高考英语一轮复习语法人教版专题4 形容词和副词公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

专题四形容词和副词一、形容词分类及基本使用方法形容词就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物性质、状态和特征词。基本使用方法以下表：分类功效例词定语形容词作定语、表语和补语等。hot,cold,etc.表语形容词作表语，有可作后置定语well,ill,glad,sorry,fond,worth,able,afraid,alone,asleep,alive,awake,alike,afraid,etc.二、复合形容词组成例词形容词+名词+edkind-hearted,white-haired形容词+形容词red-hot,dark-blue形容词+现在分词good-looking,easy-going副词+现在分词hard-working,fast-moving副词+过去分词hard-won,newly-built名词+形容词life-long,world-famous名词+现在分词peace-loving,fun-loving名词+过去分词snow-covered,hand-made数词+名词ten-year,two-man数词+名词+edfour-storied,three-legged数词+名词+形容词three-year-old三、副词分类及基本使用方法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词和全句词汇。副词分类及使用方法以下表：分类例词使用方法例句时间副词today,yesterday,soon,recently,suddenly,still,already,just,etc.可位于句首、句中或句尾。Hewenthomeyesterday.Yesterdayhewenthome.HewenttoParisrecently.HerecentlywenttoParis.RecentlyhewenttoParis.地点副词here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,halfway,upstairs,downstairs,etc.惯用于句末或句首，从不位于主语和谓语之间。Canyouhelptocarrythistableupstairs?Theboyreadquietlyoverthereallafternoon.方式副词

carefully,happily,quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily,etc.

通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后；在“动词+介词+宾语”结构中，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于Hereadtheletterslowly.Helookedatmecuriously.Helookedcuriouslyatme.Helookedcuriouslyateveryonewhogotoff“介词+宾语”之后；单个方式副词有时也可位于主语与动词之间。theplane.Hequicklygotdressed.频度副词always,continually,frequently,often,once,twice,repeatedly,sometimes,usually,ever,hardlyever,never,rarely,scarcely，ever,seldom,etc.位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后；假如有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。Heoftencomestoseeus.Heisseldomlateforschool.Wehaveneverbeeninvitedtooneoftheirparties.Shewasalwayslate.IknowIshouldtakeexercise,butIneverdo.程度副词fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really,etc.主要修饰形容词和副词，有还可修饰比较级(如much,rather等)和最高级(如quite,much,almost等)；有可修饰动词，有则不能。Housesaremuchmoreexpensivethesedays.Thisisquite/muchthemostexpensiveradiohere.Iquiteagreewithyou.Hedrivesverycarefully.连接副词therefore,besides,however,moreover,still,thus,meanwhile,etc.用于连接句子，性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通惯用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)。Idon’tlikeit;besides,it’stooexpensive.Wealltriedourbest;however,welostthegame.Wealltriedourbest.However,welostthegame.when,why,where,how,etc.用于引导从句或不定式。Tellmewhenweshallleave.Tellmewhentoleave.Idon’knowhowIcanfindhim.Idon’tknowhowtofindhim.关系副词when,where,why用于引出定语从句。Sundayisthedaywhenveryfewpeoplegotowork.That’sthereasonwhyhedislikesme.DoyouknowashopwhereIcanfindsandals?疑问副词

when,where,why,how

用于引出特殊疑问句。

Wheredoyoucomefrom?Whenwillitbeready?Whywasshecrying?

句子副词

actually,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,surely,fortunately,frankly,honestly,luckily,obviously,perhaps,possibly,unexpectedly,etc.

用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反应说话人观点和看法。Obviouslyhecan’ttellthedifferencebetweenthem.Iarrivedlatebutluckilythemeetinghadbeendelayed.【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词排列次序熟记口诀就能够顺利解题：限定描绘大长高,形状年纪和新老,颜色国籍和材料,作用类别往后靠。说明：（1）“限定词”包含：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。（2）“描绘”性形容词,如beautiful,bad,cold,great,etc.（3）“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词；（4）表示“形状”词，如round,square,etc.（5）“国籍”指一个国家或地域词；“出”指出处。“材料”词，如wooden,woolen,stone,silk,etc.（6）“作用类别”词，如medical,college,writing(desk),police(car),etc.【考点二】考查形容词作定语后置规律形容词作定语普通位于所修饰名词前，但以下三种情况形容词要后置：（1）形容词短语作定语时要后置。Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.（2）表语形容词作定语要后置。常见表语形容词有：afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive,etc.。Allthepeoplepresentatthepartywerehissupporters.（3）形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every组成复合词，如anything、something等时，通常后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语形容词充当状语多表示主语状态。Hespent7daysinthewindandsnow,coldandhungry.Afraidofbeingcaught,thethiefhidhimselfunderabed.【考点四】考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词区分-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……(事物)”。这么成正确形容词有：interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparentsworried.Itisbelievedthatifabookisinteresting,itwillsurelyinterestthereader.注意：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人含有该性质或特征。Hetoldmethenewsinanexcitedvoice.Themanisinteresting.【考点五】考查形容词或副词比较级和最高级形容词、副词比较级和最高级惯用句型名称结构例句相等as+原级+asMissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.as+原级+a/an+单数名词+asHeisashonestamanasyou.asmany+名词复数+as；asmuch+不可数名词+asIhaveasmanybooksasyou.倍数+as+原级+aThisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.不及notas/so+原级+asThisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.less+原级+thanThisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.超过比较级+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.the+比较级+ofthetwo，表示“二者中较……一个”Heisthetallerofthetwo.否定词+比较级no+比较级+than，表示“二者都不”Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.再……不过（可译为“非常，十分”）Hisworkcouldn’tbeworse.程度递增

-er+and+-er，moreandmore+多音节词原级，表示“越来越……”

Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.

两种情况同时改变the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越……”Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.三者或三者以上比较the+最高级+of/in+比较范围，表示“……之中最……”Ofallthingsintheworld,peoplearethemostprecious.【考点六】考查形容词与副词区分（1）“名词+ly”组成是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly,lovely,weekly,monthly,daily等。（2）toomuch和muchtoo区分①toomuch能够充当形容词，含义是“太多”，后接不可数名词；充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词；充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到事物。Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodo.WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.Yougavemetoomuch.②muchtoo充当副词，意为“太”，在句中修饰形容词或副词。It’smuchtooexpensive.【考点七】考查比较等级修饰语用于比较级前alot,much,even,still,far,agreatdeal,rather,twoyears,5%,twice,any（惯用于否定句或疑问句中）etc.Mydeskmateisevenfatterthanme.many,afew(用于“more+可数名词复数”前)Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.用于最高级前thevery,much,byfar,thefirst/second,etc.Thiscakeisbyfarthelargestintheworld.【难点一】考查likely,possible与probable辨析用恰当词完成以下句子，使之完整、正确①Iam_______tobelateforthefilm.②Itis_______forustofinishtheworkwithinthreehours.③Itis_______thattheheadmasterwillcometolistentoourclass.解析：likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，惯用结构有：sb./sth.+be+likely+todosth.；Itislikely+that-clause；possible表示客观上可能性，常组成结构有：Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.；Itispossible+that-clause；probable表示“可能发生或实现”，比possible可能性大。常组成句型有：sth.isprobable;Itisprobable+that-clause。综上分析可知，题①填likely；题②填possible；题③填possible或probable。另外，likely还可用作定语形容词，意为“似乎适当、有希望”。Sheisthemostlikelygirltowintheprize.她是最有希望得奖女孩。【难点二】考查形容词alive,lively,living和live辨析用恰当词完成以下句子，使之完整、正确①Heistellingavery______story.②Wefoundthesnake

