuddenterribleshriekfrozethepassengertothespot.Weheardtheshriekoftheengine’swhistle.Theywereallshriekingwithlaughter.shriekoutawarningSynonymscallcryscreamscreechshoutyellWordStudy a.a.tightlystretched

b.inastateofmentalornervoustensionv./n.tenseExamples:tensemusclesTheplayersweretenseatthestartofthegame.Hedislikesoralexamsmostofall;theyalwaystensehimup.“Just”isfrequentlyusedwiththepresentperfecttense.11.tense

n.tension

a.tensile可拉长的WordformationsList:everynowandthen/againgiveone’salibiinasplitsecondmakearemarknot…intheleastpopinandoutputoutofone’smindstarttheballingrollingtakeadvantageof10.walkinone’ssleepPhrasesandExpressionsExamples:Everynowandthenashipcameintotheharbor.Writemeapostcardeverynowandagain.Everynowandthenhewipedhiseyeswithabigpocket-handkerchief.HeonlycomestoLondoneverynowandthen.1.

everynowandthen/againPhrasesandExpressionsonanumberofoccasions;atregularintervalsMoreexamples:immediately inamomentatonce inaninstantataword inasecondrightaway inablinkatshortnoticeinatwinklingofaneyeinstantly inonebreathinstantaneously inthesamebreath3.inasplitsecondPhrasesandExpressions一瞬间，霎那间PhrasesandExpressions4.makearemarktomakeastatementorcommetExamples:Theykeptmakingremarksaboutus.SophiamadenoremarkastoGerald’slietoher.Hemadeanunpleasantcommentaboutmyfriend.Hemadeaflatteringstatementaboutherclothes.Glass,exposedbeams,andantiquesallcombinetomakeastrongdecorativestatement.

将玻璃、裸露的柱子和古董结合在一起制造出强烈的装饰效果。Examples:Iamnotintheleastafraidofhisthreats.Idon’tmindintheleast.atleast:

至少；无论如何Iwaited

atleast

anhour.

Youmight

atleast

answer.leastofall:尤其不Nobodycared,

leastofall

themanager.notleast:相当重要Tradehasbeenbad,

notleast

becauseofincreasedcosts.5.not…intheleast

not…atallPhrasesandExpressionstomakeoneforgetsomething7.

putoutofone’smindPhrasesandExpressionsExample:Youhavetotrytoputyourpastsufferingoutofyourmindandmakeafreshstart.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Phraseswith“mind”Phraseswith“mind”PhrasesandExpressionsbeinone’emindbeintwomindsbeonone’smindbeoutofone’smindbearinmindgiveone’smindtogooutofone’smindkeepone’smindontake…offone’smind有想法，想念拿不定主意，不肯定，犹豫压在心上，有心事不想，不正常记住专心从事，对······专注不再想，忘掉，发疯专心注意，聚精会神去掉心事tostarttheconversation/activity8.starttheballrollingPhrasesandExpressionsOtherPhrases:gettheballrolling(=keeptheballrolling)

使（活动、讨论等）不中断havetheballatone’sfeet有希望一蹴而就ontheball内行；在行Thatbankerisreallyontheball.

那位银行家的确很在行。playball（与with连用）合作

toputingooduse;toavailoneselfofprofitselfishlyby9.takeadvantageofPhrasesandExpressionsExamples:Weshouldtakeadvantageofalleducationalopportunities.She’ssusinghercharmtotrytotakeadvantageofhim.cf.makeuseof:Shewasmakingfulluseofheropportunity.Example:Childrenwhowalkintheirsleepusuallyoutgrowthehabit.梦游的孩子通常在长大后会改掉这个习惯。10.walkinone’ssleepPhrasesandExpressionsTheendofPhrasesandExpressions.towalkaroundwhileasleepcryoneselftosleep哭着睡着了get/gotosleep睡着，入睡inasound/beautifulsleep睡得正熟/香last/longsleep

长眠

puttosleep使睡着WordBuildingList:

Derivativesof“form”

Derivativesof“scribe”

Affix—rupt

Suffix—-mitWordBuildingconformdeformmisinformperformreformtransformformationformatform:theshapeandstructureofanobject

inform:in在内+form形状；在心里造成形状就引申为通知……符合，使一致变形告知错误的信息履行，执行改革，重新组成转换，使变形形成，构成，编队格式，形式，版式……scribe:fromLateLatin“scrĪe”:towrite：写，记下WordBuildingascribedescribeinscribeprescribesubscribetranscribe归因于，归咎于描写，记述，形容记下指示，规定，开药订阅，签署转录WordBuildingeruptrupt:

fromLatin“rumpere”:tobreakabruptbankrupteruptcorruptdisruptinterruptrupture突然，陡峭的破产喷出，爆发腐烂，堕落使中断，使破裂打断，中断破裂，裂开Suffix—-mit:Latinsuffix:tosend呈交，放开

admit:ad-=to向，对WordBuildingadmitcommitemitremittransmitThisistheendofWordBuilding.允许，接纳把······交托给，提交发出，放射汇出，传送传输，传达GrammarTobecontinuedonthenextpage.ParentheticalElementsBeforegoingintohisroomhemadeanoldremarkwhich—inthecircumstances—isworthrepeating.PrepositionalphraseasaparentheticalexpressiontoaddsomeexplanationsofthesituationParentheticalelementsareoftenusedastransitionalandexplanatoryexpressionsorafterthoughts.MoreExamplesGrammarTobecontinuedonthenextpage.ManystudentschooseSaturdayforsportsorsocialactivities.Sunday,ontheotherhand,seemstobethebeststudydayformanystudents.(transitional)Economics,especiallyatanadvancedlevel,iscloselyrelatedtomathematics.(explanatory)Foranhour—itwasthatlong,Iamsure—myeyesstaredattheceiling,andheldontoitfordearlife.(afterthoughts)Ikeptouttill

—approximately—nineo’clock.(explanatory)

Studythefollowingsentencesbelow,identifyparentheticalelem