第三部分语法-构词法

知识网络(见书P231)熟读深思John

and

his

father

never

agree

on

one

thing,

sothey

often

disapprove［1］of

each

other,

for

therewas

some

misunderstanding［2］

between

them.Once,

John

and

his

parentswent

to

his

aunt’shome

for

dinner.

When

they

left

after

dinner,John

said

“Bye-bye!”

to

his

aunt

in

a

lowvoice.However,

his

father

didn’t

hear

it

and

he

thoughtJohn

misbehaved［3］

himself

for

itwas

impolite［4］to

leave

without

saying

goodbye.

John

insistedthat

he

did

say

it,buthis

father

didn’t

listen

tohim.

From

then

on,

John

was

unfriendly［5］

to

hisfather,

whi ade

his

father

extremely

unhappy［6］.Undoubtedly［7］,

it

is

unwise

［8］of

John

to

doso.

After

all,

they

are

father

and

son.

His

fathersent

him

to

a

class

of

manners

to

enrich［9］

hisknowledge

of

manners,

which

his

father

believedwould

enable［10］him

to

be

a

good-manneredboy.

John’s

father

said

he

was

angry

at

his

son’sdishonesty［11］,

which

would

certainly

endanger［12］

his

future.

His

father’s

nonstop［13］nonsense

caused

John

much

fort［14］.John

had

to

go

to

the

class.

Later

on,

he

dideverything

against

his

father’s

will.汉语译文：

和父亲总有

，所以他们经常不赞同对方的想法，因为他们之间有一些误会。一次，

和父母去姑姑家吃饭。晚饭后当他们离开时，

小声对姑姑说“再见!”然而，他的父亲没听到，他认为

不懂规矩,不告而别是非常不礼貌的。

坚持说他确实说了，但他父亲不听。从此，

对父亲很不友善，这使他的父亲非常不高兴。， 这样做是不明智的。毕竟，他们是父子。他的父亲把他送去上礼仪班以丰富他的礼仪知识，他的父亲认为这样做会使他成为一个懂礼貌的男孩。

的父亲说对于儿子的不诚实他感到很生气，他的不诚实当然会危及他的未来。父亲不间断的唠叨让 很不舒服。 不得不去上课。此后，他总是和父亲对着干。熟读深思dis

表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀dis可以加在动词的前面,approve赞同→disapprove不赞同,mis

表示“错误或否定”意义的前缀mis

可以加在动词的前面，understand理解→misunderstand误解，misunderstandingmis表示“糟糕或否定”意义的前缀mis可以加在动词的前面,behave表现得体→misbehaveim

前缀im通常加在以字母p开头的形容词前，表示“不、非”的意思，polite有礼貌的→impolite没礼貌的，而同是表示“不、非”的前缀il常加在以字母l开头的单词前；前缀ir则常加在以字母r5～8.un

前缀un

通常加在形容词前或加后缀才得来的形容词或副词的前面，表示“不、非”的意思，friendly友好的→unfriendly不友好的，

happy开心→unhappy不开心9～10.

en

前缀en

通常加在形容词前面，表示“使……”的意思，rich丰富的→enrich使丰富，使充实；able能够→enable使能够

。一般的前缀不会改变词性，但前缀en

会改变所加的单词的dis

表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀dis可以加在名词的前面，honesty诚实→dishonesty不诚实。en

前缀en

也可以加在名词前面，表示

“使……”的意思，danger→endanger危及。non

前缀non

构成形容词、副词和名词，dis

表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀dis可以加在名词的前面，comfort舒服→ fort不舒服。构词法与高考阅读理解中考纲词的派生词与

词不算生词，不用汉语注明。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。语法填空中必考词类转换。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及以下三条：⑴在句中修饰动词、形容词、另一副词或全句等作状语，用副词。⑵在句中作定语、表语或补语，一般用形容词。⑶作主语、作及物动词或者介词的宾语，用名词。3.短文改错中也必考不同词性在句中的不同用法。1.(2011年)Hemustbe

(mental)

disabled.解析：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。3.(2010年)His

teacher

took

a

deep

drink,s

d

(warm),

and

thanked

his

student

verymuch

for

the

sweet

water.解析：修饰谓语动词s

d，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。近年

高考

：4.(2009年)But

Jane

knew

from

past

experiencethather

(choose)

of

ties

hardly

ever

pleasedher

father.解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。5.(2008年)This

proverb

is

saying

we

have

to

letthingsgointheir

(nature)

course.解析：在名词course前作定语，要用形容词，故填natural。1.

I

was

supposed

to

arrive

at

the

airportheld

up

by

the

heavy

traffic

jam.2.

Therefore,

when

they e

older

theyare

unable

(able)

to

do

any

other

kind

ofwork.on

time.

unfortunay_

(fortunate),

I

was灵活运用3.

Very

early

the

next

morning,

amazingly,we

got

comple y

satisfied

in

a

totallyunexpected

(expect)

way.4.

I

won’t

do

the

purchase

becausetheprice

of

this

dress

is

unreasonable

(reason).Job

appli_cants

(apply)

need

to

showtheir

ability

to

be

both anized

andflexible

in

taking

on

many

tasks

at

thesame

time.All

facts

are

the

source

of

conclusions(conclude).7.

However,

most

scientists(science)

agreethatEQhasalottodowith

education(educate).English

are

of

(important).importance8.Excellent

oral

and

written

communication(communicate)

skills

inChinese

and9.

Fresh

fruits

and

vegetables

canprovide

much

of

our

daily

requirement(require).10.

It

is

your

freedom

(free)

to

dowhat

you

want

after

class.11.

Asis

known

to

us

all,

the

Entrance

Examisagreat

compe,tiatniodnthestudentsare

comp.

e(ctoitmorpsete)I

am

thankful

(thank)

toyou

for

yourhelp.He

gave

me

some

constructive(construct)suggestions.A

jury’s

decision

in

a

court

case

must

beabsolu

y

objective

(object).He

devotedmu oney

to

buildingschools

in

mountainous

(mountain)areas.Unfortuna y,

my

car

broke

down

on

amuddy

(mud)

road.17.

Everyone

should

playhis

part

inbuilding

a

harmonious(harmony)

society.The

mysterious_(mystery)

letter

sentfrom made

the

professor

lost

inthought.To

make

myself

relaxed

,

Iwould

dosome

relaxing

exercise

after

work.

(relax)20.

All

the

children

felt

_discouraged

when

they

heard

the

discouraging

news.(discourage)21.

We

a_pologiz_ed_

(apology)

for

the

latedeparture

of

this

flight.The

article

can

lengthen

(long)

out

alittle

by

adding

someexamples.His

illness

worsened

(worse)

during

thenight.Letting

that

animal

esc was

noaccident;

you

did

it

intentionally_(intention).The

black

people

were

againstslavery

and

fought

for

their

freedom

bravely

(brave).Our

products

are

sold

worldwide

,(world).He

went

out

ofthe

office

hurriedly_(hurry)

torun

after

her.I

lost

my

balance

and

fell

backward(back).They

live

in

the

western

(west)part

of

the

village.It’s

very

important

to

eat

healthily

(health).二、语篇填空阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。A

father

sat

at

his

desk

looking

at

and

carefullystudying

his

1.

mo_nthly

(month)

bills

when

hisyoung

son

rushed

in

and

announced,

“Dad,because

this

is

your

birthday

and

you’re

55years

old,

I’m

going

to

give

you

55

kisses,

onefor

each

year!”

But

the

father

exclaimed,

“Oh,Andrew,

don’t

t

now;

I’m

too

busy!”(apologetical)

the

father

said,The

youngster

immedia y

fell

2.

silent

(silence)

as

tears

flew

down

from

his

big

blue

eyes.3.

_Apolog_e_tically“You

can

finish

later.”The

boy

said

nothing

but

4.

quietly

(quiet)walked

away,5.

disappointment

(disappoint)written

over

his

face.

That

evening

the

father

said,“Comeand

finish

the

kisses

now,Andrew!”But

the

boy

didn’t

respond._had

an

accident

and

was

drowned.

Hisheartbroken

father

wrote…“If

only

I

could

l

him

how

much

Iregret

my

7. (thought)

words,and

could

be

assured

that

he

knows

howmu y

heart

is

aching.”Unfortuna6.

y

(fortunate),

the

boythoughtless…Love

is

a

two-way

street.

Any

lovingact

must

be

8.

warmly

(warm)

acceptedor

it

will

be

taken

as

9.

rejection

(reject)and

can

leave

a

scar.

Nothing

is

more

10.

important

(importance)

than

respondingwith

love

to

the

cry

for

love

from

those

whoare

near

and

precious

to

us.

Because

…there

may

be

no

chance

at

all

as

in

the

caseof

the

little

boy…一个小孩在父亲55岁生日时想给父亲55个吻，但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再

吻，几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡,

父亲伤心欲绝。故事告诫

，对于那些在

身边，对

弥足珍贵的人，用爱去回应他们爱的渴

望，这最重要不过了。monthly

在名词前作定语用形容词，表示“每月的”填monthly。silent

在系动词felt后作表语用形容词。修饰谓语动词作状语用Apologetically副词。quietly

修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。disappointment

后面有过去分词短语作定语，应是名词。Unfortuna

y

修饰全句作状语用副词，溺水身亡是“不幸地”。thoughtless

在名词前作定语用形容词，根据文意，加表示否定意义的后缀less。warmly

修饰谓语作状语用副词。rejection

在介词后作宾语用名词。important

在系动词is后作表语用形容词.三、单句改错1.

A

difficultwill

be

easier

tocooperate

if

understandis

achieved.understand→understanding

作主语,用名词。2.

The

actually

reasons

for

thisphenomenon

are

the

subject

of

averyheated

discuss