2022年catti三级口译英译汉测试题及答案

2022年catti三级口译英译汉测试题及答案习题1Spanishoffices,storesandhospitalityvenueswillnolongerbeallowedtosettheircoolingsystemsbelow27degreesCelsius(81oFahrenheit)insummernorraiseheatingabove19oCinthewinterunderanewsetofenergy-savingmeasurespassedMonday.西班牙8月1日通过系列节能新政，要求企业、商店和招待场所夏季空调温度不得低于27摄氏度，冬季空调温度不得高于19摄氏度。Shopswillalsobeobligedtokeepdoorsclosedandheatingsystemsmustbecheckedmoreoftentoincreaseefficiencyunderthenewmeasures,SpanishEcologicalTransitionMinisterTeresaRiberasaid.西班牙生态转型部长特里萨•里贝拉称，在新措施实施后，商店需要关好大门，并必须更频繁地检查供暖系统以提高效率。Themeasuresincludeswitchingoffstorewindowlightsafter10pm.Streetlightingwillnotbeaffected.新政策还包括商店橱窗的照明必须在晚上10时后关闭。街道照明将不受影响。RiberasaidthemeasureswouldinitiallybemaintaineduntilNovember2023.里贝拉称，初步预计这些措施将持续到2023年11月。

PrimeMinisterPedroS6nchezannouncedthenewpackagelastweek,saying,“Youjustneedtowalkintoashoppingmalltorealizethatmaybethetemperatureissettoolow.”西班牙总理佩德罗•桑切斯上周宣布了新的一揽子计划，他说：“你只要走进一家购物中心，就会意识到温度可能设定得太低了。”Spanishpublicinstitutionsalreadyoperatesimilarenergy-savingregulations.西班牙公共机构已经实施了类似的节能法规。Thegovernmentsaysthemeasureswillnotonlysaveenergybutwillalsobringdownbillsforhouseholdsandbusinesses.政府表示，这些措施不仅能节约能源，还能减少家庭和企业的支出。SpainisoneofthehottestEuropeancountriesinsummer.Thecountryhasalreadyhadtwoheatwavesthisyearwithtemperaturesoftensurpassing40degreesCelsius(104F)forseveraldaysinarow.TemperaturesareforecasttosoaragaininthefirstweeksofAugust.西班牙是夏天最热的欧洲国家之一。该国今年已经经历了两次热浪，气温经常连续几天超过40摄氏度，预计8月前几周气温将再次飙升。习题2

Anyonewhorefusesadouble-dogdareisliabletobelabeledachicken.Howdogsfoundtheirwayintodarecultureremainsabitofamystery-butthereasoncowardsarecalled“chickens“isslightlyclearer.任何拒绝接受挑战的人都很容易被贴上懦夫(chicken)的标签。为什么挑战(double-dogdare)会和狗扯上关系现在还是一个谜，但是懦夫被称为chicken的原因倒是略微明朗一些。AccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,theearliestwritteninstanceofthewordchickeninthecravensensecomesfromWilliamShakespeare,sCymbeline,circa1616."Forthwiththeyfly,Chickens,nhewrote,describingsoldiersfleeingabattlefield.根据《牛津英语词典》的解释，chicken一词和懦夫含义相关的最早的书面实例来自威廉吸士比亚创作于1616年左右的《辛白林》。莎士比亚在这个剧本中形容逃离战场的士兵时写道：“他们随即飞奔而逃，懦夫们。”ButasGrammarphobiareports,domesticfowlhadbeenassociatedwithanabsenceofbraverylongbeforethe17thcentury.Oneplayfromaround1450describedacowardasa“henne-harte,“andpoetJohnSkeltonlikenedsomespinelesscourtierstowhen-heartedcuckoldswinhispoemWhyComeYeNattoCourtecirca1529.

但是据“语法恐惧症”网站介绍，早在17世纪前，鸡就和胆小关联在一起。创作于1450年左右的一部戏剧将懦夫描述为“母鸡心脏”，诗人约翰•斯凯尔顿在他创作于1529年左右的诗歌《为何你们不上朝？》中将一些谄媚无骨的朝臣比作“鸡心王八”。Hensmayhaveseemedespeciallytimidbecauseroostersweretypicallycharacterizedasplucky.Ifyouwerealeader,adauntlesswarrior,orjustadominantpresenceinthemid-16thcentury,someonemightcallyoua"cock"(asacompliment).Andwhenpeoplefirststartedusingthetermhentotagsubmissiveorcowardlyfolksinthe1600s,theywereoftenjuxtaposingitwithcock.或许因为公鸡通常都被描述得很大胆，从而让母鸡相形之下显得特别胆小。如果你是16世纪中叶的一个领导者、一个无畏的战士或一个重要人物，有人可能会叫你“公鸡”(作为赞美)。17世纪人们刚开始用母鸡来指代顺从懦弱的人时，通常都会与公鸡一词并列。Take,forexample,theclosingstanzaofalate17th-centuryballadknownasTaylor*sLamentation：举17世纪晚期的一首民谣《泰勒的悲叹》的末节为例："Eversincethenshebearssuchasway,ThatIamfore'dherLawstoobey.SheistheCockandIamtheHen,Thisismycase,Oh!pitymethen.”

“从那以后她就说一不二，她的命令我都得服从。她是公鸡而我成了母鸡，这就是我的命运，哎，可怜我吧。”Thesexistsubtexthereisn'texactlyhidden：Femalechickens,likefemalehumans,arecharacterizedassubduedandfaint-hearted,takingcuesfromtheirvalorousandpowerfulmalecounterparts.Anytimethescriptisflipped,pityisinorderforthepoorman.Fortunately,thelessgenderedphrase(hensandroostersareallchickens)wonoutovertime,thoughit'snottotallyclearwhy.Chickenmeaningfool-whichmayhavebeenanoffshootofgoose-as-fool-firststartedshowingupinprintaround1600.Soitseemspossiblethatthecowardconnotationcaughtonpartlybecausethetermalsoworkedasamoregeneralinsult,too.在这里字里行间都可以看出带有性别歧视的隐含意思：母鸡和女人一样被刻画成顺从胆小的形象，只能听命于勇敢强大的雄性。只要脚本一反转，可怜的男人就应该受到同情。幸运的是，随着时间流逝chicken这个不带有强烈性别色彩的词胜出了，母鸡和公鸡都统称为chicken,尽管原因不是很清楚。17世纪前后，用鸡(chicken)来指代傻瓜的用法首次出现在印刷品中，这可能是鹅带有的傻瓜含义的衍

生用法。所以鸡带有的懦夫含义一部分可能是因为这个词同时也具有更普遍的侮辱含义。习题3InflationandcrimehavegottensobadinNewYorkCitythatevencheapmeatlikeSpamhastobelockedup.纽约市的通货膨胀和犯罪率达到空前水平，商家不得不把午餐肉罐头等廉价肉制品都锁起来。AtDuaneReade'sstoreinthePortAuthoritybusdepot,theshelf-stableproduct-only$3.99acan-isnowbeingstockedinplastic,anti-theftcases.在位于港务局公交站的杜安里德便利店里，这种售价为3.99美元（约合人民币27元）的耐储藏午餐肉罐头被存放在塑料防盗盒里售卖。"I'veneverseenthatbefore!”onecashierlaughedwhileusingamagnettoremoveacanofSpamfromitscage.一位收银员笑着用磁铁从盒子里取出一罐午餐肉说，“我从没见过这种情况！”Thecashierwasamongtheemployees,touristsandstoreregularsstunnedthattheiconicblue-and-yellowcansarenowbeingkeptunderlock-and-key.收银员、店员、游客和店里的常客对此场景都感到震惊。

JennyKenny,43,whowasvisitingfromLouisville,KY,wasawareoftheongoingcrimewaveshittingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco,butstillcouldn'tbelievethesightof“somanythingsinboxes.”43岁的顾客珍妮•肯尼来自肯塔基州路易斯维尔市，她表示，自己知道犯罪浪潮正在席卷纽约和旧金山等地，但仍然不敢相信店家“把这么多食物锁在盒子里”。“Someofthesethingsareprettyridiculous,wshesaid.她说：“有些事情相当离谱。”Aspricesandcrimeskyrocket,NewYorkCitystoreshavetakentolockingupstaplesliketoothpasteandsoaptopreventcrooksfromstealingandthenhawkingtheproductsonthesidewalkoronlinemarketplaceslikeAmazonandeBay.随着物价上涨、犯罪率飙升，纽约的商店已经开始给牙膏和肥皂等日常用品上锁，以防小偷偷窃这些产品，并在路边或亚马逊和易趣等网站兜售兜赃物。Employeesatthestoresaidtheftshavebeensurgingoverthepasttwo-plusyears,withoneestimatingaminimumoffourshoplifterseveryeveningshift.该店员工表示，在过去两年多的时间里，盗窃案持续激增，有员工估计，每个夜班至少会出现四个小偷。

Withinflationoutofcontrol-theconsumerpriceindexspiked9.1percentinJunecomparedtoayearago,evenasPresidentBidenlastweekrefusedtoacknowledgethenationisinarecessiondespitetheeconomycontractingtwoquartersinarow-emboldenedthieveshavefoundareadymarketfordiscountedstolengoodsamongrecession-wearyconsumers.6月消费者价格指数同比上涨9.1%,尽管美国经济连续两个季度出现萎缩，但美国总统拜登上周仍拒绝承认经济处于衰退之中。由于通货膨胀失控，胆大包天的小偷在深受经济衰退影响的消费者中找到了“销赃的市场”。PetitlarcenycomplaintsfortheNYPDMidtownSouthPrecinct,whichincludesthePortAuthoritybusterminal,haveshotup52percent-to1,771,throughJuly24-comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.截至7月24日，港务局公交总站所在辖区的纽约警局中城南分局处理的小型盗窃案同比增加了52%,达到1771起。习题4BoostingdomesticdemandandstabilizingthepropertysectorwillbekeyprioritiesforChina'scentralbankfortherestoftheyearinordertokeepthenation'seconomicrecoverywellontrack,officialsandexpertssaid.

