考研考博-英语-杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Ascivilization（）inthedirectionoftechnology,itpassesthepointofsupplyingallthebasicessentialsoflife-food,shelterandclothes.

问题1选项

A.processes

B.precedes

C.proceed

D.exceeds

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A:process“加工，处理”；B:precede“领先”；C:proceed“行进”；D:exceed“超过”。句意：随着文明朝着科技的方向前进，它改变了生活最基本的要素——食物、住所和衣服。结合此处题干：朝着科技的方向，判断出C选项为正确答案。

2.单选题

Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;（

）,interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.

问题1选项

A.inaddition

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inshort

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inaddition此外B.incontrast与此相反

C.inturn依次；轮流；反过来D.inshort总之；简而言之

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】当老年人的活动受到限制时，他们的健康会受到不良影响；……扩大他们活动范围的干预措施可以促进他们的健康。由本句前后句句意可知，前后所表达意思相反，所以此处应填入B选项“与此相反”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项inaddition表此外的意思，而这里前后两部分表转折关系，A选项无法表示转折；

C选项inturn依次；轮流；反过来，当这个短语表示“反过来”时，多指前后两者相辅相成相互影响，该选项不表示相反的意思，和原文语境不符合；

D选项inshort总之；简而言之，不表达转折含义。

【句意】当老年人的活动受到限制时，他们的健康会受到不良影响；相反，增加他们活动范围的干预可以促进他们的健康。

3.单选题

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe______fromfalltowinter.

问题1选项

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项transmission“传动装置，传递，传送”，B项transformation“转化，转换，改革”，C项transition“过渡，转变”，D项transfer“转让，转接，移交”。根据关键信息fromfalltowinter“从秋天到冬天”可知，空格处填入transition“过渡”符合句子语境。句意：季节的变化有很多我喜欢的地方，但我最喜欢的时间是秋冬之交。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.单选题

IwishI（）toswimwhenI（）younger.

问题1选项

A.wastaught…hadbeen

B.weretaught…hadbeen

C.hadbeentaught…hadbeen

D.hadbeentaught…was

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish+宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。本句表达的是对过去的虚拟。句子应该用过去完成时，hadbeentaught，故排除A、B选项。时间状语说的是过去年轻的时候，所以要用过去时:was。句意：我希望在我年轻的时候学了游泳。因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。

5.单选题

（）andhardworkarethecornerstonesofthiscompany.

问题1选项

A.Mutilation

B.Innovation

C.Empire

D.Strength

【答案】B

【解析】语义题。句中and连接空格跟hardwork,因此B项innovation(创新，革新)正确。

6.单选题

Wehavebeenhearing______accountsofyourwork.

问题1选项

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。favored“有利的；收到优待的”；favorable“有利的；赞许的”；favorite“最喜爱的”；favoring“顺利的；有帮助的”。句意：我们一直在听……你工作的报道。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

问题1选项

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍住；preventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般与to搭配，意为“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法为restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。这里指克制住抽烟的冲动，所以选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Topreventrogueserversfrom______dataintransit,theserversthemselvesshouldbedigitallyauthenticatedbeforeanydataismovedbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.interfering

B.intercepting

C.interrupting

D.intervening

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项interfere“干扰”，B项intercept“拦截，窃听”，C项interrupt“中断，打断”，D项intervene“干涉，插入”。根据关键词rogueservers（流氓服务器）和data（数据）可知，空格部分表示“拦截”符合句意。句意：为了防止非法服务器拦截传输中的数据，在服务器之间移动任何数据之前，应该对服务器本身进行数字身份验证。因此，该题选择B项正确。

9.单选题

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

问题1选项

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B选项retirefrom“退休；退出；从……退休”；C选项examine“检查；调查；检测；考试”；D选项conquer“战胜，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公众的目光下成长的困难往往导致神童在成年之前就从成就的世界中退休；令人高兴的是，他们有时会在竞争中获胜。因此B选项正确。

10.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“legitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.英国是游说欧盟放松拟议数据保护规则的9个国家之一。此举将让日益担心其业务受到潜在影响的谷歌和社交网站“脸书”等美国科技公司松一口气，因为这些公司一直都担心它们的业务可能受到影响。

