(完整word版)英语句子成分教案

12专业专一铸就统一难点句子的主要成分状语的识别定语的识别宾语补足语考点划分句子结构识别句子的主要成分能够准确的翻译句子技能提升通过本课的学习，使学生能够清楚的划分出句子的主要成分及次要成分，并能够清楚的理解句子结构教学效果自评及课后反思教学进程和教学内容（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法：主语由名词性的词来充当.例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）Theygotoschoolbybus.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Toseeistobelieve.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.It'snouseregrettingit.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。一句话语法：谓语由动词充当。有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯犯的错误|就是要么乱用be动词，要么句子没有谓语动词.1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词（表动作）和连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。、及物动词作谓语Weshouldhelpeachother.Theyrespectoneanother.Allofthestudentslikethenovel.Didyouseemanypeoplethere?、不及物动词作谓语Helefthereyesterday.You'redrivingtoofast.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.连系动词表状态Heisanexcellentteacher.Hersonisafriendofours.Oursisagreatcountry.Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.2、谓语的构成如下：、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.、复合谓语：(a)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.女如Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(b)由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.(四)表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法：表语使用形容词，不用副词！例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)Theyarebrotherandsister.Johniscaptainoftheteam.Isityours?(代词)WhatIwanttosayisthis.Thepoorboywasmyself.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）Herfatherissixty-five.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Myfavouritesportisswimming.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）注意：副词可以做表语的只有几个，非常简单，考试不考，所以上面说:表语使用形容词，不用副词！我们所复习的语法直接针对高考，不是搞语法研究，这点请大家一定要记住。例如：Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当，宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要，务必要牢记•例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary，please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子：givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整，宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法：宾语补足语使用形容词，不用副词•例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Youmustkeepitclean.TomfoundtheclimbquiteeasyLetthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Ihavealotofworktodo.Shehasplentyofclothestowear.HemademerepeatthestoryWesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Ihavethecarwaiting.Whydon'tyouhaveyourhaircut?（-ed分词）Wehadthemachinerepaired.IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayWefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等；后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,get,think,make等；动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等，使役动词如let,have,make等，动词不定式不带to。）（七）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语，是句子中的次要成分。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词，形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当。一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Mr.Greenhastwosons.（数词）Themandownstairscouldn'tsleep副词Ll.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）Abarkingdogseldombites.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?从句）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一句话语法：状语用副词，不用形容词，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。例如：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）PandasonlyliveinChina.Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）I'mgladtomeetyou.Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Ihavequitealotofworktodo.（程度状语）Ishallgothere讦itdoesn'train.（条件状语）Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfallbehindtheothers.Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.PleasedoitasItoldyou.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）We'llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）

课堂金思维训练题指出下列句中主语的中心词theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.thereisanoldmancominghere.theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.a.don'tb.likec.pictured.wallthedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.a.getb.longerc.daysd.summerdoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?a.dob.usuallyc.god.bustherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.a.willbe/