新视野大学英语4期末考试范围

本材料为新视野大学英语4Unitl-Unit5SectionA课后练习

根据老师的出题范围有所删减Unit1③Asthegenderbarriers(crumbled),thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid-20thcentury.Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcan(discern)customertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsalesperformance.Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbutto(surpass)hispersonalgoals.Heisamanwitha(n)(shrewd)businesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.The(conversion)ofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedto(distort)thescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother'sskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodalifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedas(radiant)asamaninhisforties.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebut(ingenious)codewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.Thesenatorsdidn'texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygot(stumped)anddidn'tknowwhattosay.Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthe(proposition)thatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.Unit2③Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschool(deficient)inliteraryandreasoningskills.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw,everycitizenissubjecttopossible(prosecution)ifheviolatesthelaw.Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledtopubic(outrage)asexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices.Thedeliciousmeal(appeased)ourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafterhavingwalkedinthesnowallday.Themilitaryinsistson(conformity)inmanyareas,forexample,dressandhaircut,withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity.Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga(n)(strand)ofitshairandthenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit.Whensheleftfortheparty,shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoes(complement)herdress.Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfor(transient)immigrantspassingthroughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.Theyhadjustmovedin,sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchen(appliances)zincludingamicrowaveoven,atoaster,andacoffeemaker.Shewantedabeautifulandelegant(outfit)toattendtheweddingofafriend,butcouldn'tfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.Unit3③Thecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitintoaplaceof(exquisite)beauty.Asthesun(dispersed)theclouds,weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsintheforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveeverseeninmylife.Thebigcompany(decentralized)theiroperationslastyearandopenedseveralregionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.Itisnoteasyto(deduce)atrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincetheyarequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications,microwaveovensnowhavebecomeastandard(fixture)ofmostmodernkitchens.Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthat(frugality)isthekeytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhattheteenagersthinkbutoldenoughto(administrate)theirprograms.Whenaskedaboutherwhereaboutsat9o'clockthatnight,shegavearather(disjointed)response,whichcaughtthedetective'sattention.(Reviving)thestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficitdownnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.Aconsiderableperiodoftimehasto(elapse)beforetheeffectsofsuchsecuritymeasuresasclosed-circuittelevisioncamerasandcell-phonemonitoringbecomeevidentinreducingcrimes.Unit4③Iwillconductatop-to-bottomreviewofthestatedepartments,agencies,andcommissions,andseekto(consolidate)ortoeliminatethemwhereappropriate.Toa1O-year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelpher(differentiate)betweenfantasyandreality.Whenweheardaboutthe(dreadful)sufferingofthechildrenandadults,ourprimaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound,tooursadnessandsurprise,thatwewere(incompatible).Itwas(alleged)thathehadtakena$50,000bribebeforetheprojectwastransferredtoanothercompany.Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas"(bizarre)"and"inappropriate"bypeopleobjectingtoit.Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutaboutthe(correlation)betweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthanoverlapping.Currentexpenditureinthismuseumis(negligible)incomparisonwiththehugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.Theairandriversinthisareaaregettingcleaner;andattemptstopreserveanimalspeciesandtheir(habitats)havebeenmainlysuccessful.Ifyoucanproviderationaland(intelligible)debatesfromanunbiasedpointofview,maybewewillalllearnsomething.Unit5③Althoughhewasnotalegalexpert,heknewitwouldnotbeproperto(fabricate)anythingtomisleadthepublic.Hedoesnotworkfulltimethere,buthehasbeenthe(nominal)headoftheorganization'sscholarshipprogramforfiveyears.AsMarkwalkedthesitesonthatinitialtripofthemigrants,hefoundsomeimportant(temporal)clues-datedbustickets,shoppingreceiptsandcalendars.Inurbanplanning,itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationthe(reciprocal)influencebetweenthetransportationnetworkandotherfacilities,forexampleshoppingcentersandmedicalcenters.Thelabel"SmartChoices"onthefrontoffoodpackagesusually(denotes)productsthatmeetcriteriaforlowerfat,sugarandsodium(钠)content.ThepublichighschoolgraduationratesinNewMexicoandArizonahavebeenincreasingforthree(consecutive)years,thankstoanonlineprogramthathelpsstudentsearnmissingcredits.Intheaccidentattheairshowlastweek,apilotand10(spectators)werekilledwhenafighterplanecrashedintothecrowd.Themotherwasnotsurewheretheboyswent,butshedidhearthem(muttering)somethingaboutgoingoutforamoviewithfriends.ThisnewlyreleasedportraitofPlanetEarthisactuallya(composite)ofseveralpicturestakenearlierthismonthbyanewresearchsatellite.Youshouldn'tfeelinsulted.Wecanassureyouhemeanttobefriendlyandtherewasnothingimpoliteor(malicious)inhiswords.Unit1⑦Thebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildings(weredrippingwith)greenmoldandmoisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarily,lookingdowntoavoidthesight.Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoods(inexchangefor)rawmaterialsfromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.Knowingjusthowquicklyawildfirecanspread,someresidentsofthevillagedecidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflames(flaredup)nearby.Biologyteachersoften(makeananalogybetween)theheartandapumpinordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.Theywouldliketo(setadatefor)theirweddingandannouncetheirengagementtotheirfamiliesandfriendsassoonaspossible.Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofonejealousclassmatetryingto(1)(make)afool(2)(outof)himinfrontoftheentireclass.Thecouple(madeapact)nevertoworkatthesametime,sothatoneofthemwasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty,andtheirchildwouldn'thavetobelookedafterbystrangers.Thepresidentsaidthat汜stheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry,andthathe(hadappealedto)theworldforhelp,askinginparticularforheavy-lifthelicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas.Unit2⑦Everymonth,theCommunityServicesCenteroffersseverallecturesonhealthandfitness(inhopesof)introducingpeopletohealthierlifestyles.Doyouknowwho(cameupwith)theideaofhavingcheesecakefordessertyesterday?Itwasdeliciousandmadeeveryonehappy.ThepainmedicationleftClaudiafeelingratherdullandsleepy,andsoonafterdinnersheapologizedforbeingsuchpoorcompanyand(excusedherself)tobed.WhenIwasyoung,I(wasobsessedwith)maps,andIsometimesspentthewholedaychartinglandroutesfromonepointtoanother.Tomakeimmigrantscomfortable(reachingoutto)policeforhelp,morethan70citiesnowbarpolicefromaskingthemtoprovetheirlegalstatus.Marywasoftenaccusedof"havingastrongpersonality"becauseshewasnotafraidto(voiceanopinionon)subjectsaboutwhichshewasknowledgeable.Attheendofhisterminoffice,thegovernorwascriticizedforfailureto(liveupto)hiscampaignpromise.Resultsofasurveyrevealedthatofthetop10automobilemakers(intermsof)customersatisfaction,sixwereJapaneseandtwowereGerman.Unit3⑦Becauseofhisquietpersonality,manypeoplesaidtheywouldnotelecthimpresidentoftheinstitutethoughthey(1)(held)him(2)(inhighregard).PetergraduatedfromcollegeinJuneandstartedhisworkintheautocompanyinAugust.(Intheinterim),hetookatriparoundthecountry.Whenhisadvertisementusingthenewdigitaltechniquedrewasmanyas5,000responsesovernight,heknewhe(wasontosomething).Whenstudentsaremoreinvolvedintheiracademicandextracurricularactivities,theywillexperiencearichercampuslife,which(inturn)benefitstheirdevelopment.Thescientistsoftheresearchcenterkeepthegoodhabitofsumminguptheirexperience(fromtimetotime).Whenevertheolderkidsinschooltriedto(pickon)herbrother;shewouldnotbeafraidtostandupforhim.Ifhedoesn'ttrytogetaticketnow,he'sprobablynotgoingtogetone.So,hemightwantto(takeastabat)itonemoretime.Therearealotofreasonsforreplacingyourharddriveoraddinganewonetoyouroldcomputer,buttheyall(boildownto)theneedformorespace.Unit4⑦Afterthepainter'smovetoParisin1904,Picasso'sRosePeriodpaintings(tookon)awarmerandmoreoptimisticmoodthanthepreviousBluePeriod.Thereareanumberofdifferentoccasionswhenyoumightbe(calledupon)tomakeaspeech.Therefore,youneedtopracticehowtospeaktoalargeaudience.SchoolsintheUSbelievethatcheatinginexaminations(runsagainstthegrain)ofthe"honorsystem"proposedbyTomasJeffersonhundredsofyearsago.Beingamajorglobalconcern,rapidpopulationgrowthisbelievedbymanyto(beincompatiblewith)sustainablemanagementoftheenvironment.Itseemsthatmanypeoplehave(comethrough)periodsofstress,withmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Moreandmorenativeplantsdisappeareveryyear.Savingthemisimportantbecauseourownsurvival(isboundup)withtheirfate.Iゼsuptoyouto(differentiatebetween)thosewhohaveyourinterestsatheartandthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofyou.AlthoughJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotternovelsarewrittenfor"ages9-12",they(havestruckachordwith)manyolderreaders.Unit5⑦Wechattedforhalfanhourbeforehefinally(gottothepoint):HewantedtoworkasabusinessconsultantandwonderedifIcouldpassalongthenamesofcertainpotentialclients.Scientistsattheresearchcenteridentifiedvariousfeaturesthat(areattachedto)thecommoditiespurchasedbyfemaleconsumers.Thethreemountainclimbers(wouldhavestarvedtodeath)ifthevillagershadnotfoundthemlyingatthebottomofthevalley.Theboylookeduptimidlyathisfatherwhowassittingnexttohim,buthedidn'tstopcrying.(Ifanything),hiscryingbecamemoreintense.Sincenooneknewhowthediseasespread,they(weresuspiciousof)everything,includingmosquitoes,swimmingpools,andpeoplefromotherneighborhoods.Atthepressconference,thegovernmentspokesmanavoidedansweringthequestionabouthealth-carereformdirectly.Insteadhejust(wanderedaround)totalkabouttheharsheconomicsituation.Mr.Rogers,whomyoumetinthemuseumyesterday,worksasasoftwareengineerandplaysfolkmusic(ontheside).Theseschoolswereselectedforoursurveybecausethecompositionoftheirstudentbodies(wasrepresentativeof)thedistrict'senrollment,whichincludedalargeproportionofchildrenfromimmigrantfamilies.英译汉UNIT1AristotlewasanancientGreekphilosopherandscientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics,biology,zoology,logic,ethics,poetry,theater,music,linguistics,politicsandgovernment,andconstitutethefirstcomprehensivesystemofWesternphilosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科,包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府,构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。Aristotlewasthefirsttoclassifyareasofhumanknowledgeintodistinctdisciplinessuchasmathematics,biology,andethics.亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的

人,如数学,生物学和伦理学。Hebelievedallpeople'sconceptsandalltheirknowledgewereultimatelybasedonperception,他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力〇Hisviewsonnaturalscienceslaidthegroundworkformanyofhisworks.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。Hecontributedtoalmosteveryfieldofhumanknowledgeinhisera.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。Hisworkscontaintheearliestknownformalstudyoflogic,andeventodayallaspectsofAristotle'sphilosophycontinuetobetheimportantsubjectofacademicstudy.他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究,即使在今天,亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。Hisphilosophyhadalong-lastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofallWesternphilosophicaltheories.他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。Morethan2,300yearsafterhisdeath,Aristotleremainsoneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersandscientists,在去世2,300多年后,亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。UNIT2WilliamShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminent（杰出的）dramatist.人们普遍认为,威廉?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoavastnumberoflanguagesandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.他的剧本被译成多种语言,并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。Shakespeare'searlyworksweremostlycomediesandhistories,莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。whichhavethereputationofbeingamongthefinestmasterpiecesproducedinthesegenres（体裁）eventoday.即使在今天,这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作,享有绝佳声望。Lateron,Shakespearewrotemainlytragedies,someofwhich,likeHamletandKingLear,earnedhimfameintheentireWesternliterature.后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧,其中一些作品,如《哈姆雷特》和《李尔王》,为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。ThemoststrikingfeaturesofShakespearearehisbrilliantuseoflanguageandhisuniversalthemes.莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。HecontributedthousandsofwordstoEnglish,manyofwhichhavebecomeembeddedinthelanguage.他创造了数千个英语词汇,其中许多已经深植于英语中。Histhemesaresouniversalthattheytranscendgenerationstostirtheimaginationsofreadersandaudiencesworldwide.他的作品主题具有普遍意义,所以能够数代流传,激发世界各地读者和观众的想象カ。Shakespearehasinfluencedandinspiredmanywritersoverthecenturies,数世纪以来,莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。Hiswritingsremainhighlypopulartoday,andtheyareconstantlystudied,performed,andreinterpretedindiverseculturesthroughouttheworld.其作品至今依旧广受欢迎,在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。Shakespearewillcontinuetohaveanenormousimpactonfutureplaywrights,novelists,poets,actors,andscholars.莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。UNIT3WiththedevelopmentofcomputerscienceandtheInternettechnology,socialnetworkingservices（SNS）havecometobeawidelypopularplatformtobuildsocial

networksorsocialrelationsamongpeopleinrecentyears.近年来,随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展,社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的ー个广受欢迎的平台。SNSareweb-basedservicesthatallowindividualstocreateapublicprofile,createalistofuserswithwhomtoshareconnection,andviewandcrosstheconnectionswithinthesystem.SNS是基于网页的服务,允许个人创建面向公众的个人简介,创建用户名单以分享社会联系,并对系统内的关系网进行浏览和交叉连接。Socialnetworkingsitesarevariedandtheyincorporatenewinformationandcommunicationtools,allowinguserstoshareideas,pictures,posts,activities,events,interestswithpeopleintheirnetwork.社交网站多种多样,可整合各种新的信息及通讯工具,并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。SNShaveaffectedthesociallifeandactivityofpeopleinvariousways.SNS已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活动。Withitsavailabilityonmanymobiledevices,asocialnetworkingserviceallowstheuserstocontinuouslystayintouchwithfriends,relativesandotheracquaintanceswherevertheyareintheworld,aslongasthereisaccesstotheInternet.随着各种移动设备对SNS访问的实现,只要能连接上互联网,用户在世界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。Asocialnetworkingservicecanalsounitepeoplewithcommoninterestsandbeliefsthroughgroupsandotherpages,andhasbeenknowntoreunitelostfamilymembersandfriendsbecauseofthewidespreadreachofitsnetwork.SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人通过群组或其他页面建立联系,同时,由于其网络分布广阔,还能让失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚,这点早已为人所知。UNIT4BaroquearchitectureisabuildingstylethatflourishedinEuropebetweenthelate16thandmid-18thcentury.巴洛克建筑是ー种建筑风格,兴盛于16世纪晚期至18世纪中期的欧洲。ItevolvedoutofRenaissancearchitectureinItaly,whentheRenaissancearchitectsbegantogetboredofthesymmetry（对的（）andsameoldformstheyhadbeenusingforthepast200years,andstartedtomakebold,curvingandnotatallsymmetricalbuildingscalledtheBaroquebuildings.它由意大利文艺复兴时期的建筑发展而来,当时文艺复兴建筑师开始对过去200多年来一直沿用的对称的、一成不变的旧建筑形式感到厌倦,开始建造醒目的、具有曲线性而非对称的巴洛克建筑。Baroque-stylebuildingssharesomecommoncharacteristics.巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特征。Marble,gilt（镀金）andbronzewerethematerialstheBaroquearchitectsusedinabundance.大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克建筑师大量使用的材料。OvalwasthemostdistinctandaverycommonshapeincorporatedintoBaroquearchitecture.椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜明且十分常见的形状。Dramaticuseoflightisimportant,andisachievedeitherthroughstronglight-and-shadecontrastsoruniformlightingbymeansofwindows.戏剧性的光照运用也是其重要特征,主要是通过强烈的光影对比或由窗户进入的均匀光线来实现。Opulentuseofcolorandornamentsisprevalent,ascanbeseeninthelarge-scalefrescoes（湿壁画）paintedontheceilings.丰富的色彩和装饰运用也很常见,这从天花板上的大幅壁画中可以看出。Thereisusuallyacentralprojectionthatisquitelargeandjutsoutward,anddomeserectedinapearshapeareoftenseen.巴洛克建筑通常正中还有一个相当大并且向外突出的部分,梨形的拱顶也

十分常见。Themostwell-knownBaroquebuildingsincludetheSt.Paul'sCathedralintheUKandthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance.最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英国的圣保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。GianLorenzoBerniniandFrancescoBorrominiwerethetwomainarchitectsoftheBaroqueera,杰安・劳伦佐・贝尼尼和弗朗西斯科・博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。UNIT5TheRenaissancewasaninfluentialculturalmovementwhichbroughtaboutaperiodofscientificrevolutionandartistic