47.然而，这些规则的最终确定和实施可能需要数年时间。

48.欧盟的目标是为欧盟所有27个成员国建立一套统一的隐私标准，消除导致混乱的国家差异。

49.她在2012年1月公布了这一想法，她建议除非有合法理由保留这些数据，否则人们应该有能力要求公司在数据存储中删除关于他们的数据。

50.谷歌公司尤其对这个想法进行了激烈的游说反对，因为它会破坏它的数据存储并在历史记录中产生漏洞。

11.单选题

Manyyearsago,IwasinterviewingforaCIO(ChiefInformationOfficer)positionatBrownUniversity.HowardSwearer,thepresidentofBrownatthattime,askedme:“Whatisthegreatest（1）thatyouwouldbringtotheposition?”Ianswered:“Iammultilingual.”He（2）atmeforamoment,asifIhadlostmymindentirely.Iwentonto（3）thatIwascapableofeffectively（4）withfaculty,withstudents,withvendors,withtrustees,andwithotheradministrators.TheCIOneedstobeabletointeracteffectivelyandberespectedbyavarietyofaudiences.

Effectivenessofinteractionis（5）onwhetherornotanindividualcanunderstandthe（6）andproblemsbeingfacedbyaparticularuser.Thisistrueontheacademicsideofthehouse,whereoneneedstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist.Therearedifferent（7）fordatafiles,transmissionspeeds,andmanyotherITissuesthatdirectlyaffectthescholarshipofthesevaryingdisciplines.Theabilityto（8）someofthesescholarlyrequirementsis（9）tobeingviewedasapartnerintheacademicenterpriseratherthanjustassomebureaucratwhohas（10）fortheITenvironmentoncampus.

问题1选项

A.trength

B.news

C.possibility

D.change

问题2选项

A.nterviewed

B.stared

C.wondered

D.angered

问题3选项

A.nswer

B.explain

C.indicate

D.demonstrate

问题4选项

A.alking

B.speaking

C.cooperating

D.communicating

问题5选项

A.epended

B.based

C.resulted

D.taken

问题6选项

A.hocks

B.worries

C.questions

D.concerns

问题7选项

A.eeds

B.issues

C.elements

D.concerns

问题8选项

A.now

B.findout

C.lookfor

D.understand

问题9选项

A.pecial

B.inevitable

C.essential

D.required

问题10选项

A.oncerns

B.worries

C.responsibility

D.confidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

【解析】1.名词辨析。strength力量,优势;news新闻,消息;possibility可能性,可能发生的事物;change变化,找回的零钱。根据下文中的回答"Iammultilingual(我能使用多种语言)”可知A符合句意。

2.固定搭配。此处句意为:他盯了我一会儿,似乎我已完全神志不清。Stareat凝视,盯住。

3.动词辨析。此处句意为:我继续解释…。answer回答;explain说明,解释;indicate表明,指出,预示;demonstrate证明,展示。故选B。

4.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。此处句意为:首席信息官需要能与各种受众进行有效的交流且被后者尊敬。talk谈话;speak说话,演讲;cooperate合作,配合;communicate通讯,相通,交流。故选D。

5.固定搭配。此处句意为:互动的有效性建立在此基础上:一个人能否懂得特定使用者面临的……和问题。bebasedon建立在…基础上。

6.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。shock休克,震惊,震动;worry担心,烦恼;question问题,疑问,询问;concern关系,关心,担心,忧虑。And连接空格和problems(问题),因此推测D项符合句意。

7.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。need需求,要求;issue问题,发布;element元素,成分;concern关系,关心。空格前句意为:这在学院的学术方面是真实的,在这里一个人需要其懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题。由此可知A项符合句意。

8.逻辑分析。know知道,认识,懂得;findout査明,发现;lookfor寻找,understand理解,懂得。前面句子指出:needstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist(需要懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题),因此此处表示:理解这些学术需要的能力,因此D项符合句意。

9.短语辨析。由空格后“viewedasapartnerintheacademicenterprise被认为是学术事业上的合作者”的对应知这里指代“必不可少的能力”,beessentialtobeing是必不可少的,故选C。其他搭配为:bespecialto是…所特有的;beinevitableto是不可避免的;berequiredto被要求。

10.名词辨析。句意:理解这些学术要求的能力对于被视为学术企业的合作伙伴来说是非常重要的,而不仅仅是一些对校园IT环境负责的官僚。因此C项“责任,职责,义务”正确。

12.单选题

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

问题1选项

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”；harass“扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle“诘问，责问”；harbor“庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。

13.写作题

Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakesomecoursesoutsidehisorherfieldofstudybecauseacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducated.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Universityissuchaplacewhereonecangetknowledgeneededinlife.Afterenteringuniversity,everystudentisaskedtochooseaspecificmajor,andthenstudycourseswithintherestrictedfield.However,ifastudentwantstobetrulyeducated,heshouldtakesomecoursesoutsidehisfieldofstudyforacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducated.Forme,Iprefertochooseawiderangesubjectsincollegeandthefollowingreasonsexplainmyopinion.

Firstandforemost,theultimategoalofcollegeeducationistotrainqualifiedtalentsforourcountry'smodernization.Withthedevelopmentofsocialtechnology,requirementsofeachpositionarebecominghighandhigh.Knowledgeofonesinglemajorcannotsatisfymostpositions'requirementandtheinformationofmanyotheraspectsisneeded.Sostudentsshouldstudycoursesrelatedtotheindustrytheymaybeengagedin,makingagoodpreparationfortheirfuturedevelopment.Moreover,collegeisnotonlyatrainingcampforjobs,butalsoaplatformforstudents'comprehensivedevelopment.Thereisnodoubtthatlearningdifferentcourseswillmakestudentsmuchmoreexcellent.Soeveryuniversityshouldofferthestudentsavarietyofcoursessothatthestudentshavetheopportunitytocontactdifferentfields.Lastbutnottheleast,generalcoursesarebenefitforstudentswhodon'tknowtheirinterestsorwhodonothaveinterestsatpresent.Differentcourseswouldinspirestudent'sinterestsinacertainsubject.

Inspiteofthereasonsabove,however,takingtoomanycoursesoutsidetheirownfieldsmayalsodistractcollegestudentsfromtheirownmajorstudy.Tosumup,universitiesshouldtrytoofferenoughchancesforstudentstotouchcoursesoutsidethestudent'smajor,thedecisionshouldbefallentostudentsthemselves.

14.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

问题1选项

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，却做了。句意：早知道是个小型家庭聚会，我们本不必穿这么正式。因此A选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.outofthequestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofquestion

【答案】A

【解析】介词短语辨析题。A选项outofthequestion“不可能的”B选项;withinquestion“在….的问题”；C选项withoutquestion“毫无疑问，确凿无疑”，用作副词；D选项outofquestion“毫无疑问”，用作副词。根据句意‘在两个党派之间如此的对抗之后，任何和解都将是不可能的。’只有A选项可以用作形容词作be的表语，正确。

16.单选题

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

问题1选项

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非谓语动词的用法。A选项interpreting动词的分词形式，表示主动；B选项beinginterpreted动词被动语态的分词形式；C选项tobeinterpreted动词被动语态的不定式，表示将来或打算；D选项interpreted动词的过去分词。句意：最重要的是，这说明了经济、社会、政治变化如何发挥作用，从而，正确理解应该是，…分析句子可知空格前的内容与interpret之间为被动关系，且应该是过去发生，而不是正在发生或将要发生，D选项正确。

17.单选题

Heisoneofthemostactive（）intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.

问题1选项

A.inhabitants

B.descendants

C.participants

D.tenants

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inhabitant“居民；居住者”；B选项descendant“后裔；子孙”；C选项participant“参与者”；D选项tenant“承租人；房客；佃户”。句意：他是学生会课外活动最积极的参与者之一。结合句意，判断出选项C正确。

18.单选题

Ihavesaidthatallbranchesofknowledgeareconnectedtogether,becausethesubject-matterofknowledgeisintimatelyunitedinitself[...].HenceitisthattheSciences,intowhichourknowledgemaybesaidtobecast,havemultiplebearingsononeanother,andaninternalsympathy,andadmit,orratherdemand,comparisonandadjustment.Theycomplete,correct,andbalanceeachother.Thisconsideration,ifwell-founded,mustbetakenintoaccount,notonlyasregardstheattainmentoftruth,whichistheircommonend,butasregardstheinfluencewhichtheyexerciseuponthosewhoseeducationconsistsinthestudyofthem.Ihavealreadysaidthattogiveundueprominencetooneistobeunjusttoanother;toneglectorsupersedetheseistodivertthosefromtheirproperobjects.Itistounsettletheboundarylinesbetweenscienceandscience,todisturbtheiraction,todestroytheharmonywhichbindsthemtogether.Suchaproceedingwillhavecorrespondingeffectwhenintroducedintoaplaceofeducation.Thereisnosciencebuttellsadifferenttale,whenviewedasaportionofawhole,fromwhatitislikelytosuggestwhentakenbyitself,withoutthesafeguard,asImaycallit,ofothers.

Letmemakeuseofanillustration.Inthecombinationofcolors,verydifferenteffectareproducedbyadifferenceintheirselectionandjuxtaposition;red,green,andwhitechangetheirshades,accordingtothecontrasttowhichtheyaresubmitted.And,inlikemanner,thedriftandmeaningofabranchofknowledgevarieswiththecompanyinwhichitisintroducedtothestudent.Ifhisreadingisconfinedsimplytoonesubject,howeversuchdivisionoflabormayfavortheadvancementofaparticularpursuit,apointintowhichIdonothereenter,certainlyithasatendencytocontracthismind.Ifitisincorporatedwithothers,itdependsonthoseothersastothekindofinfluencethatitexertsuponhim.ThustheClassics,whichinEnglisharethemeansofrefiningthetaste,haveinFrancesub-servedthespreadofrevolutionaryanddeisticaldoctrines.[...]Inalikemanner,Isuppose,ArcesilaswouldnothavehandledlogicasAristotle,norAristotlehavecriticizedpoetsasPlato;yetreasoningandpoetryaresubjecttoscientificroles.

ItisagreatpointthentoenlargetherangeofstudieswhichaUniversityprofesses,evenforthesakeofthestudents;and,thoughtheycannotpursueeverysubjectwhichisopentothem,theywillbethegainersbylivingamongthoseandunderthosewhorepresentthewholecircle.ThisIconceivetobetheadvantageofaseatofuniversallearning,consideredasaplaceofeducation.Anassemblageoflearnedmen,zealousfortheirownsciences,andrivalsofeachother,arebrought,byfamiliarintercourseandforthesakeofintellectualpeace,toadjusttogethertheclaimsandrelationsoftheirrespectivesubjectsofinvestigation.Theylearntorespect,toconsultandtoaideachother.Thusiscreatedapureandclearatmosphereofthought,whichthestudentalsobreathes,thoughinhisowncaseheonlypursuesafewsciencesoutofthemultitude.Heprofitsbyanintellectualtradition,whichisindependentofparticularteachers,whichguideshiminhischoiceofsubjects,anddulyinterpretsforhimthosewhichhechooses.

Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.Henceitisthathiseducationiscalled“Liberal”.Ahabitofmindisformedwhichlaststhroughlife,ofwhichtheattributesare,freedom,equitableness,calmness,moderation,andwisdom;orwhatinaformerdiscourseIhaveventuredtocallaphilosophicalhabit.ThisthenIwouldassignasthespecialfruitoftheeducationfurnishedataUniversity,ascontrastedwithotherplacesofteachingormodesofteaching.ThisisthemainpurposeofaUniversityinitstreatmentofitsstudents.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（）.

2.BytheSciences(line2),theauthormeans（）.

3.Theword“exercise”inline7mostnearlymeans（）.

4.Byusingthewordsafeguardinline13,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

5.Thepurposeofthesecondparagraphisto（）.

6.Thewordapprehendsasusedinlines39means（）.

7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sideaofaliberaleducation?

8.Theauthorbelievesthatauniversityshould（）.

Ⅰ.havefacultyrepresentingawiderangeofsubjectsandphilosophies

Ⅱ.teachstudentshowtoseetherelationshipsamongideas

Ⅲ.teachstudentstounderstandandrespectotherpointsofview

Ⅳ.teachstudentsliberalratherthanconservativeideals

问题1选项

A.eachscienceshouldbestudiedindependently

B.thesciencesareinterrelated

C.theboundarylinesbetweeneachofthesciencesshouldbeclearer

D.itisdifficulttoattainaproperbalanceamongthesciences

问题2选项

A.thephysicalsciencesonly

B.educationalmethodologies

C.thephysicalandsocialsciences

D.allbranchesofknowledge,includingthephysicalandsocialsciencesandthehumanities

问题3选项

A.remove

B.compete

C.impose

D.arrange

问题4选项

A.eachsciencehasitsownspecificsafetyguidelines

B.itisnotsafetostudythesciences

C.themoreoneknows,thesaferonewillfeel

D.oneshouldchooseasecondareaofspecializationasabackupincasethefirstdoesnotworkout

问题5选项

A.compareandcontrastdifferentbranchesofknowledge

B.developtheideapresentedinthepreviousparagraph

C.statethemainideaofthepassage

D.presentanalternativepointofview

问题6选项

A.understands

B.captures

C.fears

D.believes

问题7选项

A.In-depthspecializationinonearea.