官员和专家称，为了保持经济复苏的势头，刺激内需和稳定房地产业将是中国人民银行下半年工作的重中之重。Theloanprimerates,China'smarket-basedbenchmarklendingrates,maydeclineinthesecondhalfasthecentralbanktampsdownfinancingcostsinordertospurcreditdemandandalleviatefinancialrisksfacingthepropertysector,theysaid.官员指出，为了刺激信贷需求和化解房地产业的金融风险，人民银行下半年可能会下调贷款基准利率来降低融资成本。TheirremarkscameafteremergingsignsthatChina'seconomicrecoverymayhaveslowedduetolukewarmmarketdemand,asubduedhousingmarketandrenewedCOVID-19cases.当前由于市场需求疲软、楼市萎靡和疫情反复，有迹象显示中国经济复苏可能会放缓。Toconsolidatetheeconomicrecovery,thePeople'sBankofChina,thecountry'scentralbank,pledgedatameetingonMondaytoamplifysupportforenterprises'creditexpansionandbringtheroleofeffectiveinvestmentfurtherintoplay.人民银行在8月1日的一次会议上提出将加大对企业的信贷支持，发挥有效投资的关键作用，巩固经济回升向好趋势。Effortswillbemadetomaintainsteadyloangrowth,promotedeclinesinreallendingrateswhilekeepingthem

overallstable,andmakegooduseoffinancialtoolstosupportinfrastructureconstruction,thecentralbanksaidinastatementafteritsmidyearworkmeeting.央行在年中工作会议后发布的声明中称，下半年将保持贷款持续平稳增长，引导实际贷款利率稳中有降，用好政策性开发性金融工具,重点发力支持基础设施领域建设。Thecentralbankwillalsokeepfinancingofthepropertysectorstableandimplementdifferentiatedcreditpoliciesbasedontheconditionsoflocalpropertymarkets,aspartofitseffortstoresolverisksinkeyareas,thestatementsaid.声明称，央行还将保持房地产融资渠道稳定，因城施策实施好差别化住房信贷政策，防范化解重点领域风险。Expertssaidthestatementindicatesthatexpandingdomesticdemandandresolvingpropertysectorriskswillbeatthetopofthecentralbank'sagenda,followingacontractioninChina'smanufacturingactivitylastmonththatpointstoslowereconomicmomentum.专家表示，从声明中可以看出，扩大内需和化解房地产业风险将是央行的首要工作任务。7月制造业活动收缩意味着经济增长势头放缓。Theofficialmanufacturingpurchasingmanagersindexdroppedto49inJulyfrom50.2inJune,whichexperts

attributedtoweakeningmarketdemand,includinginthepropertysector.官方发布的制造业采购经理指数从6月的50.2回落至7月的49,专家将其归咎于包括楼市在内的市场需求疲软。ZhuHaibin,JPMorgan*schiefChinaeconomist,saiditiscriticalforthecentralbankandotherauthoritiestostepupeffortstomitigatetheliquiditywoesfacingpropertydeveloperstopreventmajorriskspilloversintoothersectorsoftheeconomy.摩根大通中国首席经济学家称，为了防止房地产业的风险向其他经济领域大幅扩散，央行和其他政府部门应推出更多措施来缓解房地产开发商面临的流动性危机，这很关键。ThecentralbankalsovowedtomaintainfinancialmarketstabilityattheMondaymeeting.Duetoariseingeopoliticaluncertainties,thebenchmarkShanghaiCompositeIndexshed2.26percenttoTuesday'scloseat3,186.27points.在周一的会议上，央行还承诺将保持金融市场总体稳定。由于地缘政治不稳定因素的增多，8月2日上海证券综合指数收盘下跌2.26%,报收3186.27点。Withcontrollableinflationallowingthecountry'smonetarypolicytoremainaccommodative,China'seconomicgrowthmayoutpacetheworldthisyearandattractmoreglobal

fundsintothenation'scapitalmarket,saidChannelYeung,amarketanalystatfinancialtradingplatformFXTM.金融交易平台富拓外汇的市场分析师沙内乐•杨指出，通胀可控的现状让中国的货币政策保持较强的可调节性，今年中国的经济增速可能会超出全球平均水平，并吸引更多外资进入国内资本市场。习题5InflationandcrimehavegottensobadinNewYorkCitythatevencheapmeatlikeSpamhastobelockedup.纽约市的通货膨胀和犯罪率达到空前水平，商家不得不把午餐肉罐头等廉价肉制品都锁起来。AtDuaneReade'sstoreinthePortAuthoritybusdepot,theshelf-stableproduct-only$3.99acan-isnowbeingstockedinplastic,anti-theftcases.在位于港务局公交站的杜安里德便利店里，这种售价为3.99美元（约合人民币27元）的耐储藏午餐肉罐头被存放在塑料防盗盒里售卖。"I'veneverseenthatbefore!”onecashierlaughedwhileusingamagnettoremoveacanofSpamfromitscage.一位收银员笑着用磁铁从盒子里取出一罐午餐肉说，“我从没见过这种情况！”

Thecashierwasamongtheemployees,touristsandstoreregularsstunnedthattheiconicblue-and-yellowcansarenowbeingkeptunderlock-and-key.收银员、店员、游客和店里的常客对此场景都感到震惊。JennyKenny,43,whowasvisitingfromLouisville,KY,wasawareoftheongoingcrimewaveshittingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco,butstillcouldn,tbelievethesightof“somanythingsinboxes.”43岁的顾客珍妮•肯尼来自肯塔基州路易斯维尔市，她表示，自己知道犯罪浪潮正在席卷纽约和旧金山等地，但仍然不敢相信店家“把这么多食物锁在盒子里”。“Someofthesethingsareprettyridiculous,wshesaid.她说：“有些事情相当离谱。”Aspricesandcrimeskyrocket,NewYorkCitystoreshavetakentolockingupstaplesliketoothpasteandsoaptopreventcrooksfromstealingandthenhawkingtheproductsonthesidewalkoronlinemarketplaceslikeAmazonandeBay.随着物价上涨、犯罪率飙升，纽约的商店已经开始给牙膏和肥皂等日常用品上锁，以防小偷偷窃这些产品，并在路边或亚马逊和易趣等网站兜售兜赃物。

Employeesatthestoresaidtheftshavebeensurgingoverthepasttwo-plusyears,withoneestimatingaminimumoffourshoplifterseveryeveningshift.该店员工表示，在过去两年多的时间里，盗窃案持续激增，有员工估计，每个夜班至少会出现四个小偷。Withinflationoutofcontrol-theconsumerpriceindexspiked9.1percentinJunecomparedtoayearago,evenasPresidentBidenlastweekrefusedtoacknowledgethenationisinarecessiondespitetheeconomycontractingtwoquartersinarow-emboldenedthieveshavefoundareadymarketfordiscountedstolengoodsamongrecession-wearyconsumers.6月消费者价格指数同比上涨9.1%,尽管美国经济连续两个季度出现萎缩，但美国总统拜登上周仍拒绝承认经济处于衰退之中。由于通货膨胀失控，胆大包天的小偷在深受经济衰退影响的消费者中找到了“销赃的市场”。PetitlarcenycomplaintsfortheNYPDMidtownSouthPrecinct,whichincludesthePortAuthoritybusterminal,haveshotup52percent-to1,771,throughJuly24-comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.截至7月24日，港务局公交总站所在辖区的纽约警局中城南分局处理的小型盗窃案同比增加了52%,达到1771起。习题6

TheenhancedstandingoftherenminbiasakeyglobalreserveassetwillfurtherboosttheChinesecurrency'sacceleratedmarchtowardplayingamorecentralroleintheinternationalfinancialgovernancesystem,officialsandexpertssaid.政府官员和专家称，人民币作为主要国际储备资产地位的提高,将进一步推动人民币在国际金融治理体系中发挥更核心的作用。Nevertheless,morereformandopening-upofChina'sfinancialmarketsarestillnecessaryfortherenminbitobecomeawell-acknowledgedglobalcurrencyliketheUSdollarandtheeuro,theyadded.不过，他们认为，要使人民币成为美元和欧元那样获得广泛认可的全球货币，中国金融市场仍需深化改革开放。TakingeffectonMonday,theInternationalMonetaryFundhasraisedtheweightingoftherenminbiinthebasketofcurrenciesthatmakeuptheSpecialDrawingRights-aninternationalreserveassetalsoknownastheSDRs-by1.36percentagepointsto12.28percent.自8月1日起，国际货币基金组织(IMF)将人民币在特别提款权(SDR)货币篮子中的权重上调至12.28%,提高了1.36个百分点。特别提款权是一种国际储备资产。

TheIMFmadethedecisionfortheweightinghikebasedondevelopmentsinglobaltradeandfinancialmarketsfrom2017to2021.Aftertheweightingincrease,theChinesecurrencycontinuestoholdthethird-largestoverallsharewithintheSDRbasket,behindthedollarandtheeurobutaheadoftheJapaneseyenandtheBritishpound.IMF根据2017年至2021年全球贸易和金融市场的发展情况作出了该决定。在权重上调后，人民币在SDR篮子中的总体份额保持在第三位，仅次于美元和欧元，但高于日元和英镑。Asevidenceofthehastenedprogressoftherenminbifurtherintegratingwiththeglobalfinancialgovernancesystem,expertssaidtheweightingincreasewillhelpboostoverseasholdingsofrenminbi-denominatedassetsandsolidifymarketconfidenceinthecurrency.专家表示，人民币在SDR篮子中权重提升是人民币融入全球金融治理体系步伐进一步加快的证据，将有助于提升人民币资产的国际吸引力，提振市场对人民币的信心。TherenminbihasretaineditspositionasthefifthmostactivecurrencyforglobalpaymentsbyvalueinJune,withashareof2.17percent,upfrom2.15percentamonthearlier,accordingtotheSocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication,orSWIFT.

环球银行金融电信协会(SWIFT)数据显示，6月人民币在全球支付货币排名中保持全球第五大最活跃货币的位置，占比2.17%,高于一个月前的2.15%。Asfortherenminbi*sfunctionasareservecurrency,itsshareinglobalforeignexchangereserveshasrisento2.88percentasofthefirstquarter,rankingfifthworldwideandmarkingthehighestreadingsincetheIMFbeganreleasingthefiguresin2016.在人民币储备货币功能方面，截至今年一季度，人民币在全球外汇储备中的占比为2.88%,全球排名第五。这是IMF自2016年开始发布数据以来的最高水平。Moreover,theChinesecurrencyhasalsoplayedabiggerroleinsafeguardingglobalfinancialstabilityastheBankforInternationalSettlementssaidinJunethatitwilldevelopaRenminbiLiquidityArrangement.Thearrangementwillactasayuanreservepool,fromwhichparticipatingcentralbankscanobtainrenminbiliquiditywhenneededtodealwithmarketvolatility.此外，人民币在维护全球金融稳定方面也发挥了更大作用。国际清算银行6月份表示，将制定人民币流动性安排，通过储备资金池计划，在金融市场波动时为参加该安排的央行提供流动性支持。习题7

Millionsofpeopleworldwidemayhavelong-termsmellortasteproblemsasaresultofCovid_19,withwomenmorelikelytobeaffected,astudysuggests.一项研究显示，全球数百万新冠肺炎患者可能会长期存在嗅觉或味觉丧失问题，尤其是女性患者。About5%ofadultsinfectedwiththecoronavirusmaydeveloplong-lastingchangestotheirsenseofsmellortaste,accordingtotheresearchpublishedintheBMJ.发表在《英国医学期刊》的研究报告指出，约5%的新冠肺炎成年患者的味觉或嗅觉会发生持久性改变。Withmorethan550mconfirmedCovid-19casestodate,itmeanstheremaybelong-termsmelldeficienciesfor15millionpeopleandtasteproblemsfor12million(withanunknownoverlapofthosesufferingboth)foratleastsixmonthsafteraninfection.迄今为止全世界共有超5.5亿例新冠肺炎确诊病例，这意味着分别有1500万和1200万患者在感染病毒至少6个月后可能面临长期的嗅觉和味觉功能障碍，其中一部分患者嗅觉味觉都会出现问题。Giventhedevastatingeffectthatlossofsmellandtastecanhaveonqualityoflifeandwellbeing,thiswillhaveahugeimpactonglobalhealth,theteamofinternationalresearcherssay.

开展该研究的跨国团队表示，考虑到嗅觉和味觉丧失对生活质量和幸福感的毁灭性作用，这将对全球健康状况产生巨大影响。Lossorchangeofsenseofsmellortastecanleadtouseveredistress”,theysay,andtheycallforhealthsystemstobebetterpreparedtosupportpeoplewhooftenfeel“isolated“whendismissedbyclinicians.研究团队指出，嗅觉或味觉丧失或改变会导致“严重后果”，他们呼吁卫生系统更好地给予支持，这些患者在求助临床医生无果后经常会感到“孤立无援”。Dailyactivitiessuchassmellingcoffeeandtestingtheflavouroffoodcanbecome“disgustingandemotionallydistressing”,expertssay.专家称，对这些患者而言，闻咖啡和品尝食物等日常活动会变得“恶心而痛苦”。Thestudyrevieweddatafrom18studiesinvolving3,699patients.TheresearchersusedmodellingtoestimatehowmanypeoplegoontosufferfromalteredtasteorsmellforatleastsixmonthsafteraCovid_19infection.该研究回顾了涵盖3699名患者的18项研究的数据。研究人员通过要模来估计有多少人在感染新冠病毒至少6个月后嗅觉或味觉发生改变。