______.③The

______aremoreimportanttousthanthedead.④Thefishisstill

_______.⑤Theyarewatchinga

______televisionshownow.解析：lively有“活泼，快活，生动”等意思，能够指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着”意思；alive、live、living都有“活、有生命”意思，但live通常只作前置定语，且普通用于动物；alive、living不但可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living置于名词前后均可），也能够作表语；只有alive可作宾语补足语；只有living前加the方可表示“活着人”，作主语时，视作复数。所以，题①填lively，题②填alive，题③填living，题④alive和living均可，题⑤填live。【难点三】考查senior,junior,superior,inferior等词与to连用表示比较概念用恰当词完成以下句子，使之完整、正确①Theirwatchissuperior________alltheotherwatchesonthemarket.②Herunsalotfaster_______I.解析：一些以-ior结尾形容词不用比较形式却能表示比较概念，其后要接介词to。这些词有inferior（劣等，次）、superior（很好，优于……）、junior（资历较浅）、senior（资格较老）、prior（在……之前）等。所以，题①填to；题②是比较级，填than。1.Ihaveseldomseenmymother______pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.(·全国Ⅰ)A.soB.veryC.tooD.rather解析：选A。考查形容词平级比较。句意为：我极少看到妈妈像现在一样为我进步如此开心。题干中关键词是as，结合句意可知，这里是形容词please平级比较。2.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen________.(·全国Ⅱ)popular B.morepopularC.mostpopular D.themostpopular解析：选B。考查形容词比较级。句意为：Black先生很高兴，因为他工厂生产服装从没像现在这么受欢迎。否定比较级相当于必定，类似还有too,enough。3.Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas______journey.(·上海)A.threehourB.athree-hoursC.athree-hourD.threehours解析：选C。考查复合形容词。“三小时旅程”有两种表示方式：athree-hourjourney和threehours’journey。4.________,sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.(·安徽)A.ShyandcautiousB.SensitiveandthoughtfulC.HonestandconfidentD.Lightheartedandoptimistic解析：选D。考查形容词作状语。句意为：愉快与乐观她，是那种经过微笑把阳光撒给他人女士。shyandcautious害羞而小心；sensitiveandthoughtful敏感而多虑；honestandconfident老实而自信；lightheartedandoptimistic豁达而乐观。5.Drunkdriving,whichwasoncea_______occurrence,isnowundercontrol.(·福建)A.general B.frequentC.normalD.particular 解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：曾经一度常发事故醉酒驾车现在已经被控制了。frequent频繁；general普通；normal正常；particular尤其，特定。6.Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurely______viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.(·湖北)A.private B.personalC.uniqueD.different解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这次演讲里，关于我们怎样尽情生活我只能给你（们）纯粹个人观点，并就未来提一些提议。private私人，私有；personal个人；unique唯一，独特；different不一样。7.Mistakesdon’tjusthappen;theyoccurforareason.Findoutthereason,andthenmakingthemistakebecomes_______.(·湖北)A.favourableB.preciousC.essential D.worthwhile解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意为：犯错并没有发生；犯错是有原因。搞清楚犯错原因，那么犯错就是值得。favourable赞成，有利；precious宝贵，珍贵；essential本质，实质；worthwhile值得做。8.IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect,my______reactionwillbetotellthepolice.(·湖北)A.physical B.immediateC.sensitive D.sudden解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：假如我发觉某人看起来像嫌疑犯，我马上采取行动就是告诉警察。physical身体，物理；immediate马上；sensitive敏感，灵敏；sudden突然，意外。9.Computersandmobilephones,thoughtheyareindeedmakingourlife_______andmore________,havereducedtheneedforface-to-facecommunications.(·江西)A.easily;efficient B.easier;efficientC.easy;efficiently D.easily;efficiently解析：选B。考查形容词比较级。句意为：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们生活变得更有效率了，不过也降低了面对面交流需求。make+life+形容词，而且后面为比较级，符合语境。10.Mothersholdingjobsoutsidethehomeshouldhave_______schedulestomakeiteasiertocarefortheirchildren.(·山东)A.heavy B.smoothC.flexibleD.complex解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作母亲们应该有灵活时间方便照看孩子们。表示“灵活”用flexible。heavy沉重；smooth光滑，滑顺；complex复杂，难懂。11.Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore_______tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.(·陕西)A.likely B.possibleC.probable D.sure解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，假如总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”意思。12.Theschoolwasmovedoutofdowntownasthenumberofstudentshadgrowntoo_______.(·四川)A.small B.fewC.large D.many解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意为：因为学生数量增加过快，所以学校从市中心地域搬出来了。thenumberof意为“……数量”，其后形容词应为大小，不用多少。10.Mothersholdingjobsoutsidethehomeshouldhave_______schedulestomakeiteasiertocarefortheirchildren.(·山东)A.heavy B.smoothC.flexibleD.complex解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作母亲们应该有灵活时间方便照看孩子们。表示“灵活”用flexible。heavy沉重；smooth光滑，滑顺；complex复杂，难懂。11.Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore_______tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.(·陕西)A.likely B.possibleC.probable D.sure解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，假如总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”意思。12.Theschoolwasmovedoutofdowntownasthenumberofstudentshadgrowntoo_______.(·四川)A.small B.fewC.large D.many解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意为：因为学生数量增加过快，所以学校从市中心地域搬出来了。thenumberof意为“……数量”，其后形容词应为大小，不用多少。13.Peoplehavealwaysbeen_______aboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.(·天津)A.curious B.excitedC.anxious D.careful解析：选A。考查形容词意义和使用方法。句意为：人们一直对地球生命起源感到好奇。依据介词about后面宾语从句意义，能够确定前面表示是好奇，becuriousabout对……感到好奇。14.Ihavebeenconvincedthattheprintmediaareusuallymore_______andmorereliablethantelevision.(·浙江)A.accurate B.ridiculousC.urgent D.shallow解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：我确信印刷媒体材料比电视更准确、愈加可靠。accurate准确；ridiculous可笑，滑稽；urgent紧急；shallow浅，浅薄。15.Theislandis______attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.(·全国Ⅱ)A.partly B.merelyC.nearly D.equally解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意为：这个岛屿春秋两季气候宜人，所以，这两个季