初中英语完型填空解题技巧

初中英语完形填空解题技巧【复习重点】完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考察的形式灵巧，综合性较强，要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能正确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文构造完好，意义畅达。一．完形填空题的特色完形填空题能够较为正确地检查学生的各项知识水平易综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考察内容为：①词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；②固定搭配与习惯表达；③阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。最近几年来，完形填空题更重视对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考察。完形填空题（clozetest）它有以下两大特色和规律：第一，一篇完形填空题是一个有机的整体。只管看起来形式上有残破（若干个空），但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的连接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑次序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。所以，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、了然粗心、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时一定从头至尾依靠语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。特别要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如so,but,however,then,therefore,also等。第二，完形填空题选材宽泛。它波及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。所以，考生做完形填空题时，要迅速通览全文，认识文章概貌与各段落的中情意思，掌握文章要旨脉络，掌握文章作者的企图。二．完形填空题的设空规律为了对完形填空题的各样种类有一个深入的认识，探究一下该题型的设空规律是有必需的。⑴上下文直接信息题：本类题的设置特色是，四个选项之间不存在词义差异和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕获和对上下文示意的领悟。以以下“考题1”中的第7、8、小题。⑵词、句、文三联合理解题：本类题的设置特色是：此中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违反上下句意义的连接或直接与短文内容不符，考生在做这种题时要对各选项的词义作正确的掌握。以以下“考题1”中的第4、5小题。⑶词义辨析题：本类题的设置特色是，各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，可是句子出现了几种不一样的含义。在做这种题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差异。以以下“考题1”中的第1、11、15小题。⑷语法知识和固定短语考察题：考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法构造要正确：如时态、语态等；对固定短语要注意其构造的完好性，以以下“考题1”中的第10小题。⑸行文逻辑和全文中心掌握题：本类题的设空特色是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可致使上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时，考生要注意全文的主线或脉络，认真剖析上下文之间的逻辑关系，进而正确地选出正确答案。以以下“考题1”中的第2、13小题。三．完形填空解题技巧在做这种题的时候，希望考生必定要牢记四个步骤，频频训练，使自己在短时间内有一个比较好的成绩。第一步就是通读全文，领悟粗心，第二步就是紧扣内容，剖析对照备选答案，第三步就是前怕狼后怕虎，全文贯穿,，第四步就是复查查对，决定弃取。1．通读全文，领悟粗心完形填空题不一样于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，依据本句或前后句便可以判断所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完好的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前，一定先阅读全文，了解短文的粗心，这是绝不行省的一步。紧扣内容，剖析对照备选答案完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，常常在每段文章的首句，有时也出此刻文章的中间或结束处。主题句供给全篇的性质、粗心等，这是深入认识全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推断全文的主要内容。剖析时应注意以下几点：当碰到一个需要填的词时，第一要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？假如需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。假如需要填的是形容词或副词，就应试虑是用原级或是比较级，仍是最高等。假如需要填的是动词，则要考虑动词的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和达成式等。假如需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。假如需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词仍是用定冠词。此外要注意一些固定句型。前怕狼后怕虎，全文贯穿短文中每个空白处的正确答案随和上下文在乎思上和构造上都有这样或那样的必定联系。一般说来，所选答案只有和上下文和构造上都符合的时候，才是正确答案。所以，一定注意上下的参照，连接思虑。假如答案一时确立不下来，牢记不要耽搁太久，可暂放一边，待其余答案选好以后，再回过头来认真斟酌。试题所供给的短文能够说是一个整体，空白地方需要选的答案不过整体中的一部分。有时，所选答案从局部看是可行的，但从整体看，不见的是最正确的答案。这时就要局部听从整体，从短文的整体内容出发，从头选择答案。关于那些拿不定想法或未能选答的空白，不要仅限制在与上下文的比较上，要把视线扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，便可豁然爽朗，很简单选出正确答案。复查查对，决定弃取所有题目作完此后，要认真考察查对。填完空白后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完好的认识，对文章的理解也就更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而假如在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其余本来没有注意到的问题，也便可以依据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，频频斟酌，比较异同，进而选择一个更切合文章意义的答案，其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍，凡读起来别扭或答案无切实掌握的地方分别记下来，而后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐个比较，务求一一过关，防止遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不一样，不要急于涂改，待认真商酌核实后，再决定弃取。此外，在平常的练习中，对每一篇完形填空均可重复作上几遍，经过频频的练习，不只能够坚固地掌握所学基础知识，并且能够提升完形填空的应试能力。【例题分析】1．