Theyconcludedthatanestimated5.6%ofpatientshavesmelldysfunctionforatleastsixmonthsand4.4%havealteredtaste.研究人员估计，分别有5.6%和4.4%的患者在感染病毒至少6个月后出现嗅觉和味觉功能障碍。Womenwerelesslikelytorecovertheirsenseofsmellandtastethanmen,andpatientswithgreaterinitialseverityofsmelllossandthosewithnasalcongestionwerelesslikelytorecovertheirsenseofsmell.相比男性患者，女性患者的嗅觉和味觉更难以恢复，初期嗅觉丧失和鼻塞症状严重的患者更难以恢复嗅觉。Onefemalepatienttoldresearchersthatshehadyettorecoverhersenseofsmell27monthsafterherinitialinfection.一名女性患者告诉研究人员，她在感染新冠病毒27个月后，嗅觉还未恢复。ProfDannyAltmann,aprofessorofinnnunologyatImperialCollegeLondon,whowasnotinvolvedwiththeresearch,said：“StudiessuchasthisalertustothehiddenburdenoutthereofpeoplesufferingwithpersistentsymptomsbutperhapsnothavingthoughtitworthcontactingtheGPontheassumptiontherewouldn,tbemuchtobedone.”

没有参与该研究的伦敦帝国理工学院免疫学教授丹尼•阿尔特曼表示：”这类研究让我们察觉到持续性症状给患者带来的隐性负担,这些人可能以为没必要看医生，因为他们觉得看了也没用。”习题8Luck《祝你好运》Inthefirstfull-lengthfilmfromSkydanceAnimation,TonyAward-nomineeEvaNoblezadaprovidesthevoiceofSam,"theunluckiestpersonintheworld".Havinggrownupinthecaresystem,shehopestonabsomeextragoodluckforafellowfosterchild,andfindsherwaytoarealmwheremagicalcreatures-includingablackcatvoicedbySimonPeggandadragonvoicedbyJaneFonda-manipulatethehumanrace'sfortunes.Itmaysoundfaintlysinister,butthedirector,PeggyHolmes,promisesthatLuckisfullof"positivityandinspiration**.TalkingtoJacksonMurphyatAnimationNow,shesays,"We'veallbeenthroughareallyhardtimetogetherintheworld.Peoplereallywanttositback,relax,andreallybeinspiredtojustkeepgoing.Whenthosebadluckdayscome,justkeepgoingbecausetherearesomegoodluckonescoming,too."在Skydance动画公司制作的第一部长片《祝你好运》中，曾获托尼奖提名的伊娃•诺布勒札达将为“全世界最倒霉的人"山姆配音。

山姆从小在寄养家庭长大,她希望能为一个同为寄养儿童的伙伴搞到一些好运气，于是她就找到了能够操纵人类运气的神奇生物，其中包括一只由西蒙•佩吉配音的黑猫和一条由简•方达配音的龙。这也许听上去有点邪恶，但是导演佩吉•霍姆斯承诺这部电影充满了“正能量和启迪”。在与《AnimationNow》杂志的杰克逊•墨菲交谈时她讲道：“我们共同经历了这个世界很艰难的一段时光。人们真的很想坐下来放松一下，在大受鼓舞之后继续往前走。当厄运降临时，要坚持下去，因为好运总有一天也会到来。”Releasedon5AugustonAppleTV+worldwide该片将于8月5日在AppleTV+平台全球同步上线。Mack&Rita《麦克和丽塔》FromFreakyFridaytoBig,13Goingon30to17Again,lotsofcomedieshaveimaginedyoungmindszappingintoolderbodies,andviceversa.ButthenewfilmfromKatieAselton(TheFreebie,BlackRock)putsafreshspinontheformula,byageingup,ratherthanusingteensandadults.Mack&Ritafeaturesa30-year-oIdauthor(ElizabethLail)whohasalwaysfeltthatshewasa70-year-oIdwomanontheinside.Aftergoingtoanew-ageworkshopinPalmSprings,sheismagicallytransformedintoa70-year-oIdwomanontheoutside,too.Inhernewidentity(DianeKeaton),sheisahappy,relaxed"glammy

granny"social-mediainfluencer,butcanthatmakeupforlosing40yearsofherlife?从《疯狂星期五》到《长大》，从《女孩梦三十》到《重返17岁》，很多喜剧片都将小孩变成大人，或将大人变成小孩。但是凯蒂啊赛尔顿（代表作有《免费赠品》和《黑岩》）导演的这部新片给这一配方加了点新料，让成年人变老，而不是让少年与成年人角色互换。在新片《麦克和丽塔》中，伊丽莎白•莱尔饰演的30岁作家总是觉得自己内心是个70岁的老太太。从棕相泉的一家“新年龄”工作室出来后，她神奇地变成了一个70岁老妇的模样。用这一新身份生活的她成了一个快乐、自在的社交媒体网红，人称“魅力奶奶”（黛安•基顿饰演），但是这能够弥补她失去的40年时光吗？Releasedon12AugustintheUS,CanadaandSpain该片将于8月12日在美国、加拿大和西班牙上映。习题9InflationandcrimehavegottensobadinNewYorkCitythatevencheapmeatlikeSpamhastobelockedup.纽约市的通货膨胀和犯罪率达到空前水平，商家不得不把午餐肉罐头等廉价肉制品都锁起来。AtDuaneReade'sstoreinthePortAuthoritybusdepot,theshelf-stableproduct-only$3.99acan-isnowbeingstockedinplastic,anti-theftcases.

