闵行区2015年高三英语二模试卷

第第15页共15页二二二二一线o二二二二一线o二二二二二二二一o封二二二二二二二一o密二二二二名姓二二二一二号证考准二二二二二级班二二二二二二二二二二二校学Aporter.D.Acarpenter.B.Settingcamerastoportraitmode.Takingpicturesofpeople.Organizetheinformation.D.Addhisexperiencetothebook.Doubtful.D.Unconcerned.B.Hedoesn'tcareforapromotion.Heknowshisownlimitation.B.Sheneedstimetowriteapaper.D.Sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem.B.Invitemorepeople.D.Prepareforaparty.B.Itturnedouttobeeasy.D.It'squitedifficult.闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质M调研考试央语试卷考生注意：.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页），全卷共12页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.At4:15. B.At4:45. C.At5:00. D.At6:00.A.Apainter. B.Amechanic.A.Usingcamerascreatively.C.Paintingpictures.A.Talktomoresoldiers.C.Collectmoreinformation.A.Delighted.B.Surprised.A.Heisratherdisappointed.C.Hecan'taccepttheresult.A.Shewantstogetsomesleep.C.Shehasaphysicsclasstoattend.A.Getmorefoodanddrinks.C.Tidyuptheplace.A.It'sinteresting.C.It'shardtojudge.

A.Shemusthavepaidalotforthecourse.Herefforthasbroughtaboutgoodresults.Sheisunlikelytokeepgoodfigure.Hertryisobviouslyawasteofmoney.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Bysoundingawarning.C.Bycheckingthedrivingtime.A.Bysoundingawarning.C.Bycheckingthedrivingtime.A.Movesmoreregularly.Opensthewindowforthedriver.B.Bypressingthedrivingwheel.Bytouchingthewristband.B.Stopsworkingproperly.D.Soundsmorefrequentlyandloudly.A.Anewdevicetoreducetiredness-relatedaccidents.Anewdevicetolimitcarspeed.Aninventiontomakedrivingmorecomfortable.Anewregulationtopunishdangerousdriving.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Girlsmaygivenegativeinfluencetoboys.Girlsalwaysinfluenceboyseffectively.Boysarealwaysasgoodasgirls.Boysdon'performwellincertainschools.A.Boysshouldalwaysstudywithfewergirls.Single-sexclassesareavailableformaths.Mixedgenderispreferredinscienceclasses.Girlshavebetterperformancethanboys.A.Boysaretooshytostudywiththeoppositegender.TeacherslikegirlsmorethanboysinEnglishclass.Boysprefertointerrupttheclassmorethangirls.Teachingstylesaremoresuitableforgirls.

SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Education:Presentjobdescription:Education:Presentjobdescription:Personality:Interviewingdate:Universitygraduate;majoringin(17)Offering(18)assistancetopeople.Easy-goingand(19).On(20).Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WritenomorethanTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.WhyisthemaninterestedinEnglish?BecausehelikestoreadEnglish(21) .Whatisthemanencouragedtodo?To(22) withthehistoryknowledge.Whydoesthemanthinkmind-mapeffective?Becauseithelpstoremember(23) informationwell.Whydoesthemanwanttobealawyer?Tobring(24) topeople.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Theyearwas1932.AmeliaEarhartwasflyingalonefromNorthAmericatoEnglandinasmallsingle-enginedairplane.Atmidnight,severalhoursaftershehadleftNewfoundland,sheranintobadweather.Tomakethingsworse,heraltimeter(高度表)failedandshedidn'tknowhowhighshe(25)(fly).Atnight,andinastorm,apilotwasingreatdifficultywithoutanaltimeter.Attimes,herplanenearlyplungedintothesea.Justbeforedawn,therewasfurthertrouble.Amelianoticedflamescomingfromtheengine.Withallthedifficulties,AmeliaEarhartwasn'tsureifshe(26)reachland.Therewasnothingtodobutkeep(27)(go).Intheend,AmeliaEarhartdidreachIreland.Itwaswiththegreatcourage(28)shemadethesafelanding.Andforthecourageshehadshown,shewaswarmlywelcomedinEnglandandEurope.WhenshereturnedtotheUnitedStates,she(29)(honor)byPresidentHooverataspecialdinnerintheWhiteHouse.Fromthattimeon,AmeliaEarhartwasfamous.Whatwassoimportantaboutherflight?AmeliaEarhartwasthefirstwoman(30)(fly)theAtlanticOceanalone,andshehadsetarecordoffourteenhoursandfifty-sixminutes.Intheyearsthatfollowed,AmeliaEarhartmadeseveralflightsacrosstheUnitedStates,andoneachoccasionshesetanewrecordforflyingtimeandwas(31)(skillful)thanherpreviousflight.AmeliaEarhartmadetheseflightstoshowthatwomenhadaplaceinaviation(航空)andthatairtravelwasuseful.Herpassionforflightlastedinherremaininglife(32)shemysteriouslydisappearedfrompublicintheyear1937.(B)Ithasbecomeacceptableforpeopletosaythatwomenworklessthanmenandthereforedeserveless!Itmayhavebeentrueinthepastwhenwomenwereexpectedtostayathomeandlookafterchildren,butwomenhavechangedovertheyears.Theyhave“comeout"!Gone(33)(be)thedayswhentheytoiled(辛苦)thekitchenstovealldaylong;theyarenowawareoftheirneedsandarewillingtofightforthem.Theyexpecttobegiventherespecttheydeserve,bothathomeandatwork.Theyhaverealized(34)intellectualpotentialandhavedeterminedtodosomethingaboutit!Womenontwowheelshavebecome(35)familiarsightontheroadsofmostAsiancountriesduringthepastfewyears.Itiscommontofindawoman(36)(take)herchildrenonherbicycletoschoolandthenreachingherofficeintime.“Superwoman37)(sheis,itisratherdifficulttocombineacareerandadecenthomelife.Sheneedstofeel(38)(support).Shemayarriveatworkfeelingasifshehasalreadydoneafulldayjob.(39)scolleaguesdoubtherpassiontoherjob,shewillfeelsad.Atthesametime,womenoftodayexpecttheirpartnerstocontributetowardschildcareandhouseholdchores.Today'swomenarelearningtoavoidsituationsthatmakethemfeelmorestressedanditisahardstruggle.(40)allthis,thenewwoman, “thehsuperpowerarrived.Shestillbelievesinthepowerandvalueofafamilyunitandsheholdsitinhighesteem(尊重).SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.attractionB.benefitC.enthusiasticallyD.commandE.satisfyF.undoubtedlyK.considerableG.approvalH.treasuredI.viewedJ.developedPublicimagedoesntmakemoneydirectly,norisitanythingvisible.However,excellentpublicimageissuchanimportantthingthatitis41desiredbyeverycompany,enterprise,institution,etc.Publicimagereferstohowacompanyis42byitscustomers,suppliers,andstockholders（股东）,bythefinancialcommunity,bythecommunitieswhereitoperates,andbyfederalandlocalgovernments.Publicimageiscontrollableto 43extent,justastheproduct,price,place,andpromotionaleffortsare.Afirm'spublicimageplaysavitalroleinthe44ofthefirmanditsproductstoemployees,customers,andtosuchoutsidersasstockholders,suppliers,creditors（贷款方）,governmentofficials,aswellasdifferentspecialgroups.Withsomethingsitisimpossibleto45allthedifferentpublics:forexample,anewhighlyautomatedplantmaymeetthe46ofcreditorsandstockholders.However,itwill47findresistancefromemployeeswhoseetheirjobsthreatened.Ontheotherhand,highqualityproductsandservicestandardsshouldbringalmostcompleteapproval,whilelowqualityproductsandfalseclaimswouldbewidelylookeddownupon.Afirm'publicimage,ifitisgood,shouldbe48.Itisavaluablestrengththatusuallyisbuiltupoveralongandsatisfyingrelationshipofafirmwithpublics.Ifafirmhas49aqualityimage,thisisnoteasilyimitatedbycompetitors.Suchanimagemayenableafirmtochargehigherprices,towinthebestdistributorsanddealers,toattractthebestemployees,toexpectthemostfavorablecreditorrelationshipsandlowestborrowingcosts.Itshouldalsoallowthefirm'stockto50higherprice-earningsratio（比例）thanotherfirmsinthesameindustrywithsuchagoodreputationandpublicimage.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Justasthestockmarketrisesandfallsinresponsetowhatpeoplearewillingtoputtheirmoneybehind,wehaveinsideourselvesaninnereconomythatrisesandfallsinresponsetoourbeliefsaboutwhatispossible.Sometimesthedegreetowhichwearewillingto_51—ourbeliefsystemsdeterminesthesuccessofourinnereconomy.Forexample,imaginethatyourfamilyoforiginhadabeliefthatmusicaltalentwasnotsomethingthey 52.Asamemberofthatgroup,youwouldlikely53thatsamebeliefaboutyourself.Asaresult,evenifyouhadagreatdesiretocreatemusic,youmightbe54toreallygetbehindyourself.Becauseyoumightfearthatyour55wouldnotpayoff.Evenifyouhadthecouragetofollowyourpassion,yourinnerbeliefthatyouarenot56wouldprobablystopyourtrying.Andthatwouldbeamajor57toinvestyourenergyinyourdream.Ontheotherhand,beliefisn'tanything58.Ifyoufoundawayto59thatnegativebelief,agreatfloodofenergywouldpourforth,greatlyincreasingthepossibilityofyoursuccess.Howmuchenergywearewillingtoinvestinthevariousideasanddreamsislikethemoneypeopleare,orarenot,willingtoinvestinthevariousproductsavailablefortradeonthestockmarket.Andinbothcases,60playsakeyroleindetermininghowwillingwearetogetbehindsomething.Onewaytoopenupthepossibilityforgreatersuccessinourinnereconomiesistounderstandthatbeliefisnotthereliable61wesometimesthink.Thereareothermorereliablethingsofsuccessthatwecanputour62in,suchaspassion,feeling,andsense.Someofthemostsuccessfulinvestorsinthestockmarketaretheonesthatgoagainstthegrain,trustingtheirsenseoverthe63opinionheldbyordinarypeopleaboutwhatwillwork.Inthesameway,wecanlearntotrustourheart 'sdesiresandoursensetoguideus,64anybeliefsthatstandinthewayofourabilitytofullyinvestinourselves.Aswetakeoutenergyfromlimitingideasaboutwhatispossible,we65theresourcesthathavethepowertomakeourinnereconomyprosper.51.A.simplifyB.challengeC.eliminateD.maintain52.A.possessedB.trustedC.objectedD.missed53.A.rejectB.preserveC.denyD.share54.A.willingB.sorryC.reluctantD.ready55A.successB.knowledgeC.professionD.investment56.A.devotedB.talentedC.concernedD.interested57.A.obstacleB.excuseC.chanceD.principle58.A.importantB.fixedC.changeableD.stimulating59.A.enhanceB.reserveC.releaseD.follow60.A.energyB.hobbyC.expenseD.belief61.A.guideB.abilityC.goalD.policy62.A.aimB.faithC.taskD.dream63.A.unacceptableB.strangeC.unbelievableD.common64.A.questioningB.understandingC.interpretingD.believing65.A.sticktoB.leadtoC.freeupD.leaveoutSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ThevastjunglesoftheAmazonrainforestarehometotribes倩B落)mostlyisolatedfromtheoutsideworld,whosewayoflife,largelyunchangedforhundredsofyears,isnowincreasinglythreatenedbymoderncivilization.Now,scientistsdiscovertheycanmonitorthese“uncontactectribesusingsatellites,whichwouldallowinexpensiveandsafetrackingofthesetribesinordertoprotectthemfromoutsidethreats.InordertohelppreservetheseuncontactedIndians,researchersneedaccurateestimatesoftheirpopulations.Onewaytocollectthisdatainvolvesflyingovertheirvillages,butsuchover-flightsarebothexpensiveandcouldfillthesenativepeopleswithfear.Anotherstrategyinvolvesmeetingindividualsontheground,butamongotherrisks,scientistscouldaccidentallyspreaddiseasetomembersofthetribes.Instead,scientistsinvestigatedwhethersatelliteimagescouldmonitoruncontactedtribes.Theresultwasinspiring.Theyconfirmedtheirlocationsandmeasuredthesizesoftheirvillage,housesandgardens."Wecanfindisolatedvillageswithremotesensingandstudythemovertime."WalkerLtvldScience. "Wecanask:Aretheygrowing?Dotheymove?Surprisingly,basedonthesizesofthehousesandvillages,thescientistsfindthepopulationdensitiesoftheseisolatedvillagesareabout10timesgreater,onaverage,thanothervillagesofnativeBrazilianpeoples.Thismaybeduetothefactthattheyhavetoliveclosertogetherbecausetheyarenotasgoodatclearingtheforest,sincetheylackmoderndeviceslikechainsawsandtractors,theresearcherssaid.Thetribesmayalsobeafraidofspreadingoutduetofearofbeingattackedbyoutsiders,Walkersaid.Theresearchersnowplantofocuson29moreisolatedvillagesto“lookattheirecology—thatis,distancefromriversandroads—andusethistomodelwhereelsewecanfindmoreisolatedvillages,“Walkersaid.Scientistsdon'twanttomeettheIndians onthegroundduetothefeathat.A.theycan'tgetaccuratedata B. theycouldpassdiseasetotheIndiansC.theywillbeattackedbytheIndiansD.theywillcatchdiseasefromtheIndiansAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheIndiantribesisNOTtrue?A.Theylackmoderntoolstocutforests. B. Theirlifestylesremainunchanged.C.Theyliveclosertogetherfordefense. D. Theyarecontactingtheoutsideworld.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?Moreisolatedtribesareyettobediscovered.Scientistsareabletofind29Amazontribesintotal.It'seasyforscientiststofindisolatedvillages.Moreroadsshouldbebuiltforthetribes.

Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?TheDisappearingoftheAncientAmazonTribes.DiscoveryofIndianTribesinRemoteMountains.TheThreateningofModernCivilizationtoTribes.ResearchofIsolatedTribeswithModernDevices.(B)TheZebraFinch:AnOwner'sGuidetoaHappyHealthyPetThezebrafinch,anativeofAustralia,isapopulardomesticpetintheUnitedStates.Thebirdhasmanyattributes(特性)whichallowittobekeptathome,thoughtherearealsoafewnegativeaspects.Theattributesarenest-building,breedingandalivelyattitude.Thepotentialnegativesareover-breedingandthewildnessofthebirds.Oneofthemainattributesofzebrafinchesistheirabilitytobreed.Theyaretherabbitsofthedomesticbirdworld.Onceyouhavetwobirds,maleandfemale,youwillsoonhavesix,astheybreedquiteeasilyandhavestrongbabies,usuallyfouratatime.Anaddedattributeistheirabilitytobuildtheirownnests.Youcanplacebranchintheirplacealongwithsomekindofstructure,andtheywillcreateanestontheirown.It'sverypleasanttoseethewaysmalesandfemalesdividesomelaborsandshareothers,andthebabiesgrowupquickly.Overall,zebrafinchesareenergeticbirds,andtheycanmakeeveryplacewheretheylivedelightfullives.Onthenegativeside,theywillbreedandin-breed.Often,in-breedingdoeslittleharmanddoesnotcausegeneticdefects(缺陷),ashappensmoreofteninotherspecies.However,noonecantoleratejustanypopulationlevel.Onehastoeitherremovetheirnestsaltogether,whichbasicallyremovestheirpersonallivingplace,orcheckforeggsregularlyonceaweek(thegestationperiodis13days,soevenaone-weekneglectcanleadtobirths).Eggscanbereplacedwithfalseplasticeggs,andthispreventsfemalesfromlayingtoomany.Iftheydolaytoomany,theywilldiefrommineralloss.Sincethesebirdsdonottamewell,removingeggscanbeanunpleasantprocessofrepeatedlyinvadingtheirpersonalspace.Overall,itisunfortunatethatzebrafinchesareinexpensivebirdsduetotheirhighlevelofbreeding.Theyrequireconsiderablecaretolivehappylives.Thebestcare-takersaretrueavianfanciers—peoplewhohaveappropriatespaceforthenestsandenoughtimetoallowthemtonest-buildandbreedwithoutover-breeding.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Zebrafinchesover-breedbynatureanditsconsequentilleffects.OnlypeoplewholovebirdscantakecareofZebrafinches.Domesticzebrafinchesrequirealotofcaretolivehappylives.Zebrafinchesneverbecomecompletelytame.BysayingTheyaretherabbitsofthedomesticbirdworld,thewritermeansthatbothrabbitsandZebrafinches.A.havegoodabilitytobreed B.aredifficulttoberaisedC.livedelightfullives D.shareresponsibilitiesInparagraph3,thewordgestation'probablymeans.theperiodwheneggsremainfreshthetimewhenfinchesbuilduptheirnestandlayeggsthetimerequiredfortheparentstocreateanestthetimerequiredforbabybirdstodevelopandtobebornAccordingtothepassage,attributesofdomesticzebrafinchesinclude.theirrarenessandeasinesstobetamedtheirnest-building,sharingofresponsibilitiesanddelightfulpersonalitiestheirin-breeding,whichdoesnotcauseasmuchgeneticharmasinotherspeciesthefactthattheyarefromAustraliaandhavedifficultyinadaptingthemselves（C）“Doesmysmilelookbiginthis? ”Futurerfittinigrorsinclothingstorescouldsubtlyadjustyourreflectiontomakeyoulookandhencefeelhappier,encouragingyoutolikewhatyousee.That'stheideabehindtheEmotionEvokingSystemdevelopedbyShigeoYoshidaandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTokyoinJapan.Thesystemcanmanipulate,orinotherword,controlyouremotionsandpersonalpreferencesbypresentingyouwithanimageofyourownsmilingorfrowningface.Theprinciplethatphysiologicalchangescandriveemotionalonesthatlaughtercomesbeforehappiness,ratherthantheotherwayaroundisawell-establishedidea.Theresearcherswantedtoseeifthisideacouldbeusedtobuildacomputersystemthatmanipulateshowyoufeel.Thesystemworksbypresentingtheuserwithaweb-cameraimageofhisorherfaceasiftheywerelookinginamirror.Theimageisthensubtlyalteredwithsoftware,turningthecornersofthemouthupordownandchangingtheareaaroundtheeyes,sothatthepersonappearstosmileorfrown（皱眉）.Withouttellingthemtheaimofthestudy,theteamrecruited（招募）21volunteersandaskedthemtositinfrontofthescreenwhileperforminganunrelatedtask.Whenthetaskwascompletetheparticipantsratedhowtheyfelt.Whenthefacesonscreenappearedtosmile,peoplereportedthattheyfelthappier.Ontheotherhand,whentheimagewasgivenasadexpression,theyreportedfeelinglesshappy.

emotionalstateYoshidaandhiscolleaguestestedwhethermanipulatingthevolunteerswouldinfluencetheirpreferences.Eachpersonwasgivenascarftowearandagainpresentedwiththealteredwebcamimage.Thevolunteersthatsawthemselvessmilingwhilewearingthescarfweremorelikelytoreportthattheylikedit,andthosethatsawthemselvesnotsmilingwerelesslikely.emotionalstateThesystemcouldbeusedtomanipulateconsumers'impressionsofproducts,saytheresearchers.Forexample,mirrorsinclothing-storefittingroomscouldbereplacedwithscreensshowingalteredreflections.Theyalsosuggestpeoplemaybemorelikelytofindclothesattractiveiftheyseethemselveslookinghappywhiletryingthemon."It'scertainininterestingarea,“saysChrisCreedattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.Buthenotesthatusingsuchtechnologyinashopwouldbeharderthaninthelab,becausepeoplewilluseawiderangeofexpressions. "Attemptingtomakeslightdifferencestotheseandensuringthatthereflectedimagelooksbelievablewouldbemuchmorechallenging,“hesays.Ofcourse,therearealsoimportantmoralquestionssurroundingsuchsubtlymanipulativetechnology."Youcouldarguethatifitmakespeoplehappywhatharmisitdoing?”saysCreed."ButIcanimaginethatmanypeoplemayfeelmanipulated,uncomfortableandcheatediftheyfoundout. ”What'sthemainpurposeoftheEmotionEvokingSystem?Toseewhetherone'sfeelingcanbeunconsciouslyaffectToseewhetherone'sfacialexpressionscanbealtered.Toseewhetherlaughtercomesbeforehappiness.Toreplacethemirrorsinfutureclothing-storefittingrooms.Whatcanwelearnabouttheweb-cameraimageinthestudy?Itrecordedthevolunteers'performanceinthetask.Itgavethevolunteersafalseimage.Itattemptedtomakethevolunteersfeelhappier.Itbeautifiedthevolunteersappearanceinthemirror.WhatdoesCreedmentionasalimitationofthetechnology?Itonlychangestheareasaroundthemouthandtheeyes.Itonlyworksinclothingstores.Itonlymakessubtlechangestopeople'sexpressions.Itonlydealswithalimitednumberoffacialexpressions.WhatdoesCreed'scommentontheoralissueswiththistechnologyimply?Nothingismoreimportantthanhappiness.Technologyisunabletomanipulatepeople.Peopleshouldmaketheirdecisionsindependently.Peopleshouldneglecttheharmofthetechnology.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Whene-mailfirstcameintogeneraluseabouttwentyyearsago,therewasalotoftalkaboutthearrivalofthepaperlessoffice.However,itseemsthate-mailhasyettorevolutionizeofficecommunication.AccordingtocommunicationsanalystRichardMetcalf,someofficeshaveactuallyseenanincreaseinpaperasaresultofe-mail.aInformationintheformofe-mailmessagesnowfloodsourcomputerscreens.Thesemessagescanbesentsoquicklythatmemostendtobedistributedinthehundreds.Forthosesecretarieswhosebossesaskthemtoprintoutalltheire-mailsandleavethemintheirin-trays,thismeansusingupagreatdealofpapereverymonth,“Metcalfsays.Metcalfhasfoundthatbecausesomee-mailsgetlostincyberspace,importantdocumentsareincreasinglylikelytobeaskedbyclientsandcolleaguestosendallimportantdocumentsbothbye-mailandbyfax.Thishighlightsafurtherpotentialproblemwithe-mailintoday'sofficesitistakinguptimeratherthansavingit. -mail,commWnithaeonismucheasier,butthereisalsomoreroomformisunderstandings,sayspsychologistDrDavidLewis.Generally,muchlesscareistakenwithe-mailsthanwithlettersorfaxesandthesenderwillprobablyprintthedocumentandrereaditbeforeputtingitinanenvelopeorsendingitbyfax.Moreworryingisstilltheincreasingmisuseofe-mailforsending“flamemail”inappropriatee-mailmessages.Recentresearchinseveralcompaniessuggeststhataggressivecommunicationslikethisareontheincrease.E-mailhasbecometheperfectmediumforconveyingworkplacedissatisfactionbecauseitissoinstant.E-mailcanalsobeaprobleminotherways.Staffsalltoooftenmakethemistakeofthinkingthatthecontentsofthee-mail,likethingssaidoverthephone,areprivateandnotpermanent.Butitisnotonlypossibleforanemployertoreadallyoure-mails,itisalsoperfectlylegal.E-mailmessagescanbetracedbacktotheiroriginforaperiodofatleasttwoyears,soyoumightwanttorethinke-mailingyourdissatisfactionaboutyourbosstoyourfriends.Theadviceistokeeppersonale-mailsoutoftheoffice.(Note:Answerthequestionsor