非谓语动词的时态语态课件

非谓语动词的时态、语态

主动语态

时态．不定式动名词分词

一般时tododoingdoing

进行时tobedoing

完成时tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone

被动语态

一般时tobedonebeingdonedone

进行时beingdone

完成时tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone非谓语动词的时态、语态1动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作，（即是不明确过去，现在或将来的动作）或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作WeareinterestedinclimbingmountainsIprefersingingtodancing2如果强调动名词的完成时，要用完成形式Iregrethavingtakenheradvice.Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式HeenteredtheroomwithoutbeingseenHerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild4如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.Tomregrettednothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作，2不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight

不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主语)不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时3句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被4分词时态、语态的用法

如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.

分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed

如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurt

beingcarriedontoanambulance.分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作5Task:

completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?themaidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书）14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedoneTask:completethefollowing6二、不省“to”的情况(1)在usedto\begoingto\meanto\oughtto\planto\tryto\wouldliketo\wouldloveto\hopeto\wantto下列句子中，to通常都得留Eg:Hedoesn’tgetupearly,butheusedto–canyouworkoutthismathsproblem?--I’lltryto(2)在be+adj(如：glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready）等此后保留toEg：---Wouldyouliketojoinusinthegame?---I’dloveto3.在ask,advise,allow,permit,persuade,tell,wish等词的复合结构中to通常保留Eg:Dotheexperimentasyourteachertellsyouto4.不定式的否定形式后保留toEg:HewantedtoquizschoolandIadvisedhimnotto注：to后若是主动词have或be时，必须保留。Eg:---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework.---YououghttohaveOurschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe二、不省“to”的情况7

Wh-+todo结构

1作主语Whentostart\Howtogothere\Wheretogo\Whotodoithasnotbeendecided.2宾语。在discover,findout,know,see,show,understand等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用wh--+to结构，在下列词中也带这种结构,decide,learn,remember,forget,wonderIdon’tknowwhentostartwhotodoit\howtodoit\wheretogo\whethertodoit3表语Theproblemiswhentostartit\whotodoit\howtogothere\wheretogo4状语。Shewasataloss(asto)whattodo她不知如何是好5同位语：Ihavenoideawhichonetotake我不知道该拿哪个注：why(not)do…Wh-+todo结构1作主语Whentosta8Task:

completethefollowingsentences1.__________________(什么时候动身）isstillundecided.2.Theproblemis________________________(去哪）？3.Idon’tknow_________________________(选择哪一个）4.Doyouunderstand____________________(如何操纵这台电脑）?5.______________________(谁适合这项工作)isstillunknown.6.Ihavenoidea____________________________(为什么不去北京）7.You’d

better_______________________(不要忘记过去）8.Iwouldratherstarvetodeath___________________(也不去乞讨）9._____________(我宁愿考试不及格）ratherthancheatintheexam10.Noonesupportedmeatthemeeting,so_________(我只得放弃）11.WhatIwanttodois____________________(帮你提高英语）12.Icoulddonothingintheworld_________（只能在词在等一小时）13.------Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdayparty?------________________(我很想去），butI’mtoobusy.14.Ourschool_______________________(已不是以前的老样子了）15.Myhometown_____________________(还是以前的老样子）16.Heattemptedtoquizhisjoband___________(我们都劝他不要）WhentostartoffwheretogowhichonetochoosehowtorunthecomputerWhotobefitforthejobwhynotgotoBeijing.notforgetthepastratherthangobeggingI’dratherfailtopassIcannotbutgiveuphelpyouimproveyourEnglishbutwaithereforanotherhourI’dlovetoisnolongerwhatitusedtobeiswhatiswasbeforewealladvisedhimnottoTask:completethefollowing9非谓语动词的复合结构

一．不定式的复合结构forsbtodosth1作主语:It’seasyforustorememberafewnewwords2作宾语:IfinditimpossibleforTomtopasstheexam.3作表语:Thisisforyoutodecide4定语:Ihavealotofworkforyoutodo5状语:Theboxistooheavyformetotake

二、分词的复合结构(词/代词（主格）+分词)在句中多用来作状语Hefelltotheground,nosebleedingHecameintotheroom,hairtiedback.

三、动名词的复合结构（名词或代词的所有格+doing)1作主语:Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangryIt’snouseyourtellingmenottoworry2作宾语:Motherinsistedonmybrother’sgoingtocollegeWouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名词也可不用所有格3作表语:Whatistroublingusistheirnothavingenoughmoney非谓语动词的复合结构10With结构With+名词或代词（宾格）+名词（短语）+不定式（短语）+现在分词（短语）+过去分词（短语）+介词短语+形容词（短语）+副词（短语）HecameintotheroomwithTomandJanehisclassmateswithalotofworktodowithhisnosebleeding.withhishairtiedattheback.withapairofsunglassesonhisnose.withhisfaceredwithcoldwithnothingon.Doyouknowtheboy……?With结构With+名词或代词（宾格）+名词11分词和不定式的独立成分

分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语）strictlyspeaking,generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingbyFrom，broadlyspeakingtalkingof,considering,supposingTaking…intoconsideration,Strictlyspeaking，thissentenceiswrong.Judgingbythefacts,Tomtoldusthetruth.Thehousecosthim,roughlyspeaking,200,000dollars

不定式或不定式短语作独立成份（状语或插入语）totell(you)thetruth,tobe,honest,tobefrank,tobeexact,tobebrieftobeginwith,tostartwith,todohimjustice(说句对他公道的话）Totellyouthetruth,IdowanttolearnEnglishwell.Tobefrank,youhaveprobablydonewrongtoher.Todohimjustice,heisquitefitforthejob.分词和不定式的独立成分分词或分12Task:

completethefollowingsentences1.___________________(马丽迟到了）madeherteacherquiteangry.2.___________________(时间允许）,I’llgowithyoutothepark.3.It’seasy_____________________(我们学好英语）4.

Ifinditimpossible____________________(汤姆按时完成作业）.5.Thisis_____________________(有你来告诉汤姆）6.Ihavemanyletters______________(要珍妮来写）7.Theboxistooheavy______________(我抬不起来）8.________________(跟你说实话吧）,Idon’tlikeEnglish9.________________(严格地讲）,thissentenceiswrong.10._______________(说句对他公道的话）,heisnottoblame11._______________(考虑到他的能力），hedidtheworkfairlywell.12._____________(绿色信号灯给过后),carsandbusesbegantomove.13.Heclimbedoverthefence,___________________(手里拿着刀）.14.Hewenttothepostoffice____________________(要买几张邮票）15.Hewentoutofthepostoffice________________(买了几张邮票）16.Tomcameintotheroom,____________________(手被绑在背后）Mary’scominglatetoschoolTimepermitting,forustolearnEnglishwellforTomtocompletehishomeworkintim.foryoutotellTomforJanetowriteformetocarryTotellyouthetruthStrictlyspeaking,TodohimjusticeTakehisabilityintoconsideration,Greensignalsgiven,swordinhandwithafewstampstobuywithafewstampsboughthandstiedatthebackTask:completethefollowing13非谓语动词的时态、语态

主动语态

时态．不定式动名词分词

一般时tododoingdoing

进行时tobedoing

完成时tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone

被动语态

一般时tobedonebeingdonedone

进行时beingdone

完成时tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone非谓语动词的时态、语态14动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作，（即是不明确过去，现在或将来的动作）或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作WeareinterestedinclimbingmountainsIprefersingingtodancing2如果强调动名词的完成时，要用完成形式Iregrethavingtakenheradvice.Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式HeenteredtheroomwithoutbeingseenHerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild4如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.Tomregrettednothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作，15不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight

不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主语)不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时16句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被17分词时态、语态的用法

如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.

分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed

如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurt

beingcarriedontoanambulance.分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作18Task:

completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?themaidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书）14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedoneTask:completethefollowing19二、不省“to”的情况(1)在usedto\begoingto\meanto\oughtto\planto\tryto\wouldliketo\wouldloveto\hopeto\wantto下列句子中，to通常都得留Eg:Hedoesn’tgetupearly,butheusedto–canyouworkoutthismathsproblem?--I’lltryto(2)在be+adj(如：glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready）等此后保留toEg：---Wouldyouliketojoinusinthegame?---I’dloveto3.在ask,advise,allow,permit,persuade,tell,wish等词的复合结构中to通常保留Eg:Dotheexperimentasyourteachertellsyouto4.不定式的否定形式后保留toEg:HewantedtoquizschoolandIadvisedhimnotto注：to后若是主动词have或be时，必须保留。Eg:---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework.---YououghttohaveOurschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe二、不省“to”的情况20

Wh-+todo结构

1作主语Whentostart\Howtogothere\Wheretogo\Whotodoithasnotbeendecided.2宾语。在discover,findout,know,see,show,understand等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用wh--+to结构，在下列词中也带这种结构,decide,learn,remember,forget,wonderIdon’tknowwhentostartwhotodoit\howtodoit\wheretogo\whethertodoit3表语Theproblemiswhentostartit\whotodoit\howtogothere\wheretogo4状语。Shewasataloss(asto)whattodo她不知如何是好5同位语：Ihavenoideawhichonetotake我不知道该拿哪个注：why(not)do…Wh-+todo结构1作主语Whentosta21Task:

completethefollowingsentences1.__________________(什么时候动身）isstillundecided.2.Theproblemis________________________(去哪）？3.Idon’tknow_________________________(选择哪一个）4.Doyouunderstand____________________(如何操纵这台电脑）?5.______________________(谁适合这项工作)isstillunknown.6.Ihavenoidea____________________________(为什么不去北京）7.You’d

better_______________________(不要忘记过去）8.Iwouldratherstarvetodeath___________________(也不去乞讨）9._____________(我宁愿考试不及格）ratherthancheatintheexam10.Noonesupportedmeatthemeeting,so_________(我只得放弃）11.WhatIwanttodois____________________(帮你提高英语）12.Icoulddonothingintheworld_________（只能在词在等一小时）13.------Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdayparty?------________________(我很想去），butI’mtoobusy.14.Ourschool_______________________(已不是以前的老样子了）15.Myhometown_____________________(还是以前的老样子）16.Heattemptedtoquizhisjoband___________(我们都劝他不要）WhentostartoffwheretogowhichonetochoosehowtorunthecomputerWhotobefitforthejobwhynotgotoBeijing.notforgetthepastratherthangobeggingI’dratherfailtopassIcannotbutgiveuphelpyouimproveyourEnglishbutwaithereforanotherhourI’dlovetoisnolongerwhatitusedtobeiswhatiswasbeforewealladvisedhimnottoTask:completethefollowing22非谓语动词的复合结构

一．不定式的复合结构forsbtodosth1作主语:It’seasyforustorememberafewnewwords2作宾语:IfinditimpossibleforTomtopasstheexam.3作表语:Thisisforyoutodecide4定语:Ihavealotofworkforyoutodo5状语:Theboxistooheavyformetotake

二、分词的复合结构(词/代词（主格）+分词)在句中多用来作状语Hefelltotheground,nosebleedingHecameintotheroom,hairtiedback.

三、动名词的复合结构（名词或代词的所有格+doing)1作主语:Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangryIt’snouseyourtellingmenottoworry2作宾语:Motherinsistedonmybrother’sgoingtocollegeWouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名词也可不用所有格3作表语:Whatistroublingusistheirnothavingenoughmoney非谓语动词的复合结构23With结构With+名词或代词（宾格）+名词（短语）+不定式（短语）+现在分词（短语）+过去分词（短语）+介词短语+形容词（短语）+副词（短语）HecameintotheroomwithTomandJanehisclassmateswithalotofworktodowithhisnosebleeding.withhishairtiedattheback.with