完形填空：阅读下边短文，选出最正确答案：“Ringring”thetelephonesuddenlyrang.Samgotup1tothecall.Itwashisaunt.“Sam,2areyoustillathome?”sheaskedsurprisingly.Sam1ookedattheclock.Itwasalready7:30a.m.“Oh,mygoodness!There’ansimportant3today,”Samshoutedout.Hehurriedtowashhisfaceandget4.Whenhewasgoingtoleavethehouse,he5thathehadnotputawayhisbooks.Heranquicklytothe6andputthemintothebag.Hethenwenttothebusstoptogotoschoolas7ashecould.Whenhegotintotheclassroom,hisclassmateswere8writing.“Whyareyouso9?”askedtheteacher.“I’msorry,sir,”Samanswered,afraidoflooking10.“Itwasmyclock.It11towakemeupthismorningand....”“Don'tsayanythingaboutit,”12histeacherhim.“Don’ttrytocomelatenexttime!”Samsaidyesandwalkedtohis13quickly.Butwhenhetriedtodothepaper,hecouldnot14inarightway.Heputhisheadonthedeskandsaid,“Whata15dayithasbeenforme!”1.A.findB.giveC.putD.answer2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where3.A.talkB.partyC.examD.meeting4.A.tiredB.lostC.dressedD.rested5.A.forgotB.rememberedC.understoodD.thought6.A.classroomB.deskC.busD.door7.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped13.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak15.A.shortB.badC.happyD.usual【限时训练】(A)JackisanEnglishteacheratacollege．HemovedtoNewYorkCitywith_41__family．Jackisanexcellentteacher．Soweallmissedhimverymuchsincehe_42__．Twoweeksago,JackcamebacktoNorthCarolinaforashortvisit．Theteachersandstudentsheldasmall_43__forhim．Attheparty．Icertainlywouldnot_44__thatgoodchancetolearnEnglish．SoItriedtothinkofallkindsoftopicstotalk_45__Grace，anotherEnglishteacher．SuddenlyIheardJacksaytoothers_46__，“IdigNewYork!”IimmediatelyaskedGrace，“IsitreallydifficulttofindajobinNewYork?”WhydoesJack_47__doheavyworksinceheissuchagoodteacher?’’“Whydoyouthinkthat?”Graceaskedme．‘‘Havenyou’theardhim_48__thatheisdiggingNewYork?Ishebuildinganundergroundpassage?”Iasked．WhenshefinallyrealizedwhatImeant，Gracelaughedtotears．Shethenaskedus_49_weknewthemeaningof“IdigNewYork．”Allofusshookour_50__．SoGraceaskedJacktoexplainit?Itturnsoutthat“IdigNewYork”means“IloveNewYork”inAmericanslang(俚语)．(B.hisC.himself(B.leavesC.leave(B.partyC.lecture(B.callupC.giveup(B.atC.of(B.sadlyC.loudly(B.hadtoC.hasto(B.sayC.speak(B.whetherC.what(B.armsC.heads(B)Haveyoueverdonesomethingsillythatmadeyoufeelsoembarrassed(难堪的)?Well，IhadareallybadSaturdaymorning．Iwentshoppinglastweek，_41__mywayhome,Itbegantorain．Iquicklyranintoaphonebox_42__Ididn'thaveanumbrella．ItwasraininghardandIdecidedto_43__inthephoneboxuntilitstopped._44__minuteslater,Isawayoungmanwalkuptothephonebox,wearingayellowraincoatandholdingatoolbox.Ididn’twanttogooutintotherain,soI_45__thephoneandpretendedIwastalkingtosomeone.Ithoughthewouldgoaway，buthedidn’t．Hewaitedinthe_46__rain,watchingmewavemyhandsaboutandactasif1wasdeepinconversation．_47_，therainstoppedafterabouttenminutes

．“OK，Mum，”Isaidloudlyintothephone，“I’llseeyoulater.Bye!”Iputthephonedownandwentoutofthephonebox.“I’msorrytokeepyou_48__forsolong,”Isaidtotheman．“Oh，Idon’twanttousethephone,”hereplied．“I'vejustcometorepairit．Itdoesn’twork．”Myfaceturned_49__andIquicklyranoffwithmyheaddown.Thatwascertainlythemostembarrassing_50__ofmylife!(B.onC.in(B.andC.because(B.liveC.come(B.AlittleC.Alot(B.pickedupC.turnedup(B.strongC.heavy(B.LuckC.Lucky(B.waitingC.waited(B.redC.white(B.wayC.timeC）Everyoneknowspeopleneedwater．Butdoyouknowjusthow__41_wateristolivingthings?Maybeyoufeellucky__42_yourlifeisn’thard.Butitdoesn’tmeanthatyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater．Weallfaceseriouswater__43_．Oneofthemiswaterpollution．Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomes__44_ourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybad__45_peopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,__46_．Now,34percentofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First，theypollutetheair．Then，whenit__47_，therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty．Dirtyrain，calledacidrain，isalsobadforplants，animalsandbuildings．__48_peoplehavemadewellstogetcleanwaterfromunderground.Buttherestillisn’tenough.Scientists__49_thatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon’thaveenoughcleanwater.Whenwedon’ttakecareofourwater，wearehurtingeveryone．It’stimetostartlearninghowtosavemorewaterfor__50_andourchildren．(B.importantC.comfortable(B.whetherC.what(B.problemsC.questions(B.letC.make(B.atC.of(B.eitherC.too(B.rainC.raining(B.manyC.few(B.sayC.speak(B.weC.ourselves【真题操练】AFearsaresomethingweallhave.Youneedtofaceyourfearsandtogetoverthem.However,it'seasier____(41)thandone.Runningawayfromyourfearsdoesn’tmakethemleaveItjustmakesthem__(42)thanever.We'renevergoingtobe__(43)fearlesseverythingwedo,butwecanatleastbemorefearlessand(44)Whatarethefearsthatscareyoumuch?Checkwhattheyareandgetthem_(45)intheopen.Aretheythings__(46)heightorsnakes?Areyouafraidtotalktogirlorboy?Ar.youso(47)thatyouarefearingonsayingthewrongthing?Thesearecommonfearsthat__(48)yourdailylivesBeforeyoucanfacethem,youneedtolearnmoreabout(49)makesyoufearfulofthesesituationsCommunicatingyourfearoneway.Otherpeoplemaybeableto__(50)yourAnxiety(忧虑）becausetheyknowsomethingyoudon’t.Itcouldhefrom8past__(51),somethingthatyoucouldneverforgetandhasmadeyoufearful__(52)thenTofacefears,youhaveto__(53)insomething.It'saveryhealthywayoflettingyoufeel41.AcalledB.actedC.dreamedD.said42.A.louderBsillierC.brighterD.bigger43.A.similarlyB.speciallyC.completelyD.strongly44.A.honestB.confidentC.patientDenergetic45.A.outB.belowC.aboutDaway46A.likeB.behindC.amongDabove47.A.freeB;shyC.politeD.peaceful48.A.wonderB.pretendC.influenceD.save49.A.whoB.whyCwhereD.what50.A.remindB.realiseC.representD.receive51'.A.seasonB.expressionC.subjectD.experience52.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until53.A.believeB.suggestC.dreamD.succeed54.A.guiltyB.wrongC.directD.correct55.A.mostlyB.fairlyC.differentlyD.gentlyBForyearsscientistshavebeenarguingaboutwhethernatureornurture(后天)decideswhatpeoplewillbelike.Isitnature—whatpeopleare(41)with—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?(42)isitnurture—what(43)topeoplewhentheyareborn—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?Scientistshavebeenstudyingtwinsto(44)iftheycanfindtheanswer,becausetwinsstartoutwiththe(45)DNA.Sometimestwinsdon’tlivetogetheratbirthandgrowupindifferent(46)anddifferentplaces—sothenatureisthesameforboth,butthenurtureisdifferent.Whenscientists(47)thesetwinsintheirlaterlife,theysometimesfindsomesurprising(48).JimSpringerandJimLewiswereadopted（收养）bytwodifferentfamiliesatbirth.Theyfirstmeteachotheragainthirty-nineyears(49)anddiscoveredtheyhadalotin(50).Bothhadbeen(51)twice.TheirfirstwiveswerebothnamedLindaandtheirsecondwiveswerebothnamedBetty!Eachtwinhadason—onecalledhissonJamesAlanandthe(52)calledhissonJamesAlan,too.Theirchildreneachhadadogcalled“Toy”They.evenarrivedattheirfirst(53)inthesamecolorofcar.Sofartwin(54)seemtoshowthatbothnatureandnurtureareimportant.Whatwehavefrombirth,andhowandwherewelivehelptobuild(55)weare.B.grownC.taughtD.madeB.AndC.IfD.OrB.happensC.fallsD.dependsB.winC.seeD.planB.sameC.fullD.freeB.citiesC.countriesD.nationsB.suggestC.receiveD.compareB.discoveriesC.resultsD.decisionsB.laterC.forwardD.behindB.factC.dangerD.troubleB.marriedC.succeededD.interviewedB.elseC.otherD.onlyB.educationC.purposeD.meetingB.moviesC.challengesD.mysteriesB.whenC.whereD.whoCSomestudentscheat(舞弊)becausethey’rebusyorlazyandtheywanttogetgoodgradeswithout(41)thetimestudying.Otherstudentsmightfeelthattheycan(42)thetestwithoutcheating.Evenwhenthereseemstobea“goodreason”forcheating,itisn’tagood(43).Astudentwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatest(44)totalkwiththeteacherandhisorherparentssotheycanfindsomebetterwaystogether.Talkingabouttheseproblemsand(45)themoutwillhelpfeelbetterthancheating.I