在位于港务局公交站的杜安里德便利店里，这种售价为3.99美元（约合人民币27元）的耐储藏午餐肉罐头被存放在塑料防盗盒里售卖。"I'veneverseenthatbefore!”onecashierlaughedwhileusingamagnettoremoveacanofSpamfromitscage.一位收银员笑着用磁铁从盒子里取出一罐午餐肉说，“我从没见过这种情况！”Thecashierwasamongtheemployees,touristsandstoreregularsstunnedthattheiconicblue-and-yellowcansarenowbeingkeptunderlock-and-key.收银员、店员、游客和店里的常客对此场景都感到震惊。JennyKenny,43,whowasvisitingfromLouisville,KY,wasawareoftheongoingcrimewaveshittingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco,butstillcouldn,tbelievethesightof“somanythingsinboxes.”43岁的顾客珍妮•肯尼来自肯塔基州路易斯维尔市，她表示，自己知道犯罪浪潮正在席卷纽约和旧金山等地，但仍然不敢相信店家“把这么多食物锁在盒子里”。aSomeofthesethingsareprettyridiculous,nshesaid.她说：“有些事情相当离谱。”Aspricesandcrimeskyrocket,NewYorkCitystoreshavetakentolockingupstaplesliketoothpasteandsoaptoprevent

crooksfromstealingandthenhawkingtheproductsonthesidewalkoronlinemarketplaceslikeAmazonandeBay.随着物价上涨、犯罪率飙升，纽约的商店已经开始给牙膏和肥皂等日常用品上锁，以防小偷偷窃这些产品，并在路边或亚马逊和易趣等网站兜售兜赃物。Employeesatthestoresaidtheftshavebeensurgingoverthepasttwo-plusyears,withoneestimatingaminimumoffourshoplifterseveryeveningshift.该店员工表示，在过去两年多的时间里，盗窃案持续激增，有员工估计，每个夜班至少会出现四个小偷。Withinflationoutofcontrol-theconsumerpriceindexspiked9.1percentinJunecomparedtoayearago,evenasPresidentBidenlastweekrefusedtoacknowledgethenationisinarecessiondespitetheeconomycontractingtwoquartersinarow-emboldenedthieveshavefoundareadymarketfordiscountedstolengoodsamongrecession-wearyconsumers.6月消费者价格指数同比上涨9.1%,尽管美国经济连续两个季度出现萎缩，但美国总统拜登上周仍拒绝承认经济处于衰退之中。由于通货膨胀失控，胆大包天的小偷在深受经济衰退影响的消费者中找到了“销赃的市场”。PetitlarcenycomplaintsfortheNYPDMidtownSouthPrecinct,whichincludesthePortAuthoritybusterminal,have

shotup52percent-to1,771,throughJuly24-comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.截至7月24日，港务局公交总站所在辖区的纽约警局中城南分局处理的小型盗窃案同比增加了52%,达到1771起。习题10Peoplewhooftennaphaveagreaterchanceofdevelopinghighbloodpressureandhavingastroke,alargenewstudyhasfound.一项最新的大规模研究发现，经常小憩的人患高血压和中风风险更高。"Thismaybebecause,althoughtakinganapitselfisnotharmful,manypeoplewhotakenapsmaydosobecauseofpoorsleepatnight.Poorsleepatnightisassociatedwithpoorerhealth,andnapsarenotenoughtomakeupforthat,wsaidclinicalpsychologistMichaelGrandnerinastatement.GrandnerdirectstheBehavioralSleepMedicineClinicattheBanner-UniversityMedicalCenterinTucson,Arizona,andwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.临床心理学家迈克尔•格兰德纳声称：“这可能是因为，尽管小憩本身并没有危害，但许多人小憩可能是因为夜间睡眠不佳。夜间睡眠不佳往往与健康状况较差有关，小憩不足以改善健康状况。”格兰

德纳是亚利桑那州图森市班纳大学医学中心行为睡眠医学诊所主任,他没有参与这项研究。Studyparticipantswhotypicallynappedduringthedaywere12%morelikelytodevelophighbloodpressureovertimeandwere24%morelikelytohaveastrokecomparedwithpeoplewhonevernapped.与从不小睡的人相比，白天经常小睡的人随着时间的推移患高血压的可能性增加12%,中风的可能性增加24%。Ifthepersonwasyoungerthanage60,nappingmostdaysraisedtheriskofdevelopinghighbloodpressureby20%comparedwithpeoplewhoneverorrarelynap,accordingtothestudypublishedMondayinHypertension,anAmericanHeartAssociationjournal.TheAHArecentlyaddedsleepdurationasoneofitseightessentialmetricstooptimalheartandbrainhealth.7月25日发表在美国心脏协会杂志《高血压》上的一项研究称,在60岁以下人群中，经常小憩者患高血压的风险比从不小憩或很少小憩的人增加20%。美国心脏协会最近新增睡眠时间作为最佳心脑健康的八个基本指标之一。Theresultsheldtrueevenafterresearchersexcludedpeopleathighriskforhypertension,suchasthosewithtype

2diabetes,existinghighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,sleepdisordersandwhodidnight-shiftwork.即使研究人员排除了高血压高危人群，如患2型糖尿病、高血压、高胆固醇、睡眠障碍和夜班工作的人群，研究结论仍然成立。Theresultsdemonstratethatnappingincreasestheincidenceofhypertensionandstroke,afteradjustingorconsideringmanyvariablesknowntobeassociatedwithriskforcardiovasculardiseaseandstroke,"saidDr.PhyllisZee,directoroftheCenterforCircadianandSleepMedicineatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicineinChicago.位于芝加哥的西北大学范伯格医学院昼夜节律和睡眠医学中心主任菲利斯.泽伊博士称：”研究结果表明，在调整或考虑了许多已知与心血管疾病和中风风险相关的变量后，小睡会增加高血压和中风的发病率。”"Fromaclinicalstandpoint,Ithinkithighlightstheimportanceforhealthcareproviderstoroutinelyaskpatientsaboutnappingandexcessivedaytimesleepinessandevaluateforothercontributingconditionstopotentiallymodifytheriskforcardiovasculardisease,"saidZee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

泽伊称：“从临床角度来看，我认为这说明医疗服务提供者有必要定期询问患者小憩和白天过度嗜睡的情况,并评估其他可能影响心血管疾病患病风险的因素。”Thestudyuseddatafrom360,000participantswhohadgiveninformationontheirnappinghabitstotheUKBiobank,alargebiomedicaldatabaseandresearchresourcethatfollowedUKresidentsfrom2006to2010.该研究数据来自36万名研究对象，他们向英国生物银行提供了关于自己小憩习惯的信息。英国生物银行是一家大型生物医学数据库和研究资源库，从2006年到2010年对英国居民进行追踪研究。PeopleintheUKstudyprovidedblood,urineandsalivasamplesonaregularbasis,andansweredquestionsonnappingfourtimesoverthefouryearstudy.However,thestudyonlycollectednapfrequency,notduration,andreliedonself-reportsofnapping,alimitationduetoimperfectrecall.在这项为期四年的研究中，研究对象定期提供血液、尿液和唾液样本，并回答了四次关于小憩的问题。然而，该研究只收集了小憩频率，而未关注睡眠持续时间，并仅凭研究对象自述，这种方式存在局限性，因为可能出现记忆偏差。"Theydidn'tdefinewhatanapshouldbe.Ifyou'regoingtobesleepingforanhour,twohours,forexample,that'snotreallyanap,"saidsleepspecialistDr.RajDasgupta,an

associateprofessorofclinicalmedicineattheKeckSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.南加州大学凯克医学中心临床医学副教授、睡眠专家拉吉•达斯古塔博士称：“他们没有定义什么是小憩。例如，如果你要睡一两个小时，那就不是真正的小憩。”“Arefreshingpowernapthat's15to20minutesaroundnoonto2pmis100%thewaytogoifyou'resleepdeprived,"saidDasgupta,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Ifyouhavechronicinsomniawedon'tencouragenappingbecauseittakesawaythedrivetosleepatnight."达斯古塔称：“如果你睡眠不足，那么在中午到下午2点左右小睡15到20分钟，提个神是完全可以的。如果你患有慢性失眠症，我们不鼓励你小睡，因为这么做会让你晚上失去入睡的动力。”达斯古塔没有参与这项研究。Mostofthepeopleinthestudywhotookregularnapssmokedcigarettes,drankdaily,snored,hadinsomniaandreportedbeinganeveningperson.在研究中，经常小睡的大多数人吸烟、每天喝酒、打鼾、失眠，并且声称自己是夜猫子。Manyofthesefactorscouldimpactaperson'squalityandquantityofslumber,Dasguptasaid.Poorsleepcauses

"excessivedaytimefatiguewhichcanresultinexcessivenappingduringtheday,**hesaid.达斯古塔称，以上许多因素可能会影响睡眠质量和时间，睡眠不足会导致“白天过度疲劳，导致白天嗜睡”。"Idobelievenappingisawarningsignofanunderlyingsleepdisorderincertainindividuals,**headded."Sleepdisordersarelinkedtoanincreasei