最新高中英语被动语态讲解与练习

PAGEPAGE７被动语态PassiveVoice被动语态的构成动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。被动语态的根本构成形式体时一般进行完成现在过去将来过去将来时：should/wouldbedonewas\weregoingtobedonewas\wereabouttobedonewas\weretobetodone过去将来完成时：should/wouldhavebeendone2.含情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词练习：1)Visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.2)Allthepreparationsforthetask_______________(complete),andwe'rereadytostart.3)Look,anewcinema_____________(build)herenow．4)I_____________(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium______________(complete)inBeijing.6)Ameeting___________________(hold)whenIwasthere.7)Hundredsofjob_____________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.8)Thenews____________________(send)tothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9)Theproject____________________(complete)beforeJuly.10〕Hetoldmethathisnewclothes____________________(make)verysoon.11〕Thebaby____________________(takecareof)bythebaby-sitter.应该由保姆照顾2.被动语态的特殊结构形式二.主动语态与被动语态的转换1.主+谓+宾结构：RowlingwroteHarryPotter.___________________________________________.Thegovernmentsupportedtheresearch._____________________________________.Noonehaseverbeatenherattennis.________________________________________.Wedidn’tnoticeanythingspecialinhiswork.__________________________________.主+谓+间宾+直宾：Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday._____________________________________________.Myuncleboughtmeanewcomputer._____________________________________________________.______________________________________________________.Ourteacherofferedusmanysuggestionstoreducepressure._____________________________________.__________________________________________.注意:加to或者forShetoldmewhentheprojectwouldstart.______________________________________.主+谓+宾+宾补：Peoplecallthisteamacheer-leadingsquad._____________________________________.注意：在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.__________________________________.含有begoingtodo和betodo等结构〔be只有一般现在时和一般过去时〕Wearegoingtodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.____________________________________________.TheyaretoshowthisnewfilmonTVnextweek._____________________________________________.表示“据说，相信，认为，期待〞等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如；________________________________________________________。Weknowthatheisthebestdentistinthetown._______________________________________________.________________________________________________.重点拓展：Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。 祈使句变被动句肯定祈使句：let+宾语+be+done否认祈使句：don’tlet+宾语+be+done；let+宾语+not+be+doneMovethedesksintothepassage.____________________________________________.Don’tthrowrubbisheverywhere.____________________________________________.谓语为动词短语的情况：如“动词＋介词〞，“动词＋副词〞等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。TheyhaveputoffthemeetingtillnextSaturday._________________________________.Whenwegottothecinema,ithadsoldoutallthetickets._______________________________________.双重被动结构：指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又是不定式动作的承受者。Theyaskedustodiscusstheproblematonce._______________________________________________.____________________________________________________________________________________.Parentsoftenasktheirchildrentodotoomuchhomework.______________________________________._____________________________________________________________________________________.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。可用来表示主语内在“品质〞“性能〞的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与well/badly/easily/smoothly搭配。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态那么强调外界作用造成的影响。试比拟：Thedoorwon'tlock．〔指门本身有毛病〕Thedoorwon'tbelocked．〔指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁〞是人的原因〕某些状态动词或不及物动词，在汉语中虽有被动意味，但英语中用主动形式，如：weigh，measure，cost，spread，last，happen，breakout，takeplace，consistof,comeout,comeabout,comeacross,getacross,runout,giveout,turnout等。Thiswallmeasures10meterslong.Thenewsthatafamoussingerwouldgiveashowspreadquickly.系动词的主动语态表被动：look，feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay，appear。Themusicsoundscomfortable.Thisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone.四．非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1.不定式的主动表被动a.在某些“形容词＋不定式〞做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.b.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．试比拟：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?Withsomethingtobuy,shewenttomarket.Ihavealettertowrite.Shehassomethingtosay.c.在betodo结构中如rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。AmItoblame?Thehouseistolet.2.动名词的主动表被动。a.在need，want，require,deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing〔toberepaired〕．这房子需要修理。b．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。3.介词in,on,under,outof等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义undercontrol〔受控制〕,undertreatment〔在治疗中〕,underrepair〔在修理中〕,underdiscussion〔在讨论中〕,underconstruction〔在施工中〕inthechargeof(在掌管之下〕，inuse(在使用中),inprint〔在印刷中〕onshow(展出)，onsale(待售)，outofcontrol,outofsightforsale,forrent,beyondbelief,beyondourhope.例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).重点拓展：被动形式表主动意义，某些动词+反身代词可变为被动结构表主动意义如devoteoneselfto,dressoneself,seatoneself,amuseoneself,loseoneself,prepareoneselffor,concernoneselfabout变为：bedevotedto,behiddenin,beburiedin,beabsorbedin,belost,beseatedin,befacedwith,bepreparedfor五、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词〞作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分方法如下：1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否那么为系表结构。例Theglassisbroken．________Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．_________Theteacherwaspleasedbyheranswer.________Theteacherwaspleasedwithheranswer._________2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例Thedoorislocked．_________Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．_________3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例Themachineisbeingrepaired．_______Manykindsofarthavebeenlostintheworld.________被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别。被动语态常用greatly等词修饰，系表结构常用very,quite,rather,too,so,more,most等。例Iamgreatlymovedbyhiskindness.Iamveryinterestedintakingthecourseyouareoffering.练习改错1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight．5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbefore．6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital．7)Hisplanissoundedgood．8)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashed．2.填空1)Thepen_________(write)veryfast.2)Thiskindofsweater_______sells(sell)well.3)Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.4)Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?5)Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe__________(take)tothehospital.6)English__________(speak)inmanyisspokencounties.7)Threequartersoftheworld’sbooksarewritten(write)inEnglish.____________8)Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.9)Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?10).—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.11)Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,__________(develop)andperfectednow.12)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.13)Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________________(decide)yet.14)Thenewsuspensionbridge________________(design)bytheendoflastmonth.15)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____________(break).16)Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It'sworth__________(read)asecondtime.17〕Thatsuit_______________(cost)lessthan60dollarsyesterday,butnowitspriceisincreased.七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1．高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served解析B因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002)A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling解析CTed是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3).Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting解析A“house〞和“paint〞应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.〔上海春2003〕A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided解析Ddecide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.〔上海春2001〕A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked解析B句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在enteredtheoffice这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen解析B根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行〞这件事，这件事有待于“被决定〞，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.〔上海1996〕A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded解析Ccan’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事〞，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说〞购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3〕.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.〔上海2002〕A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame解析Afeel的宾语从句为强调句型，在betodo结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如toblame，tolet等。【强化训练】1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teachingkey1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB被动语态根底练习选择题1.Ourhouse_____,

A.isgettingpaintB.isgettingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.

A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby

3.Thewar_____in1937

A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout

4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.

A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossby

5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.

A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto

6.It_______thisway

A.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodo

7.It__thisway.

AusedtodoB.usedtobedoneC.isusedtodoD.isusedtodoing

8._____Chaplin.

A.Thechild'snamewascalledB.Thechild'snamecalls

C.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed

9.Thesportsmeeting____.

A.isputoffB.istoputoffC.istobeputoffD.putsoff

10.Maryrealizedshe_________

A.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefun

C.wasbeingmadefunofD.wasbeingmadefun

11.______tosayathinginthatway

A.ItisconsiderswrongB.Itisconsideredwrong

C.Itisconsideredit'swrongD.Itisconsiedringwrong

12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.

A.wouldbeprintedB.wouldprintC.beprintedD.print

13.Thestory______inChinA.

A.wastakenplaceB.washappenedC.tookplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

14.Thehouse_____myparents

A.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto

15.He_______byhisteacher.

A.happenedtoseeB.washappenedtosee

C.happenedtobeseenD.washappenedtobeseen

16.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings.

A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup

C.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

D.weretakenplace,weresetup

17.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.

A.furnished,finishedB.beenfinished,beenfurnished

C.beingfinished,beingfurnishedD.setup,full

18.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____fromhere?

A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee

19.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.

A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoff

C.wasalreadytakingoffD.wasalreadytakenoff

20.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.

A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuilding

C.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow

21.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；have

C.donotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；haveto22.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

23.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold

24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

25.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfrom

theearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

26.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned

27.Whenapencilispartly