2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号56

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

问题1选项

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。evidence“证据，证明”；hearing“听力；审讯”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正义”；rule“统治，规则”。句意：警察正竭尽全力找出爆炸案的元凶将之绳之以法。选项C符合题意。

2.翻译题

人类是一个不断的自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致。我认为人类掌握了自身的命运，因为人类已经获得创新思维的能力。

创新思维能力的获得大大加速了自然进化的过程。它导致了人类文明诸多方面的巨大进步。如在艺术、文学、医学、技术上，在属于人类智慧扩展前沿科学上尤其如此。然而，正是科学的这些进步使得人类获得了自我毁灭的功能，导致了消灭人类自身的工具的发展。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish

【答案】Humanbeingisaproductoftheconstantevolutionarywhichinvolvesnumerousgenetictransformations,andhasgoneuninterruptedsincetheEarthcameintobeing4.5billionyearsago.Subjecttoenvironmentalfactorsandundergoingrandommutation,thisevolutionaryprocessdevelopsintoamoreadoptablesystemtoensurethecontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thissystemleadstotheevolutionofmoreadvancedspeciesandreachesitspeak.Ithinkhumanbeingsmastertheirowndestinies,fortheyhaveobtainedthecreativethinking.

Creativethinkinggreatlyacceleratesthespeedofnaturalevolution.Itleadstogreatachievementsinhumancivilization,suchasart,literature,medicine,technology,especiallyinsciencewhichstandsfortheforefrontoftheexpansionofhumanintelligence.However,thoseadvancementsinsciencealsoenablehumanstoself-destruction,andresultinthedevelopmentoftoolsfordestroyinghumanbeings.

3.单选题

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

问题1选项

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“尽管”；inasmuchas“因为”。句意：我想没有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因为它让我们成为人类，与其他动物区分开来。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

ThenameofFlorenceNightingalelivesinthememoryoftheworldbyvirtueoftheheroicadventureoftheCrimea.Hadshedied—asshenearlydid—uponherreturntoEngland,herreputationwouldhardlyhavebeendifferent；herlegendwouldhavecomedowntousalmostasweknowittoday—thatgentlevisionoffemalevirtuewhichfirsttookshapebeforetheadoringeyesofthesicksoldiersatScutari.Yet,asamatteroffact,shelivedformorethanhalfacenturyaftertheCrimeanWar；andduringthegreaterpartofthatlongperiodalltheenergyandallthedevotionofherextraordinarynaturewereworkingattheirhighestpitch.Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs；butitwascertainlymoreimportant.Thetruehistorywasfarstrangereventhanthemyth.InMissNightingale’sowneyestheadventureoftheCrimeawasamereincident—scarcelymorethanausefulstepping-stoneinhercareer.Itwasthefulcrumwithwhichshehopedtomovetheworld；butitwasonlythefulcrum.Formorethanagenerationshewastositinsecret,workingherlever:andherreallifebeganattheverymomentwhen,inpopularimagination,ithadended.

ShearrivedinEnglandinashatteredstateofhealth.Thehardshipsandtheceaselesseffortsofthelasttwoyearshadunderminedhernervoussystem；herheartwasaffected；shesufferedconstantlyfromfainting-fitsandterribleattacksofutterphysicalprostration.Thedoctorsdeclaredthatonethingalonewouldsaveher—acompleteandprolongedrest.Butthatwasalsotheonethingwithwhichshewouldhavenothingtodo.Shehadneverbeeninthehabitofresting；whyshouldshebeginnow?Now,whenheropportunityhadcomeatlast；now,whentheironwashot,anditwastimetostrike?No；shehadworktodo；and,comewhatmight,shewoulddoit.Thedoctorsprotestedinvain；invainherfamilylamentedandentreated,invainherfriendspointedouttoherthemadnessofsuchacourse.Madness?Mad—possessed—perhapsshewas.Afrenzyhadseizeduponher.Asshelayuponhersofa,gasping,shedevouredblue-books,dictatedletters,and,intheintervalsofherpalpitations,crackedjokes.Formonthsatastretchsheneverleftherbed.Butshewouldnotrest.Atthisrate,thedoctorsassuredher,evenifshedidnotdie,shewouldbecomeaninvalidforlife.Shecouldnothelpthat；therewasworktobedone；and,asforrest,verylikelyshemightrest...whenshehaddoneit.

Wherevershewent,toLondonorinthecountry,inthehillsofDerbyshire,oramongtherhododendronsatEmbley,shewashauntedbyaghost.ItwasthespecterofScutari—thehideousvisionoftheorganizationofamilitaryhospital.Shewouldlaythatphantom,orshewouldperish.ThewholesystemoftheArmyMedicalDepartment,theeducationoftheMedicalOfficer,theregulationsofhospitalprocedure...rest?Howcouldsherestwhilethesethingswereastheywere,while,ifthelikenecessityweretoariseagain,thelikeresultswouldfollow?And,eveninpeaceandathome,whatwasthesanitaryconditionoftheArmy?Themortalityinthebarracks,was,shefound,nearlydoublethemortalityincivillife.“Youmightaswelltake1,100meneveryyearoutuponSalisburyPlainandshootthem，”shesaid.AfterinspectingthehospitalsatChatham,shesmiledgrimly.“Yes，thisisonemoresymptomofthesystemwhich,intheCrimea,puttodeath16,000men.”Scutarihadgivenherknowledge；andithadgivenherpowertoo:herenormousreputationwasatherback—anincalculableforce.Otherwork,otherduties,mightliebeforeher；butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkdoneduringthelastfiftyyearsofFlorenceNightingale’slifewas，whencomparedwithherworkintheCrimea,allofthefollowingexcept（）.

2.Paragraph2paintsapictureofawomanwhois（）.

3.TheprimarypurposeofParagraph3isto（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetohismaterialis（）.

5.Inherstatement(Paragraph3,Sentence8)MissNightingaleintendedto（）.

问题1选项

A.lessdramatic

B.lessdemanding

C.lesswell-knowntothepublic

D.moreimportant

问题2选项

A.mentallyshattered

B.stubbornandquerulous

C.physicallyweakbutmentallyindomitable

D.purposefulyettiresome

问题3选项

A.accountforconditionsinthearmy

B.showtheneedforhospitalreform

C.explainMissNightingale’smainconcerns

D.arguethatpeacetimeconditionswereworsethanwartimeconditions

问题4选项

A.disinterestedreportingofbiographicaldetails

B.over-inflationofareputation

C.debunkingamyth

D.interpretationaswellasnarration

问题5选项

A.criticizetheconditionsinhospitals

B.highlighttheunhealthyconditionsunderwhichordinarysoldierswereliving

C.provethatconditionsinthebarrackswereasbadasthoseinamilitaryhospital

D.ridiculethedangersofarmylife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:南丁格尔女士后五十年的工作，作者认为是费尽心力的，选项Blessdemanding显然是错误的；作者用legend来形容南丁格尔后来在克里米亚的经历，Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs;butitwascertainlymoreimportant,虽然不那么广为人知，但是却更为重要。选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格尔女士的身体状况：underminedhernervoussystem,herheartwasaffected,fainting-fits,physicalprostration，这都说明她的身体是虚弱的，但是她却依然不忘记工作，显然她的精神依然没被击垮，选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章第三段主要讲述了南丁格尔女士对军队医疗条件的担忧，选项C符合题意。

第4题:作者讲述了南丁格尔女士在克里米亚战后的生活，整篇文章都是对主人公的赞美，但并没有吹捧，选项B排除；选项A与C是否定意味，排除，所以选项D符合题意。

第5题:南丁格尔关注的是军队的医疗条件，最后一段最后一句话butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy，她认为最迫切的问题就是去救助军队里的生命，所以选项B符合题意，她是为了指出普通士兵所生活的不卫生的环境。

5.单选题

JohnglancedatMarytoseewhatshethought,butsheremained（）.

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.obnoxious

C.inscrutable

D.obscene

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“讨厌的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，难以了解的，不能预测的”；obscene“猥亵的，淫秽的”。句意：约翰瞥了一眼玛丽，想知道她在想什么，但是玛丽仍旧保持着神秘的样子。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Theproblemofwherewewillraisethefundsfortheschemehasnotyetbeen（）.

问题1选项

A.accessed

B.addressed

C.dealt

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。access“使用；存取；接近”；address“向……致词；从事；忙于；处理”；deal“处理”；express“表达”。句意：我们应该从何处来募集这个计划的资金这个问题还没有得到处理。deal表示处理后面要接介词with，所以选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Jackneedsstraighteningout;hehasbeen_____thewholefemalepopulationofhisclass.

问题1选项

A.standingupto

B.owningupto

C.messingaroundwith

D.makingupfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。standupto“经得起，抵抗”；ownupto“承认错误”；messaroundwith“胡闹，玩弄”；makeupfor“补偿，弥补”。句意：杰克需要改正错误，因为他一直和班上女生打闹。选项C符合题意。

8.翻译题

我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看：多看看他人，多阅他乡，不但可以认识世界，亦可认识自己。有人旅行时乘豪华游轮，谢灵运再世大概也会如此。有人背负行囊，翻山越岭；有人骑自行车环游天下。这些都令人羡慕。我所倾向的，却是驾车长征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更爱旅行，所以夫妻两人正好互做旅伴，这一点只怕徐霞客也要羡慕。不过徐霞客是大旅行家、大探险家，我们，只是浅游而已。

【答案】Inmymind,everybodylovestolookaround,meetingmorepeopleandvisitingmoreplaces.Theycannotonlyunderstandtheworld,butalsorecognizethemselves.Someofthemtraveledbyacruise,andXieLingyunmaybeoneofthemifhewouldreincarnate.Somepickedupthetravelingbagacrossthemountains.Sometraveledaroundtheworldbybike.Alloftheseareenviable.Ijustprefertodrivealongjourneyandseetheendsoftheearth.MywifeisfondoftravelingthanI,andthereforewetwoaretravelingcompanion,whichmaybeenviedbyXuXiake.ButXuisagreattravelerandexplorer.Weonlysuperficiallytravel.

9.单选题

Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasily（

）inthecrowed.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.identifiable

C.negligible

D.incredible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。accessible“易接近的，可进入的”；identifiable“可辨认的，可认明的”；negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的”。句意：她穿着亮黄色的外套，在人群中很容易被认出来。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Ican（）thehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.

问题1选项

A.putinfor

B.putupwith

C.putdown

D.putacross

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。putinfor“申请”；putupwith“容忍，忍受”；putdown“记下，放下”；putacross“圆满完成，使被接受”。句意：我可以忍受房子不整洁，但是我讨厌房子不干净。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Wearetoldthatthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogramme,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtosomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirownlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnonotethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarryandwhichmay,conceivablygotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesareresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobserve—fleetingly—individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,issufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesire,tokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.TheorgansoftheEstablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandWhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathatthenwillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquirydonotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiriesmightreallyhurt,Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptions.Ofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestiontheseclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogrammersgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

Theresultcanbeseeninahundredradioandtelevisionprogrammersasplainlyasinthenormaltreatmentofpublicissuesinthepopularpress.Differentlevelsofbackgroundinthereadersorviewersmaybeassumed,butwhatusuallytakesplaceisasubstitutefortheprocessofarrivingatjudgment.Programmerssuchasthisarenoteworthylessforthe'stimulation'theyofferthanforthefactthatthatstimulation(repeatedatregularintervals)maybecomeasubstitutefor,andsoahindranceto,judgmentscarefullyarrivedatandtestedinthemindandonthepulses.Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything.

1.TheauthorholdsthattheEstablishmentshouldtryto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmasscommunicationsdealwithintellectualmatters,theyshould（）.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraljusttoshow（）.

4.Theword“fleetingly”inParagraph1means（）.

5.Inthepassagetheauthorcriticizesthemassmediafor（）.

问题1选项

A.doagoodservicetosociety

B.altertheformofpublicinstitutions

C.maintainitspositioninsociety

D.kindlestrongemotionsinthepublic

问题2选项

A.lookonthemasadomesticpastime

B.regardthemasmostpressingmatters

C.thinkofthemascontroversialmatters

D.considerthemtobeofonlydomesticinterest

问题3选项

A.sometimespayingcloseattentiontodetailsisextremelyimportant

B.greatworksofartusuallyneedgoodandsolidfoundations

C.theancientsocietyhaddifferentbeliefs

D.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialsonly

问题4选项

A.attentively

B.transiently

C.Sentimentally

D.strictly

问题5选项

A.theirwideningthegapbetweenreadersorviewers

B.theirfailingtoreachanydefiniteconclusionsoverwhattheyreport

C.theirsettingtoointellectualastandard

D.theircateringforasmallnumberofaudiences

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章第二段提到无论这些组织的初衷有多么美好，也不管它们的形式是什么样的，比如国家、教会、社团、政党等等，都只会为了平衡各方的利益而屈从于现状，所以作者认为应该努力改变公共机构的形式，选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段最后一句话Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything提到大众传媒让知识事宜失去本来的活力，让它们坐在壁炉旁，有序却无用，就像一场家庭游戏。由此可以看出，大众传媒在处理知识相关的事情时，把它看作一场娱乐。选项A符合题意。

第3题:从文章第一段最后三句提到通过练石场的大量石头，人们可以想象出这些石头极有可能被用来建教堂。大众传媒不能建大教堂，而且它们展示石头的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用对比手法的目的只是为了说明要想得到某些有价值的结果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:attentively“聚精会神地”；transiently“短暂的”；sentimentally“多情地”；strictly“严格地”。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大众媒体不能对所报道的内容给出绝对真实的评论，所以选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Legislationhasbeendevelopedthroughoutthe20thcenturyattemptingtoprotectemployeesfrom（）dismissalbytheiremployers.

问题1选项

A.unrecognizable

B.undeniable

C.unreachable

D.unjustifiable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unrecognizable“未被承认的，无法认出的”；deniable“不可否认的，无可争辩的”；unreachable“不能得到的；不能到达的”；unjustifiable“不合道理的；不能分辨的”。句意：发展贯穿整个20世纪的法律是为了保护员工，让他们不再被雇主无理由解雇。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

I’msorryI’mlate—Ihadamental（

）andforgetthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.

问题1选项

A.aberration

B.perversion

C.imbalance

D.sanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。aberration“神经迷乱；离开正路；越轨”；perversion“反常，颠倒，曲解”；imbalance“不平衡，不安定”；sanity“明智，头脑清楚”。句意：很抱歉我迟到了。我有点精神恍惚忘记了今天还有个会议。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Shedescribedthedistributionoffoodandmedicalsuppliesasa（）nightmare.

问题1选项

A.paranoid

B.putative

C.benign

D.logistical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。paranoid“像偏执狂的；患偏执狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公认的”；benign“（气候）良好的，仁慈的，和蔼的”；logistical“逻辑的，运筹的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和医疗供应描述成是一场后勤的噩梦。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

MississippialsoupholdstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople；balmyyear-roundweatherandtruly（）cuisine.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.horrible

C.amiable

D.delectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive“破坏性的”；horrible“可怕的”；amiable“亲切的”；delectable“美味的”。空格处用来修饰cuisine（烹饪）这个单词，前文是讲密西西比为什么这么出名，所以选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Thesmallbuildingwasmarkedwithamodestbrass（

）

,statingthenameandthebusinessoftheoccupiers.

问题1选项

A.plaque

B.plateau

C.plague

D.plaster

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近名词辨析。plaque“匾额”；plateau“高原”；plague“瘟疫”；plaster“石膏”。句意：这座小小的建筑有一块黄铜匾额，上面写着主人的名字还有营业内容。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

问题1选项

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

问题2选项

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

问题3选项

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

问题4选项

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

问题5选项

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一句提到1986年一位两岁的小孩意外去世，其父母没有得到赔偿，因为小孩没有给家里带来收入。所以可以推断，19世纪意外死亡的赔偿是根据人能否创造经济价值来决定的。选项A符合题意。

第2题:题干中的1800’s与第一段的1896对应，所以19世纪早期注重的是孩子的经济价值，所以选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章最后一段提到所谓的社会经济学家认为人的一切社会活动都是把金钱放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），选项B符合这一原则。

第4题:文章没有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，选项A排除；文章没有通过对比来分析历史，选项C排除；作者并没有表明对社会现象的传统解释的态度，选项D排除。所以选项B符合题意，文章主要在讲述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild这本书。

第5题:第三段第二句话Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影响儿童价值的因素包括：成熟的工业体系导致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是儿童的死亡率下降，家庭成员间的关系。四个选项中只有D选项没有提及，所以D选项符合题意。

18.翻译题

由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。

大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确实有浓厚的趣味。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】Welearnnothingmorethansomebasicallycommonknowledgefromprimarytosecondaryschool.Evenifduringfour-yearuniversitylife,weweretaughtonlyrudimentsofscholarship.Universitiesareusuallyknownas“thehighesteducationalinstitution”,whichislikelytocausethemisunderstandingthatthereisnomoretolearnafteruniversity.

Theresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarethecertainplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttastingoflearningwherefocusonresearchmethodandpractice.Knowledgeisinfiniteandlifeislimited.Thus,ancientpeopleneverstoptheirstudyevenwhentheywereveryold.However,therewasstronginterestinthisprocess.

【解析】

19.单选题

IthinkI’dliketostayhomethisevening（

）goingoutasitisrainingtooheavily.

问题1选项

A.betterthan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.soonerthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。betterthan“超过，多于，好于”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；ratherthan“而不是；宁可……也不愿”；soonerthan“早于”。句意：我今晚想待在家里，而不是出去，因为外面下大雨。选项C符合题意。

20.单选题

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

问题1选项

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。worthless“不值钱的，无价值的”；priceless“无价的，极贵重的”；valueless“无价值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的学识和经验将成为团队无价的资产。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Iignoredanoldwomanwhoaskedmeformoneyinthestreetyesterdayandit’sbeenonmy（

）eversince.

问题1选项

A.morality

B.conscience

C.morale

D.rationale

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。onmyconscience“我的良心受谴责”。句意：我无视了一个在街上向我借钱的老妇人，这让我的良心很不安。选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseofthe