《新视野英语知识讲义》book4unit5b

Unit5Readthetextindetail.YoucanrefertoTranslationandLanguagePointswhennecessary.00:0000:00A+■LanguacepointsA-LanguacepointsTranslationBackgroundinformationCulturemakesthebusinessworldgoroundEdwardHall,aleaderinthefieldofinterculturalstudies,famouslysaid:"Thesinglegreatestbarriertobusinesssuccessistheoneerectedbyculture."GCanculturaldifferenceshaveasbiganimpactoninternationalbusinessventuresasfinancialplanningandvisionaryleadership?Thesurprisingansweris:Yes!

Agoodexampleistheroleofrelationshipsinbusinessdealings.WhilerelationshipsplayonlyaminorroleinUSbusinessculture,theyplayamajorroleinAsian,African,andMiddleEasterncountries.-Inthesecultures,invaryingdegrees,relationshipbuildingislikeatorchthatlightsandguidesthewayforbusinesstooccur.Let'staketheexampleofKevinJohnston,aseniorvice-presidentofaUScompanyspecializinginhospitalitymanagement.KevinwasputinchargeoffinalizingamergerwithacompanyintheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),必Virtuallyallofthecomplicatednegotiationshadbeencompleted.Whatremainedwasa3-daytriptotheUAEforface-to-facemeetingsbetweenthepartnerstosignthepaperworkandclosethedeal.Kevinwasdeterminedthatnothingwoulddetainhimfromsucceeding.Hesentoutamemorandumacrosshiscompany,enthusiasticallydescribingtheplannedmergerwiththeUAEpartners.CSHavingcompiledallthenecessarydocumentsandgraphs,witheveryfigureanddecimalinplace,andhavingpreparedathoroughexpositioncertifyingthequalityofhiscompany,hepackedhisbriefcaseandheadedfortheUAE.KevinarrivedintheUAEexcitedtosealthedeal.0Hewastreatedwithextraordinaryhospitality:anelaboratehotel,blueribbonfoods,elegantconvertibleswithdriverstotourthecity,aparadeofentertainment,andbeautifulgiftstocommemoratethevisit.Hetriedrepeatedlytobringouthisfiles,opentheconversationandgetdowntobusiness.But,surprisingly,forthethreedayshespentintheUAE,noneofhisEmiratecolleaguesseemedreadytohearhisfinancialbriefing.EachtimeKevintriedtospeakaboutthedeal,hisprospectivepartnersseemedto"kidnap"theconversation,divertingittoothertopics.Theywouldinquireabouthishealth,hisfamilyorhisviewsoneducationandotherimportantissues.2UponleavingtheUAE,Kevinfeltexasperatedanddefeated.®Hehadn'tbeenabletoreceivethethoroughinterrogationofthematerialsforwhichhe

hadsocarefullyprepared.HisprogresstowardclosingthedealwasexactlywhereitwaswhenhelefttheUS:nil.iTheabovecaseisaclassicexampleofhowafrictionbetweendifferentculturalexpectationscausesdelaythat,ifnothandledappropriately,w川bringthedealtoanabruptendandleavebothsidesreeling.(Thesubstantiallossofrevenuecanneverberefundedandcanleaveastrugglingcompanyfallingwithoutaparachute.Kevinmadethemistakeofassumingthatthe"certifications"involvedinsealingthedealwereinhisbriefcase.Hechargedintothemeetingslikeabull.Formanycultures,aperson'scertificationsareestablishednotonlybytheiraccomplishments,theireducationandabilities,butalsobymorepersonalconnections.Olnthiscase,theUAEpartnerswantedtoknowifKevinwasagoodman,afamilyman,atrustworthyman.Thistypeofratingestablishesatrustingrelationshipforthem.GHadKevinpatientlytakenthetimetoestablishrelationships,hewouldlikelyhavebeenaskedtosharehiscarefullyprepareddocumentsandhaveclosedthedeal.Sociologistsagreethatanotherkeyaspectinfluencingglobalbusinessistheconceptofface.Cross-culturaldifferencesinthewaywesavefaceimpactourperceptionsoftrustandrespect,whichinturnimpactourrelationshipsandgroupcohesion.助FaketheexampleofAnn,aUSmanagerwhotookareactionaryapproachtoculturaldifferences.CAnnthoughtbeinganomineefortheleadershippositionwithasalesteambasedinSingaporewasaclimaxofhercareer.Anntriedtoestablishaworkingrelationshipwitheachteammember.Afterafewweeksofworkingonteamunificationandsolidarity,presentingguidelines,andofferingsalesadvice,shecarefullycompartmentalizedgoalsforeachmemberofthesalesteam.囱Later,whentheteamconvenedface-to-facefortheirfirstquarterlyreviewmeeting,Ann,afterpraisingaChineseteammember,boldlycriticizedandquestionedaKorean,tryingtoextracttheexactreasonwhyhewas

laggingsofarbehindonhisgoals.05Themeetingimmediatelylostitsgroove.Theentiregroupbecamesolemnand,fortherestofthemeeting,remainedpolitebutlargelymute.Clearly,Annwasnotfamiliarwiththeconceptofsavingfaceinothercultures.InUSculture,savingfaceexists—butonlyminimally,andtactfulbutstraightforwardspeechishighlyvalued.USmanagersroutinelyspeakfreelyaboutsomeoneelse'saccomplishmentsorfailuresinopen,publicsettings,suchasduringmeetings.ThisisdifferentinAsiancultures.Singlingoutanindividualduetopraiseorcriticism,adailyhabitamongstAmericanmanagers,maycauseAsianstobecomeuncomfortableordeeplyembarrassed.Annneedstoconsidermoreculturallyappropriatewaystosupportandmotivateherteam.Providingfeedback,especiallynegativefeedback,inmoreprivatesettingswillbehelpful.Mostofall,sheshouldworkongivingmorecourteousandsupportivepraiseandencouragement,whichwillhelpmovetowardtheunificationandcohesionthathighfunctioningteamsneedinordertobesuccessful.2Aroundtheworld,deeperstructuressuchasrelationshipbuildingandfacesavingareembeddedinthevalues,beliefsandbehaviorofaculture.Theyaremuchhardertounderstandthantheglossaryoftermsinanyculture'slanguagephrasebook.GTheadviceis:Alwaysaskforclarificationandseeknewinsights.Forbusinesssuccess,itisessentialtolearntomediatethesedeeperculturaldifferences.Thoughitmaybealittlecomplicatedtoincorporatethemintoyourwayofthinkingandcommunicating,itiswellworththeeffort!Translation文化推动商业世界的运转1爱徳华•霍尔是跨文化研究领域的著名学者。他曾说过一句名言:“商业成功的最大障碍是由文化竖立的障碍。”对国际企业来说,文化差异难道真的和财务规划及前瞻性领导有着同样大的影响吗?答案是出人意料的:的确如此!

2ー个很好的例子,人际关系在生意往来中所起的作用。尽管人际关系在美国商业文化中作用不大,但在亚洲、非洲及中东国家却十分重要。在这些文化中,人际关系的经营在不同程度上就好像是照亮和引导生意征程的火炬。3让我们以美国一家酒店管理公司高级副总裁凯文•约翰斯顿的故事为例说明。凯文被指派负责敲定与阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）一家公司的合并事宜。几乎所有复杂的谈判均已完成，剩下的就是花三天时间前往阿联酋与对方面谈，以签署协议文件并完成整个交易。4凯文坚信,任何事情都不会阻碍他此行成功完成任务。他给公司上下发了一份备忘录,热情洋溢地描述了与阿联酋方面的这ー合并计划。在他整理好了所有必备的文件和乃至数据及小数点都精确到位的各种图表，并准备了一份证明公司资质的详尽说明后，他就装好了公文包,奔赴阿联酋。5凯文到了阿联酋，对于此行来完成这项交易感到兴奋无比。他受到了超规格的殷勤接待:奢华的宾馆、一流的佳肴、配有专职司机的优雅的敞篷车带他游览全城、接连不断的娱乐活动、精美的纪念品。他多次试图取出带来的文件资料，想打开话题谈生意,但奇怪的是，在他停留的三天里,阿联酋的同仁们却好像没有一个人愿意听他准备的财务情况简介。每当凯文试图谈及交易时，有望成为合作伙伴的对方似乎总是“绑架”谈话内容，岔开话题。他们会转而询问他的健康、他的家人，或他对教育和其他重要问题的看法。6离开阿联酋时，凯文感到既恼火又丧气。对于自己精心准备的材料，他根本就无法获得对方的详细询问。至于完成这项交易的计划，则与他离开美国时毫无二致:零进展。7上述例子很经典,它说明了不同文化期望值之间的冲突会如何导致延误。这种延误若未能恰当处理的话,就会使ー笔生意戛然中断,让双方都不知所措。所造成的巨大的收入损失永远无法弥补,甚至还会让一家在困境中挣扎的公司突然倒闭,就像没用降落伞从高空坠落ー样,毫无缓冲。8凯文错误地以为,生意成交只要靠自己公文包中的各种证明文件就行。他风风火火地去参加会谈,就像ー头误打误撞的公牛。但对于很多文化来说,ー个人确立自己的资质不仅要靠业绩、教育背景或个人能力，而且要靠更多的人际交往。在这一例子中，阿联酋合作伙伴很想知道的是,凯文是不是个好人，是不是个顾家和值得信赖的人。对他们而言,这种评判能够确立双方之间的信任关系。如果凯文当初能够花些时间耐心地去经营一下双方关系的话,他们也许就会让他介绍一下精心准备的材料并完成交易了。9社会学家一致认为,影响国际商务的另ー关键因素是“面子”。在“顾面子”的方式上，跨文化差异会影响我们对信任和尊重的看法,而这种看法反过来又会影响人们之间的关系和团队凝聚カ。10以一位叫安的美国经理为例。安对文化差异采取了一种保守策略。她被提名为ー个设于新加坡的销售团队的领导，她将此看作自己事业的ー个顶峰。安努力和每一位团队成员都建立良好的工作关系。她花了数周时间致カ于建立团队的统一性与凝聚カ、介绍工作原则、提出销售建议，之后她为销售团队的每位成员精心设定了分块目标。11过了一段时间,在团队举行的面对面的首次季度工作总结例会上，安称赞了一位中国成员，而后毫不留情地批评并质询了一位韩国成员,试图找出他比别人落后许多的确切原

因。会议立刻偏离了常规程序。整个团队变得严肃沉闷,而且在会议剩下的时间里,虽然大家都谦恭有礼,但大多数时候却沉默不言。12显然，安对其他文化中“顾面子”这一概念并不熟悉。在美国文化中,的确也存在着“顾面子”ー说，但其影响微乎其微。更受推崇的是机智老练而又直截了当的谈话。美国经理人惯常于在公共场合，如在会议上，自由谈论其他人的成就或败绩。这和亚洲文化有所不同。对美国经理人来说，把某人单独挑出来予以夸奖或批评是日常性的做法,但对亚洲人来说,这样做会使他们觉得不自在或甚为尴尬。13安需要考虑的是，要采取在文化上更加恰当的方式来支持和激发她的团队。如果要给成员提反馈意见，尤其是负面意见的话，那么在私人场合进行会更有帮助。最为重要的是,她应该努力给出ー些更加客气、更具支持性的赞扬和鼓励，这样才能使团队更加团结，更加具有凝聚カ，而这也是ー个高效运作的团队取得成功所必需的。14在世界各地，人际关系经营及颜面顾及这类更深层次的文化结构都是根植于该文化所具有的价值观、信仰和行为之中的。它们比任何一种文化的词语汇编里所列出的术语都更难理解。我的建议是:随时向对方询问,以得到ー个明晰的解释和新的理解。为了取得商业成功，学会协调这些更深层次的文化差异是极其重要的。尽管将它们融入自己的思维方式和人际交往有点复杂，但这样的努力是非常值得的!LanguagepointsEdwardHall,aleaderinthefieldofinterculturalstudies,famouslysaid:nThesinglegreatestbarriertobusinesssuccessistheoneerectedbyculture.1,(Para.1)Meaning:EdwardHall,whoisaleadingscholarintheresearchofcommunicationbetweendifferentcultures,oncegaveawell-knownstatement.Hesaidthatthegreatestdifficultyinachievingbusinesssuccesswasthedifficultycausedbyculturaldifferences,intercultural:a.relatingtoortakingplacebetweentwoormorecultures不同文化间的;跨文化的Thewebsiteaimstopromoteinterculturalunderstanding.该网站旨在促进不同文化之间的相互理解。Canculturaldifferenceshaveasbiganimpactoninternationalbusinessventuresasfinancialplanningandvisionaryleadership?Thesurprisingansweris:Yes!(Para.1)Meaning:Cantheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesoninternationalbusinessactivitiesbeassignificantasarefinancialplanningandtheabilitytoleadandpredictfuturedevelopments?Itissurprisingthattheansweris“yes”.

Agoodexampleistheroleofrelationshipsinbusinessdealings.(Para.2)Meaning:Agoodexampleoftheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesishowtheroleofinterpersonalrelationshipsinbusinessactivitiesvariesbetweendifferentcultures,dealing:n..(~s)[pl.]thebusinessactivitiesorthegeneralrelationshipthatyouhavewithanotherpersonororganization商业活动;商业往来We*vehadnodealingswiththeircompanyforyears.我们已经有数年与他们公司无生意往来了。.[U]theactivityofbuying,selling,ordoingbusinesswithpeople买卖;交易A45-year-oldmanwaschargedwithdrugdealingafterbeingcaughtwith10packagesofcocaineTuesdaynight.周二晚上,一名45岁的男子携带10包可卡因被抓,后被控进行毒品交易。Inthesecultures,invaryingdegrees,relationshipbuildingislikeatorchthatlightsandguidesthewayforbusinesstooccur.(Para.2)Meaning:Inthesecultures,thebuildingofgoodrelationshipsisimportant,moreorlesslikeatorchwhichdirectsandguidespeopletodobusinesssuccessfully.KevinwasputinchargeoffinalizingamergerwithacompanyintheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE).(Para.3)Meaning:KevinwasassignedtoberesponsibleforcompletingthefinalmattersrelatedtothemergingofhiscompanywithacompanyintheUnitedArabEmirates.Virtuallyallofthecomplicatednegotiationshadbeencompleted.Whatremainedwasa3-daytriptotheUAEforface-to-facemeetingsbetweenthepartnerstosignthepaperworkandclosethedeal.(Para.3)Meaning:Almostalltheworkrelatedtothecomplicatednegotiationsbetweenthetwocompanieshadbeenfinished.WhatwasleftforKevintodowastotakea3-daytriptotheUnitedArabEmirates.Duringthetrip,hewouldmeettheUAEpartnersfacetofacetosignthedocumentsandcompletethedeal.

Kevinwasdeterminedthatnothingwoulddetainhimfromsucceeding.(Para.4)Meaning:Kevinfirmlybelievedthathewouldfulfillhistask,andthatnothingwouldstophimfromachievingthisgoal.Meaningbeyondwords:Kevinwasconfidentthathecouldcompletethedealwithoutdifficulty.Hesentoutamemorandumacrosshiscompany,enthusiasticallydescribingtheplannedmergerwiththeUAEpartners.(Para.4)Meaning:Hesentoutanotetoallpeopleinhiscompany.Inthenote,hedescribedthemergertobecompletedwiththeUAEcompanywithgreatinterestandpassion.Havingcompiledallthenecessarydocumentsandgraphs,witheveryfigureanddecimalinplace,andhavingpreparedathoroughexpositioncertifyingthequalityofhiscompany,hepackedhisbriefcaseandheadedfortheUAE.(Para.4)Meaning:Kevingatheredandorganizedallthenecessarydocumentsaswellaschartsanddrawingsthatcontainedaccuratefiguresandnumbers.Healsopreparedadetailedpresentationtoshowthathiscompanyhadtheabilitytomakethedeal.Afterallthiswasdone,heputeverythingintohisbriefcaseandsetoffonthetriptotheUAE.headfor:goortraveltowardaparticularplace,esp.inadeliberateway朝…行进;向...去Themanbackedawayslowly,headingforthedoor,那个人慢慢地朝着门的方向后退。KevinarrivedintheUAEexcitedtosealthedeal.(Para.5)Meaning:KevingottotheUAE,feelingexcitedtocompletethedeal,sealthe/adeal:这个词组和第3段中closethedeal的意思和用法相同。Hewastreatedwithextraordinaryhospitality:anelaboratehotel,blueribbonfoods,elegantconvertibleswithdriverstotourthecity,aparadeofentertainment,andbeautifulgiftstocommemoratethevisit.(Para.5)Meaning:TheUAEpartnerswelcomedhimwithgreatfriendlinessandwarmth.Theyprovidedhimwithabeautifulhotel,first-ratefoods,elegantcarswithdriverstotakehimtoseethecity,aseriesofentertainment,andbeautifulgiftsforhimtokeepasmemoriesofthevisit.

Hetriedrepeatedlytobringouthisfiles,opentheconversationandgetdowntobusiness.But,surprisingly,forthethreedayshespentintheUAE,noneofhisEmiratecolleaguesseemedreadytohearhisfinancialbriefing.(Para.5)Meaning:Hetriedagainandagaintotakeouthisdocuments,startthetalk,anddealwiththeirbusinessissues.But,tohissurprise,forallofthethreedayswhenhestayedintheUAE,itseemedthatnoneofhisEmiratepartnerswantedtohearthefinancialinformationhehadplannedtopresent.EachtimeKevintriedtospeakaboutthedeal,hisprospectivepartnersseemedto"kidnap"theconversation,divertingittoothertopics.(Para.5)Meaning:WheneverKevinwantedtotalkaboutbusiness,itseemedthatthepeoplefromtheUAEcompanywouldtakecontrolovertheconversationandchangethetopictosomethingnotrelatedtotheirdealatall.UponleavingtheUAE,Kevinfeltexasperatedanddefeated.(Para.6)Meaning:WhenhelefttheUAE,Kevinfeltangryanddisappointedthathefailedtocompletethedeal.Hehadn'tbeenabletoreceivethethoroughinterrogationofthematerialsforwhichhehadsocarefullyprepared.HisprogresstowardclosingthedealwasexactlywhereitwaswhenhelefttheUS:nil.(Para.6)Meaning:Hedidn'thaveachancetolettheUAEcompanyexamineandaskquestionsaboutthematerialshehadcarefullyprepared.Bythetimethetripended,hehadnotmadeanyprogressincompletingtheagreement.HisworkwasatthesamestageaswhenhelefttheUS.Meaningbeyondwords:KevincompletelyfailedtoachievehisgoalalthoughhewasconfidentwhenhelefttheUS.Hepreparedvariousdocumentscarefully,butdidnotevenhaveachancetotalkaboutthemwiththeUAEcompany.Theabovecaseisaclassicexampleofhowafrictionbetweendifferentculturalexpectationscausesdelaythat,ifnothandledappropriately,willbringthedealto

anabruptendandleavebothsidesreeling.(Para.7)Meaning:Theexamplegivenaboveistypicaloftheconflictsbetweendifferentculturalexpectations.Suchconflictscancauseadelaywhich,ifnotdealtwithproperly,willmakeabusinessrelationshipendsuddenlyandleavebothsidesconfusedaboutwhythishashappened.friction:该词表达“不和;分歧;摩擦”之义时,常用于词组fridtionbetween/withsb.中,如:Borderclasheshaveledtoincreasedfrictionbetweenthetwocountries.边界冲突导致了两国之间的不和日益加剧。Duetogenerationgaps,itiscommonthatparentsexperiencefrictionwiththeirteenagechildren.因为代沟的存在,父母和十多岁的子女之间有摩擦很正常。Thesubstantiallossofrevenuecanneverberefundedandcanleaveastrugglingcompanyfallingwithoutaparachute.(Para.7)Meaning:Thefailuretohandleculturaldifferenceseffectivelycausesacompanytolosealargeamountofprofitwhichcanneverbemadeup.Itcanevencauseacompanythatisalreadyinadifficultsituationtoclosedownwithoutanyprotection.KevinmadethemistakeofassumingthattheHcertificationsMinvolvedinsealingthedealwereinhisbriefcase.Hechargedintothemeetingslikeabull.(Para.8)Meaning:Kevinwaswrongbecausehethoughtthedocumentshehadpreparedbeforethetripwereallheneededtocompletethedeal.Herushedtothemeetingslikeabull,quicklyandcarelessly,beingunawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenAmericaandtheUAE.Inthiscase,theUAEpartnerswantedtoknowifKevinwasagoodman,afamilyman,atrustworthyman.Thistypeofratingestablishesatrustingrelationshipforthem.(Para.8)Meaning:Inthiscase,peopleintheEmiratescompanywantedtoknowifKevinwasagoodman,amanwhocaresabouthisfamily,andamanwhocanbetrusted.Tothem,thiskindofevaluationofKevinhelpsbuildarelationshipinwhichtheycantrusteachother,trustworthy:a.abletobetrustedanddependedon值得信赖的;可信的;可靠的Heappearedtrustworthy,butexperiencetoldmethatpeopleweren*talwayswhattheyseemed.他看起来很可靠,但经验告诉我,人们并不总是像他们看上去的那样。

HadKevinpatientlytakenthetimetoestablishrelationships,hewouldlikelyhavebeenaskedtosharehiscarefullyprepareddocumentsandhaveclosedthedeal.(Para.8)Meaning:IfKevinhadhadthepatiencetospendsometimeinbuildingtheirrelationships,hewouldpossiblyhavebeenaskedtotalkaboutthedocumentshehadcarefullyprepared,andasaresult,hewouldpossiblyhavesettledtheirbusiness.Meaningbeyondwords:KevindidnotspendtimeonbuildingrelationshipsthatwerenecessarytoestablishtrustbetweenhimandtheUAEpartner.Asaresult,hefailedtoachievethegoalofhistrip,i.e.tocompletetheagreementaboutthemergerofhiscompanywiththeUAEcompany.Note:请注意本句中的虚拟语气及倒装结构。"Hadsb.done...theywouldhavedone...”句型用于表达与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,其中从句中的主谓顺序倒装,相当于ー个正常主谓顺序的if条件状语。类似的倒装句也可以表达与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟假设,从句和主句时态用相应的虚拟语气时态。如:Hadhegotupabitearlier,hewouldhavearrivedontime•他要是早一点起床,就会准时至リ了。(=Ifhehadgotupabitearlier,hewouldhavearrivedontime.)WereIasenator,Iwouldcertainlyvoteforher.如果我是参议员的话,我肯定投她一票。(=IfIwereasenator,Iwouldcertainlyvoteforher.)Sociologistsagreethatanotherkeyaspectinfluencingglobalbusinessistheconceptofface.Cross-culturaldifferencesinthewaywesavefaceimpactourperceptionsoftrustandrespect,whichinturnimpactourrelationshipsandgroupcohesion.(Para.9)Meaning:Scholarsinthefieldofsociologyagreethatanotherimportantfactorwhichinfluencesinternationalbusinessinvolvestheideaofsavingface.Thedifferencesbetweenvariousculturesinhowwesavefaceinfluenceourunderstandingoftrustandrespect.Ontheotherhand,howweunderstandtrustandrespectinfluencesourrelationshipswitheachotherandtheunityofourgroup.TaketheexampleofAnn,aUSmanagerwhotookareactionaryapproachtoculturaldifferences.(Para.10)Meaning:Let'stakeAnn,anAmericanmanager,forexample.Shedoesnothaveanopenattitudetowardculturaldifferencesorgiveitenoughconsiderationinherwork.

AnnthoughtbeinganomineefortheleadershippositionwithasalesteambasedinSingaporewasaclimaxofhercareer.(Para.10)Meaning:AnnthoughtitwasahigheststageofhercareerthatshebecameacandidatetobealeaderofasalesteambasedinSingapore.Anntriedtoestablishaworkingrelationshipwitheachteammember.Afterafewweeksofworkingonteamunificationandsolidarity,presentingguidelines,andofferingsalesadvice,shecarefullycompartmentalizedgoalsforeachmemberofthesalesteam.(Para.10)Meaning:Anntriedtobuildaworkingrelationshipwitheveryoneonthesalesteam.Shespentafewweeksmakingtheteammoreunifiedandmoresupportiveofeachother,providinginstructions,andofferingsalesadvice.Afterthat,shecarefullydividedthesalesgoalsamongtheteammembers.Later,whentheteamconvenedface-to-facefortheirfirstquarterlyreviewmeeting,Ann,afterpraisingaChineseteammember,boldlycriticizedandquestionedaKorean,tryingtoextracttheexactreasonwhyhewaslaggingsofarbehindonhisgoals.(Para.11)Meaning:Later,whentheteammetfacetofaceattheirfirstquarterlymeeting,AnnpraisedaChineseteammember,andthenopenlycriticizedandquestionedaKoreanmember.ShetriedtogettheexactreasonwhytheKoreanwasmakingslowerprogresstowardhisgoalsthanothermemberswere.lagbehind:moveordevelopmoreslowlythanothers落后(于);拖后Jackislaggingbehindabit.Let'swaitforhimtocatchusup.杰克有些落后了。我们等他赶上来吧。Themeetingimmediatelylostitsgroove.Theentiregroupbecamesolemnand,fortherestofthemeeting,remainedpolitebutlargelymute.(Para.11)Meaning:Themeetingsoongotawayfromtheproceduresuchameetingnormallyhas.Theentiregroupbecameserious,andtheyremainedpolitebutlargelysilentfortherestofthemeeting.Meaningbeyondwords:AnnmadetheChinesememberandtheKoreanmember

embarrassedbypraisingandcriticizingtheminthefaceofotherpeople.ShedidnothaveenoughknowledgeoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenAsiaandtheUSwithrespecttotheimportanceofsavingface.InUSculture,savingfaceexists-butonlyminimally,andtactfulbutstraightforwardspeechishighlyvalued.USmanagersroutinelyspeakfreelyaboutsomeoneelse'saccomplishmentsorfailuresinopen,publicsettings,suchasduringmeetings.(Para.12)Meaning:InAmericanculture,theissueofsavingfaceexists,buttoaslightdegree.Americansthinkitimportanttospeakskillfullyandhonestly.ItiscommonforAmericanmanagerstoexpresstheiropinionsfreelyaboutotherpeople'sachievementsorfailuresinopen,publicsettings,forexample,duringmeetings.ThisisdifferentinAsiancultures.Singlingoutanindividualduetopraiseorcriticism,adailyhabitamongstAmericanmanagers,maycauseAsianstobecomeuncomfortableordeeplyembarrassed.(Para.12)Meaning:ThisisdifferentfromwhatisconsideredappropriateinAsiancultures.ForAmericanmanagers,topickoutasinglepersontopraiseorcriticizeissomethingtheydoeverydayasahabit.Thesamepractice,however,maymakeAsiansuncomfortableorveryembarrassed.Mostofall,sheshouldworkongivingmorecourteousandsupportivepraiseandencouragement,whichwillhelpmovetowardtheunificationandcohesionthathighfunctioningteamsneedinordertobesuccessful.(Para.13)Meaning:Themostimportantthingisthatsheshouldpraiseandencouragetheteammembersinamorepoliteandsupportiveway.Thiswillhelptobringthememberstogetherandimprovetheunityoftheteam.Unificationandcohesionarewhatahighlyefficientteamneedsinordertoachievesuccess.Aroundtheworld,deeperstructuressuchasrelationshipbuildingandfacesavingareembeddedinthevalues,beliefsandbehaviorofaculture.Theyaremuchhardertounderstandthantheglossaryoftermsinanyculture'slanguagephrasebook.(Para.14)

Meaning:Ineverypartoftheworld,moreabstractstructuressuchasrelationshipbuildingandfacesavingfirmlyexistinthevalues,beliefsandbehaviorofpeopleinaculture.Theyaremuchmoredifficulttounderstandthanthetermslistedandexplainedinalanguagephrasebookofanyculture.Theadviceis:Alwaysaskforclarificationandseeknewinsights.Forbusinesssuccess,itisessentialtolearntomediatethesedeeperculturaldifferences.(Para.14)Meaning:Myadviceisthatyoushouldalwaysaskforaclearexplanationofsuchabstractculturalstructuresandachievenewunderstandingsofthem.Ifyouwanttosucceedinbusiness,youwillneedtolearnhowtohandlethedeeperdifferencesbetweenculturessothatnoconflictswillarise.32Thoughitmaybealittlecomplicatedtoincorporatethemintoyourwayofthinkingandcommunicating,itiswellworththeeffort!(Para.14)Meaning:Itiscertainlynecessarytomaketheefforttoconsiderculturaldifferenceswhenyouthinkandcommunicatealthoughthismaybealittledifficulttodo.Unit5HereisthevocabularyforTextB.Youcanclickthespeakericonoreachheadwordtolistentoitspronunciation.00:00

00:00Newwordstorchn.[C]alongstickwithburningmaterialatoneendthatproduceslight火把;火炬Amanstoodbesideapileofwood,holdingaflamingtorch，ー个人站在ー堆木头旁,手里举着个燃烧的火把。(AmEflashlight)asmallelectriclightthatyouholdinyourhand手电筒Don'tshineyourtorchstraightintomyeyes!别用手电筒正对着我的眼睛照!finalizevt.makethefinaldecisionsorarrangementsconcerningsth.最后决定;最后定下;确定Wehaven'tfinalizedoursummertravelplansyet.我们还没有最后确定暑期旅行计划。mergern.[C]theprocessofcombiningtwoormorecompaniesororganizationstoformabiggerone(公司或机构的)合并Themergerofthesetwocompanieswouldcreatetheworld'sbiggestaccountingfirm.这两家公司合并后将成为世界上最大的会计事务所。emirate[C]acountryruledbyaMuslimruler,esp.inAsiaandpartsofAfrica酋长国AbuDhabiisthelargestemirateoftheUnitedArabEmirates.阿布扎比是阿联酋最大的ー个酋长国。detainvt.(fml.)stopsb.fromleavingsomewhereordoingsth.耽搁;阻留Thewifeaskedwhathaddetainedhimsolong.妻子问他什么事情耽搁了他这么长时间。keepsb.inapolicestationorprisonandnotallowthem