B.Anemphasisontheartsratherthanthesciences.

C.Abroadscopeofknowledgeinseveraldisciplines.

D.Trainingforascientificcareer.

问题8选项

A.IandIIonly

B.I,II,andIII

C.IandIV

D.IVonly

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，“Ihavesaidthatallbranchesofknowledgeareconnectedtogether,becausethesubject-matterofknowledgeisintimatelyunitedinitself”，作者认为所有的知识分支都是相互联系的，因为知识的主题本身是紧密相连的。此句为第一段的中心句，可判断出第一段的中心思想为科学知识之间是相互联系的。选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第一段，“HenceitisthattheSciences,intowhichourknowledgemaybesaidtobecast,havemultiplebearingsononeanother,andaninternalsympathy,andadmit,orratherdemand,comparisonandadjustment.”，我们的知识所涉及的各种科学，彼此之间有多重关系，有一种内在承认，要求，比较和调整关系。可判断出这里的sciences指各种科学知识分支，包括自然科学、人文科学和社会科学。选项D符合题意。

3.词义题。根据章第一段，“…theinfluencewhichtheyexerciseuponthosewhoseeducationconsistsinthestudyofthem.”，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词influence，构成搭配关系exerciseupontheinfluence“对……造成影响”。Remove“移除”；compete“竞争”；impose“强加”；arrange“安排”。选项C符合题意。

4.词义题。根据第一段最后一句，“Thereisnosciencebuttellsadifferenttale,whenviewedasaportionofawhole,fromwhatitislikelytosuggestwhentakenbyitself,withoutthesafeguard,asImaycallit,ofothers.”，当把每种科学看成整体的一部分时，在其他学科并未采取保护措施的情况下，每一门科学都是不同的。可判断出作者提到的safeguard意思是每种科学都有自己特定的保护措施。选项A符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Letmemakeuseofanillustration.”，可知第二段的目的是进行相关的例证，下文主要用大量的例子来证明了第一段的观点——科学的知识分支是相互联系的，但是各科学之间有各自的保护措施，使其内容存在差别。可判断出第二段的目的在于发展和继续探讨第一段提出的观点。选项B符合题意。

6.词义题。根据文章最后一段，“Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.”，apprehends后接的内容为知识的原则、范围、亮点、重点等，能与知识的这些方面构成一致意思的为apprehends“理解”。Understands“理解”；captures“捕捉”；fears“恐惧”；believes“相信”。相信A符合题意。

7.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段第一二句，“Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.Henceitisthathiseducationiscalled‘Liberal’.”，他的教育被称为“Liberal”，要理解知识的概要、基础原则、范围、亮点与不足、重点与次重点，否则就不能真正理解知识。可判断出他所谓的“liberaleducation”必须要对知识有深入的了解，也就是某一领域的专业理解。选项A符合题意。

8.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“ItisagreatpointthentoenlargetherangeofstudieswhichaUniversityprofesses,evenforthesakeofthestudents;and,thoughtheycannotpursueeverysubjectwhichisopentothem,theywillbethegainersbylivingamongthoseandunderthosewhorepresentthewholecircle.”，至于大学教育，要扩大学生学习和研究的范围，尽管学生们不能追求所有开放的主题，但是却能受到代表某个知识专业领域的人的影响，并且受益。可判断出作者认为大学应该拥有代表广泛学科和哲学领域的教职工。根据下文，“….toadjusttogethertheclaimsandrelationsoftheirrespectivesubjectsofinvestigation.Theylearntorespect,toconsultandtoaideachother.”，学生们能够调整他们各自的研究学科之间的关系，并且他们要学会尊重、协商和互相帮助。可判断出作者认为大学应该教学生们去正确看待各种思想之间的关系并且尊重其他人的观点和看法。所以I,II和III都是作者认为一所大学应该具备的要求。选项B符合题意。

19.翻译题

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,anditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontraction(收缩)ofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisstillremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexp