考研考博-英语-云南交通职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南交通职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Creamisayellowishoil-in-water（）whichformsWhenmilkisallowedtostand.

问题1选项

A.emulsion

B.albumen

C.embrocation

D.yolk

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。emulsion“乳剂”；albumen“蛋白”；embrocation“擦剂”；yolk“蛋黄”。句意：奶油是一种淡黄色的水包油乳剂，牛奶凝固就可形成奶油。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

问题1选项

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。impetuous“性急的，鲁莽的”；impertinent“无关的，不恰当的，不相干的”；imperative“必要的，紧急的，极重要的”；imperceptible“察觉不出的，感觉不到的”。句意：我邻居倾向于用一种激烈、鲁莽的方式做出反应。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Minervawasthegoddessofwisdom,butononeoccasionshedidaveryfoolishthing;sheenteredintocompetitionwithJunoandVenusfortheprizeofbeauty.Ithappenedthus:AtthenuptialsofPeleusandThetisallthegodswereinvitedwiththeexceptionofEris,orDiscord.Enragedatherexclusion,thegoddessthrewagoldenappleamongtheguests,withtheinscription,‘‘Forthefairest”ThereuponJuno,Venus,andMinervaeachclaimedtheapple.Jupiter,notwillingtodecideinsodelicateamatter,sentthegoddessestoMountIda,wherethebeautifulshepherdPariswastendinghisflocks,andtohimwascommittedthedecision.Thegoddessesaccordinglyappearedbeforehim.Junopromisedhimpowerandriches’Minervagloryandrenowninwar,andVenusthefairestofwomenforhiswife,eachattemptingtobiashisdecisioninherownfavor.ParisdecidedinfavorofVenusandgaveherthegoldenapple,thusmakingthetwoothergoddesseshisenemies.UndertheprotectionofVenus,ParissailedtoGreece,andwashospitablyreceivedbyMenelaus,kingofSparta.NowHelen,thewifeofMenelaus,wastheverywomanwhomVenushaddestinedforParis,thefairestofhersex.Shehadbeensoughtasabridebynumeroussuitors,andbeforeherdecisionwasmadeknown,theyall,atthesuggestionofUlysses,oneoftheirnumber,tookanoaththattheywoulddefendherfromallinjuryandavengehercauseifnecessary.ShechoseMenelaus,andwaslivingwithhimhappilywhenParisbecametheirguest.Paris,aidedbyVenus,persuadedhertoelopewithhim,andcarriedhertoTroy,whencearosethefamousTrojanWar,thethemeofthegreatestpoemsofantiquity,thoseofHomerandVirgil.

MenelauscalleduponhisbrotherchieftainsofGreecetofulfilltheirpledge,andjoinhiminhiseffortstorecoverhiswife.Theygenerallycameforward,butUlysses,whohadmarriedPenelope,andwasveryhappyinhiswifeandchild,hadnodispositiontoembarkinsuchatroublesomeaffair.HethereforehungbackandPalamedeswassenttourgehim.WhenPalamedesarrivedatIthaca,Ulyssespretendedtobemad.Heyokedanassandanoxtogethertotheploughandbegantosowsalt.Palamedes,totryhim,placedtheinfantTelemachusbeforetheplough,whereuponthefatherturnedtheploughaside,showingplainlythathewasnomadman,andafterthatcouldnolongerrefusetofulfillhispromise.Beingnowhimselfgainedfromtheundertaking,helenthisaidtobringinotherreluctantchief,especiallyAchilles.ThisherowasthesonofthatThetisatwhosemarriagetheappleofDiscordhadbeenthrownamongthegoddesses.Thetiswasherselfoneoftheimmortals,asea-nymph,andknowingthathersonwasfatedtoperishbeforeTroyifhewentontheexpedition,sheendeavoredtopreventhisgoing.ShesenthimawaytothecourtofKingLycomedes,andinducedhimtoconcealhimselfinthedisguiseofamaidenamongthedaughtersoftheking.Ulysses,hearinghewasthere,wentdisguisedasamerchanttothepalaceandofferedforsalefemaleornaments,amongwhichhehadplacedsomearms.Whiletheking’sdaughterswereengrossedwiththeothercontentsofthemerchant’spack,AchilleshandledtheweaponsandtherebybetrayedhimselftothekeeneyeofUlysses,whofoundnogreatdifficultyinpersuadinghimtodisregardhismother’sprudentcounselsandjoinhiscountrymeninthewar.

1.BulfinchdescribesJupiterasunwillingto“decideinsodelicateamatter”implyingthat______.

2.Theunderlinedword“disposition”inthesecondparagraphisusedtomean______.

3.ThesowingofsaltisusedbyBulfinchtoshow______.

4.WhydoesUlyssesdisplayarmsamongtheornaments?

5.Areasonabletitleforthisnarrativemightbe______.

问题1选项

A.Jupiterisusuallyheavy-handed

B.anydecisionisboundtooffendsomeone

C.Jupiterisoverlysensitive

D.theproblemsaresoobscurethatnoonecanjudgethem

问题2选项

A.inclination

B.nature

C.integrity

D.habitation

问题3选项

A.Ulysses’sattempttobefoundinsane

B.thedifficultyofcultivatinginrockysoil

C.howthetearsofthegodscreatedthesea

D.thegod’spunishmentofthosewhodisobeythem

问题4选项

A.Asadeclarationofwar.

B.Tomisleadthedaughtersoftheking.

C.TotestAchillesintorevealinghimself.

D.Becausehewantstostartanalteration.

问题5选项

A.“DisputesandDeceit”

B.“TheAppleofDiscordLeadstoWar”

C.“AchillesandUlysses”

D.“ThePettinessoftheGods”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.BulfinchdescribesJupiterasunwillingto“decideinsodelicateamatter”implyingthat______.1.布尔芬奇形容丘比特不愿意“在如此微妙的事情上做出决定”，暗示______。

A.Jupiterisusuallyheavy-handedA.丘比特通常很笨拙

B.anydecisionisboundtooffendsomeoneB.任何决定都必然会冒犯某人

C.JupiterisoverlysensitiveC.丘比特过于敏感

D.theproblemsaresoobscurethatnoonecanjudgethemD.这些问题如此晦涩，没人能判断

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第四句“丘比特不愿对这样微妙的问题做出决定，便派众女神到艾达山上，正在那里放羊的美丽的牧羊人帕里斯被委以重任”可知，丘比特让帕里斯决定哪一位女神能够得到金苹果，也就是说丘比特认为这个问题不好判断，任何决定都会冒犯其中两个。所以提到“在如此微妙的事情上做出决定”是暗示B项“任何决定都必然会冒犯某人”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“丘比特通常很笨拙”，从丘比特把这个问题抛给帕里斯来看，丘比特并不愚笨，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“丘比特过于敏感”没有体现，属于无中生有；

D项“这些问题如此晦涩，没人能判断”由解题思路可知，该项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theunderlinedword“disposition”inthesecondparagraphisusedtomean______.2.第二段中下划线的“disposition”指的是______。

A.inclinationA.倾向，意愿

B.natureB.自然

C.integrityC.诚实正直

D.habitationD.居住

【答案】A

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据关键词disposition定位至第二段第二句“他们通常会主动站出来，但是尤里西斯，他已经娶了佩妮洛普，有了妻子和孩子，他很幸福，没有disposition从事这样一件麻烦的事情”，从中可知，尤里西斯已经有了一个幸福的家庭，所以推断，当墨涅拉俄斯让他们履行诺言去参战找回海伦时，尤里西斯是不愿意的。所以disposition指的是“意愿”，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B项“自然”、C项“诚实正直”和D项“居住”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.ThesowingofsaltisusedbyBulfinchtoshow______.3.布尔芬奇用撒盐来表示______。

A.Ulysses’sattempttobefoundinsaneA.尤里西斯想要被认为是疯子

B.thedifficultyofcultivatinginrockysoilB.在岩石土壤中栽培的困难

C.howthetearsofthegodscreatedtheseaC.众神的眼泪是如何创造海洋的

D.thegod’spunishmentofthosewhodisobeythemD.上帝对违抗命令的人的惩罚

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段第三四句“当帕拉默德斯到达伊萨卡岛时，尤利西斯假装疯了。他把驴和牛套在一起犁地，开始撒盐。”可知，尤里西斯在地里面撒盐是为了装疯，这样他就不用离开幸福的家庭去参战。该题选择A项“尤里西斯想要被认为是疯子”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“在岩石土壤中栽培的困难”、C项“众神的眼泪是如何创造海洋的”和D项“上帝对违抗命令的人的惩罚”在原文并没有提到，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.WhydoesUlyssesdisplayarmsamongtheornaments?4.为什么尤里西斯会在饰品中展示他的武器？

A.Asadeclarationofwar.A.作为战争的宣告。

B.Tomisleadthedaughtersoftheking.B.误导国王的女儿们。

C.TotestAchillesintorevealinghimself.C.试探阿喀琉斯，让他暴露自己。

D.Becausehewantstostartanalteration.D.因为他想要改变。

【答案】C

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后两句“尤里西斯听说他在那里，就化装成出售女性饰品的商人去了宫殿，其中还放了一些武器。当国王的女儿们都在全神贯注地看商人包里的其他东西时，阿喀琉斯拿起了武器，从而在尤里西斯敏锐的目光下暴露了自己，尤里西斯毫不费力地说服阿喀琉斯不顾母亲审慎的建议，和同胞们一起参战。”可以看出，尤里西斯在饰品中展示他的武器是让试探阿喀琉斯，让他暴露自己。因此，该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A项“作为战争的宣告”、B项“误导国王的女儿们”和D项“因为他想要改变”在原文都没有体现，属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Areasonabletitleforthisnarrativemightbe______.5.一个合理的标题应该是______。

A.“DisputesandDeceit”A.“争端和欺骗”

B.“TheAppleofDiscordLeadstoWar”B.“不和的金苹果导致战争”

C.“AchillesandUlysses”C.“阿喀琉斯和尤里西斯”

D.“ThePettinessoftheGods”D.“众神的渺小”

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，本文讲述的是为了抢夺金苹果带来的一系列后果。第一段先介绍了这个故事的来源：纷争女神厄里斯因为没有收到忒提斯婚礼的邀请而扔下一个刻有“献给最美丽的女神”字样的金苹果，引发了朱诺、维纳斯和雅典娜三位女神的争夺，最终牧羊人帕里斯接受了维纳斯的礼物，把金苹果给了她，随后便被带去希腊，说服斯巴达国王墨涅拉俄斯的妻子海伦私奔，从而引起了特洛伊战争；第二段是墨涅拉俄斯为了找回妻子而号召曾经追求过海伦的追求者一起参战。综上所述，我们可以推断，这篇文章主要讲述的是一个不和的金苹果引发的战争，所以B项“不和的金苹果导致战争”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“争端和欺骗”和C项“阿喀琉斯和尤里西斯”表述不全，属于以偏概全；

D项“众神的渺小”在原文没有体现，属于无中生有。

4.单选题

Abovethetreesarethehills,（）magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.

问题1选项

A.where

B.ofwhose

C.whose

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】语法题——whose引导的非限定性定语从句。whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。主句为“Abovethetreesarethehills”，从句的主语应为“山的绮丽景色”，原句为theriverfaithfullyreflectsthehill’smagnificenceonthesurface。句意：在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）,togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

问题2选项

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

问题3选项

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

问题4选项

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

问题5选项

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

问题6选项

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

问题7选项

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

问题8选项

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

问题9选项

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

问题10选项

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

问题11选项

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

问题12选项

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

问题13选项

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

问题14选项

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

问题15选项

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

问题16选项

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

问题17选项

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

问题18选项

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

问题19选项

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

问题20选项

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:B

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查时间副词（短语）。Justwhen正当；While当……时；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根据上下文判断，事件发生在前，报纸报道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分词辨析。现在分词表示主动，报纸报道事件细节是主动的，所以用giving。

3.

考查关系代词。Wherever无论哪里，表地点；Whatever无论什么；However不管怎样；Whichever无论哪一个；由后一句onthespot（当场）可推断出应选地点状语wherever。

4.

考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem问题；purpose目的。由动词不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，选项D符合要求。

5.

考查动词辨析。make使，让；publish出版；know知道，了解；write写。句意：新闻发生的源头或是从那些将新闻制作并散播人处获得，并传播给那些想要了解新闻的人们。选项C符合句意。

6.

考查代词辨析。another另一个；oneanother彼此，互相；theother两者中的另一个；other“其他的”。其后跟可数名词复数表示泛指。句意：收音机、电报、电视以及其他发明。

7.

考查逻辑连接词。However然而，表转折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表结果。根据上下文，句子间逻辑判断为转折。选项中的however意为“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名词辨析。value价值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他们快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式来提高速度。选项D符合句意。

9.

考查动词辨析。spread传播；passed传递，通过；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的报纸被印刷并且被阅读。选项C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既可指人又可指物，branchoutinto“拓展”，只能用于指人。句意：竞争也使得报纸拓展到很多其他领域。选项C符合句意。

11.

考查名词辨析。matters“当前状况”；affairs“公共事务及安全事务”；things“事情”一般用于口语中；events“重大，重要事件”。句意：政治事件以及其他重要且严肃的事件。选项D符合句意。

12.

考查介词辨析。on在……之上；through通过……；with和……；of属于……的。句意：报纸通过广告影响人们的经济选择。through做方式状语，表示“通过，凭借”，选项B符合句意。

13.

考查名词辨析。form“形式”；existence“存在”；content“内容”；purpose“目的”。句意：报纸是依赖广告生存的，选项B符合句意。

14.

考查动词短语辨析。triestocover试图支付；managestocover打算支付；failstocover无法支付；succeedsincovering成功支付。根据后面even“甚至”这个语气可判断出此处为否定意义，只有failstocover表否定，意为“无法支付”。选项C符合句意。

15.

考查固定搭配。thesourceofincome为固定搭配，意为“收入来源”。选项A符合句意。

16.

考查名词辨析。way方式，道路；means钱财，财富；chance机会；success成功。根据上下文语义，句意：出售版面广告所赚的钱依赖于报纸对广告商的价值。means意为“钱财，财富”，选项B符合句意。

17.

考查时态与语态。整个文章时态为现在时且此句中应用被动，报纸价值是“被估量”，选项C符合要求。

18.

考查副词辨析。somewhat有点，稍微；little少量，一丁点；much多，大量；something某事。句意：发行部的工作对于报纸的发行至关重要。选项C符合句意。

19.

考查时态与语态。句意：刊印在报纸版面上的娱乐和服务。被动语态且表示将来，选项D符合句意。

20.

考查固定搭配。by通过；凭借；with和……；at在……；about关于……。atthecommunity意为“在社区内”，为固定用法。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】细节题。男士表示想去单身汉晚会，女士确认了时间为晚上八点，并且要自带酒水。

7.单选题

Hebroughtanentirelynewlevelofstyleandsophisticationtojazzmusic.Althoughagiftedpianoplayer,DukeEllingtonusedtheorchestraashisprincipalinstrument.Heconsideredhimselfacomposerandarrangerratherthanjustamusician,likeJellyRollMortonbeforehim.

Itwasin1917whenDukebeganplayingmusicprofessionallyinWashington,D.C.StridepianoplayerslikeJamesP•JohnsonandWillie“TheLion”Smithinfluencedhispianotechnique.DukeledabandcalledTheWashingtonians,whichplayedatTheHollywoodClubinManhattan(theclubwaslaterrenamedastheKentuckyClub).ThisbandacquiredastyleallitsownwhentrumpetplayerBubberMileyjoinedit,bringingwithhimhisuniqueplunger-mutestyleofplaying.Calledthe“JungleSound，”thissoundcametobelargelyresponsibleforEllington’searlysuccess.AgoodexampleofthisstyleofplayingisthesongEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo.In1924，thegrouprecordedtheirfirstalbum,ChooChoo(GottaHurryHomeandRainyNights(RainyDays)).However,thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.In1927,thebandre-recordedversionsofEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo,thendebutedtwosongsthatwouldbeassociatedwithDukefortherestofhiscareer,BlackandTanFantasyandCreoleLoveCall.

Ellington’sOrchestra,unlikemanyofitscontemporaries,wasabletomakethetransitionfrom1920shotjazzto1930sswingmusic.Onesongitplayed,ItDon’tMeanaThing(IfItAin’tGotThatSwing),evencametodefinetheera.WhatkepttheEllingtonOrchestraamajorforceinjazzwasthisveryabilitytoadaptandgrowwiththetimes.

ThefameandinfluenceofEllingtoncontinuedtogrowthroughoutthe40sand50s.HisbandcontinuedtocomeupwithjazzstandardslikeTakethe‘A’Train,Perdido,the4C’JamBlues,andSatinDollDukewroteseveralreligiouspiecesinthe1960s.HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,amongthemCharlesMingusandMaxRoachwithwhomheplayedatrio.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,DukeEllingtonworkedasallofthefollowingEXCEPTasa（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthispassagemostprobablyagreewith?

4.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutDukeEllingtonaretrueEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.thelifeofDukeEllington

B.theshiftfromjazztoswingmusic

C.themusicofDukeEllington

D.thedevelopmentofjazzmusic

问题2选项

A.bandleader

B.singer

C.bandmanager

D.composer

问题3选项

A.DukeEllington’sresistancetochangecausedthecollapseofhismusicalcareer.

B.DukeEllingtondidmostofhisjazzcompositionsincollaborationwithothers.

C.DukeEllington’sclassicalcompositionsarehisgreatestcontributiontomusic.

D.DukeEllington’ssophisticatedmusicalstylegreatlyinfluencedthejazzgenre.

问题4选项

A.Hetrainedseveralbandstoperformhisjazzmusic.

B.Hehadalwaysperformedwithhisownband.

C.Hewasamajorinfluenceinjazzmusic.

D.Hecomposedmanysongsthatdefinedacertainperiod.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。文章一开始讲到了DukeEllington给爵士乐带来了一种新的风格，后面介绍了他给乐队发展带来的影响，以及在音乐方面的创作。由此可知，文章主要话题是艾灵顿公爵的音乐。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.”是欧文.米尔斯成为了经理，而不是艾灵顿。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，可看出艾灵顿让爵士乐的风格和复杂性有了一个新的高度，而且产生了持久的影响力。选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,”，艾灵顿并不只是和自己的乐队一起表演，还和其他爵士音乐人一起合作，选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂热的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（讣告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分页）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectiono