基础医学专业英语单词

-.-.-可修编--可修编-..系统与局部解剖学系解Aoticorifice主动脉口Coronaryartery冠状动脉Coronarysinus冠状窦Aortamoncarotidartery颈总动脉ExternalcarotidA颈外动脉SubclavianA锁骨下动脉MaxillaryA上颌动脉SuperficialtemporalA颞浅动脉VertebralA椎动脉InternalthoracicA胸廓动脉SuperiorthyroidA甲状腺上动脉AxillaryA腋动脉BrachialA肱动脉RadialA桡动脉UlnarA尺动脉Superior(deep)palmararch掌浅(深)弓Thoracicaorta胸主动脉LeftgastricA胃左动脉monhepaticA肝总动脉SplenicA脾动脉

ObturatorA闭孔动脉CephalicV头静脉BasilicaV贵要静脉BrachiocephalicV头臂静脉ExternaliliacV髂外静脉Inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Hepaticportalvein肝门静脉Menisci半月板Obturatornerve闭孔神经Superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉Hypophysis垂体Sacralplexus骶丛Adductorbrevis短收肌momperonealnerve腓总神经Accessorynerve副神经Metaphysic干骺端Tendocalcaneus跟腱Femoraltriangle股三角Ulnarnerve尺动脉Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉Secondaryportaloflive第二肝门Gastroemius腓肠肌Inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Celiactrunk腹腔干Olive橄榄Arcuateline弓状线Bicepsbrachii肱二头肌Phrenicocolicligament膈结肠韧带Cricoidarch环状软骨Tendinoussheath腱鞘Sympathictrunk交感干Cervicalplexus颈丛Venousvalve静脉瓣Subcostalnerve肋下神经Pharyngealtonsil咽扁桃体Thoracicduct胸导管Coccyx尾骨Greatercurvatureofstomach胃大弯Omentalbursa网膜囊Bipolarneuron双极神经元striatedmuscle横纹肌

sinus窦pectoralismagor胸大肌diaphragm膈inguinalligament腹股沟韧带caudaequnia马尾medullaoblongata延髓rigeminal三叉神经greatersplanchnicnerve脏大神经carpalcanal腕管palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜recotuterinepouch子宫直肠窝poplitealfossa腘窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝costodiaphragmaticrecess肋膈隐窝carotidsheath颈动脉鞘triangleofductusarteriosus动脉导管三角cornea角膜sclera巩膜iris虹膜pupil瞳孔choroidmembrane脉络膜retina 视网膜rodcell视杆细胞conecell 视锥细lens 玻璃体sphincterpupillae瞳孔括约肌dilatorpupillae瞳孔开大肌ciliarybody睫状体opticdisc视神经盘maculalutea黄斑tympaniccavity鼓室bonylabyrinth骨迷路cristaampullaris壶腹嵴vestibule前庭bonysemicircularcanals骨半规管cochlea耳蜗membraneouslabyrinth膜迷路maculascoustic 位觉斑cochlearduct蜗管graymatter灰质whitematter白质ganglion神经节cervical,thoracic,lumber,sacral

nerve(plexus)颈胸腰骶phrenicnerve膈神经brachialplexus臂丛mediannerve正中神经thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经intercostalsnerves肋间神经subcostalnerve肋下神经femoralnerve股神经pudendalnerve阴部神经sciaticnerve坐骨神经tibialnerve胫神经monperonealnerve腓总神经musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经axillarynerve腋神经pyramid锥体decussationofpyramid锥体交叉olive橄榄pons脑桥midbrain中脑cerebralpeduncle大脑桥inferiorcerebellarpeduncle大脑下脚cranialN脑神经nucleusofoculomotornerve动眼神经 accessorynucleus副神经核核E-Wnucleus动眼神经副核oculomotornerve动眼神经trochlearnerve滑车神经trigeminalnerve三叉神经ophthalmicnerve眼神经MaxillaryN上颌神经mandibularnerve下颌神经abducentN展神经hypoglossalN舌下神经facialnerve面神经olfactorynerve嗅神经opticN视神经cillaryganglion睫状神经节abducentnerve展神经hypoglossalnerve舌下神经vestibulocochlearN前庭蜗神经glossophryngealN舌咽神经superiorlaryngealN喉上神经hypoglossalnerve舌下神经nucleusambiguus疑核

dorsalnucleusofvagusnerve 背核mediallemniscus侧丘系spinothalamic tract(lemniscus) 脊髓丘脑束corticospinaltract皮质脊髓束pyramidaltract锥体束superior(inferior) salivatorynucleus上(下)泌涎核nucleusofsolitarytract孤束核gracile nucleus 薄束核 gracilis薄束cuneate nucleus 楔束核 cuneatus楔束cerebellum小脑cerebellarhemisphere小脑半球diencephalon间脑dorsalthalamus背侧丘脑cerebralcortex大脑皮质basalnuclei基底核lateralventricle侧脑室corpuscallosum胼胝体frontal,temporal,occipital,parietal 额，颞，枕，顶叶corpusstriatum纹状体association(missure)fibers联络(连合)纤维internalcapsule囊spinalduramater硬脊膜arachnoidmater蛛网膜piamater软脑膜cavernoussinus海绵窦cerebralarterialcircle(williscycle)大脑动脉环spinalcord脊髓lumbosacralenlargement腰骶膨大conusmedullaris脊髓圆锥anteriorhorn(funiculus)前角(前索)posteriorhorn后角caudaequina马尾nucleusproprius后角固有核intermediolateralnucleus中间外侧核sacralparasympatheticnucleus骶副交

感核tongue舌头lingualmuscle舌肌pharynx咽larynx喉laryngealcavity喉腔nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx咽喉pharyngealrecess咽隐窝pharyngealtensil咽扁桃体esophagus食管stomach胃pancreas胰腺pylorus幽门cardia贲门greatercurvatureofstomach胃大弯superiorduodenalflexure十二指肠上曲ligamentofTreitz，suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指肠悬韧带duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum回肠vermiformappendix阑尾caecum盲肠colon结肠rectum直肠pancreas胰liver肝portahepatic肝门gallbladder胆囊fundusofgallbladder胆囊底colottriangle胆囊三角monbileduct胆总管urinarybladder膀胱renalsinus肾窦fissureofglottis声门裂trachea气管bronchus,bronchi支气管pleura胸膜pleuralcavity胸膜腔hilumoflung肺门kidney肾

renalhilum肾门renalcortex肾实质renalmedulla肾髓质ureter输尿管 uterus子trigoneofbladder 膀胱三角deferentduct,ductusdeferens输精管spermaticcord精索maleurethra男性尿道ovary卵巢uterinetube输卵管fornixofvagina阴道穹atrium心房ventricle心室orificeofsuperiorvenacava上腔静脉口papillarymuscles乳头肌trabeculaecarneae肉柱oropharynx口咽papillae乳头状突起tonsil扁桃体angularincisure角切迹dentateline齿状线conuselasticus弹性圆锥局解颈部Carotidtriangle颈动脉三角External(Internal)jugularvein颈外()静脉moncarotidartery颈总动脉Carotidsinus颈动脉窦Cervicalfascia劲筋膜Vagusnerve迷走神经Accessorynerve副神经Musculartriangle肌三角Thyroidgland甲状腺：Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经Parathyroidglands甲状旁腺Recurrentlaryngealnerve喉返神经Ansacervicalis颈袢Carotidsheath颈动脉鞘Triangleofvertebralartery椎动脉三角手部Palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜Carpalcanal腕管

vocalligament声韧带Midpalmarspace掌中间隙Superficial(deep)palmararch掌浅(深)弓Thenarspace鱼际间隙Tendinoussheathsoffingers指腱鞘Vinculatendinum腱纽Palmarintermediateseptum掌中隔Ulnarbursa尺侧囊Radialbursa桡侧囊腋窝、臂前区及前臂前区axillaryfossa腋窝musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经axillarylymphnodes腋淋巴结clavipectoralfascia锁胸筋膜trilateralforaman三边孔quadrilateralforaman四边孔mediannerve正中神经ulnarnerve尺神经radialnerve桡神经thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经cubitalfossa肘窝poplitealfossalongthoracicnerveveinbasilicvein贵要静脉mediancubitalvein肘正中静脉medianantebrachialvein前臂正中静脉brachialartery肱动脉deepbrachialartery肱深动脉臂后区、前臂后区及手背Humeromusculartunnel肱骨肌管Dorsalvenousreteofhand手背静脉网Extensorretinaculum伸肌支持带下肢Superior(inferiorglutealnerve臀上(下)神经Sciaticnerve坐骨神经Internalpudendalartery阴部动脉Lessersciaticforamen坐骨小孔Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉Fascialata阔筋膜Iliotibialtract髂胫束

Saphenoushiatus隐静脉裂孔Lacunamusculorum肌腔隙Lacunavasorum血管腔隙femoraltriangle股三角femoralsheath股鞘Femoralcanal股管Adductorcanal(Huntercanal)收肌管Adductortendinousopening收肌腱裂孔Obturatorartery闭孔动脉Poplitealfossa腘窝Tibialnerve胫神经monperoneal(fibular)nerve腓总神经Superficial(deep)peronealnerve腓浅(深)神经saphenousnerve隐神经anterior(posteriortibialartery 动脉malleolarcanalRootoflung肺根costodiaphragmaticresess肋膈隐窝Cupulaofpleura胸膜顶：Superiormediastinum上纵隔Azygosvein奇静脉Superiorvenacava上腔静脉Aorticarch主动脉弓Arterialligament动脉韧带Triangleofductusarteriosus动脉导管三角Greater(Lesser)splanchnicnerve脏大(小)神经thoracicduct 结肠下区hepaticportavein肝门静脉suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指肠悬韧带majorduodenalpapilla十二指肠大乳头hepatopancreaticampulla肝胰壶腹superior(inferior)mesentericartery肠系膜上(下)动脉ileocecalvalve回盲瓣radixofmesentery小肠系膜根vermiformappendix阑尾colicmarginalartery边缘动脉

腹膜后间隙renalpedicle肾蒂ureter输尿管renalhilum肾门renalfascia肾筋膜abdominalaorta腹主动脉inferiorvenacava下腔静脉lumbarsympathetictrunk腰交感干cisternachyli乳糜池腹前外侧壁parietalperitoneum壁腹膜sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌superficial(deep)inguinalring腹股沟浅(深)环inferiorepigastricartery腹壁下动脉inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角transversefascia腹横筋膜结肠上区hepaticpedicle肝蒂greater(lessor)omentum大(小)网膜monbileduct胆总管calottriangle卡洛三角，胆囊三角hepatoduodenalligament带

leftgastricartery胃左动脉subphrenicspace膈下间隙portahepatis肝门celiactrunk腹腔干组织胚胎学Histology 组织学Embryology 胚胎学Teratology 畸形Staining 染色Hematoxylin木精Eosin 伊红Section 切片Smear 涂片Tissueculture 组织培养Electronmicroscope 电子显微Intercellularsubstance 细胞间质Basophilia嗜碱Acidopilia嗜酸Epithelialtissue 上皮组织Endothelium 皮

Mesothelium 间Microvilli 微绒毛Cilia纤毛Basementmembrane 基膜Desmosome 桥粒Glandularepithelium 腺上Squamous/columnar epithelium扁平/柱状上皮Loose(dense)connectivetissue 密)结缔组织Collagenousfiber 胶原纤维Elasticfiber 弹性纤Reticularfiber 网状纤维Fibroblast成纤维细胞Fibrocyte 纤维细胞Macrophage巨噬细胞Plasmacell 浆细Adiposetissue 脂肪组织Groundsubstance Mesenchyme间充质Histamine组胺Leukotriene 白三Proteoglycan蛋白多糖Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Cartilage软骨Chondrocyte 软骨细胞Perichondrium 软骨Osseoustissue 骨组Osteocyte 骨细胞Osteon 骨单位Osteoblast 成骨细胞Osteoclast 破骨细Ossification 骨化Serum 血清Erythrocyte红细胞Hemolysis溶血Reticulocyte 网织红细胞

Leukocyte 白细胞Neutrophilicgranulocyte 中性粒细胞Eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒细Basophilicgranulocyte 嗜碱性粒细胞Monocyte 单核细胞Lymphocyte 淋巴细胞Bloodplatelet 血小板Hemopoieticstemcell造血干细胞Skeletalmuscle 骨骼肌Cardiacmuscle 心肌Smoothmuscle 平滑肌Myofibril 肌原纤维Intercalateddisk 闰Sarere 肌节Sarcoplasm肌质Thick(thin)myofilament Terminalcisterna终池Lipofuscin脂褐素Dendrite 树突Axon 轴突Dendriticspine树突棘Synapse突触Astrocyte 星形胶质细胞Oilgodendrocyte 少突胶质细Microglia小胶质细胞Myelinsheath髓鞘Myelinated(unmyelinated)nervefibe有(无)髓神经纤维Tactilecorpuscle触觉小体Ganglion神经节Nisslbody尼氏体Neurofibril神经原纤维Neuroglia 神经胶质Freenerveending 游离神经末Motorendplate 运动终板Epidermis 表皮Dermis 真皮Hypodermis 皮下组织Sebaceousgland 皮脂腺Capillary 毛细血Sinusoid 血窦Arteriole 微动脉Endocardium 心膜Myocardium 心肌膜

Epicardium 心外膜Cardiacvalve 心瓣Bone-marrow dependent 骨髓依赖淋巴细胞lymphoidnodule 淋巴小paracorticalzone 副皮质区whitepulp 白髓blood-thymusbarrier 障periarteriallymphaticsheath 周围淋巴鞘mononuclearphagocyticsystem单核吞噬细胞系统mucousmembrane 粘膜submucosa 粘膜下层tunicamuscularis 肌adventitia 外膜gastricgland 胃底腺parietalcell (oxynticcell) (盐酸细胞)mucous-HCO3barrier 盐屏障absorptivecell 吸收细胞gobletcell 杯状细胞serousalveoli 浆液性腺泡smallintestinalgland 小肠pancreaticislet 胰岛hepaticsinusoid 肝血窦perisinusoidalspace窦周liverlobule 肝小叶bronchiole 细支气管terminalbronchiole终末细支气管respiratorybronchiole呼吸性细支气管pulmonaryalveoli 肺泡blood-airbarrier 气血屏alveolarseptum 肺泡隔renalcorpuscle 肾小体glomerulus 血管球filtrationbarrier 滤过屏障podocyte 足细胞juxtaglomerularplex 球旁复合maculadensa 致密斑nephron 肾单位

proximal(distal)tubule 近(远)端小thinsegment 细段zonaglomerulosa 球状带zonafasciculate 束状带zonareticularis 网状带hypophysis 脑垂体hypothalamus 下丘脑adenohypophysis 腺垂体neurohypophysis 神经垂体spermatogenesis 精子发生sustentacularcell 支持细胞spermatogeniccell 生精细spermatozoa 精子blood-testisbarrier 血睾屏primaryfollicle 初级卵泡secondaryfollicle 次级卵ovulation 排卵menstrualcycle月经周期corpusluteum 黄fertilization 受精cleavage 卵裂blastocyst 胚泡implantation 植入endoderm 胚层mesoderm 中胚层ectoderm 外胚层embryonicdisk 胚盘yolksac 卵黄囊neuraltube 神经管fetalmembrane 胎decidua 蜕膜amnion 羊膜

umbilicalcord 脐带chorion 绒毛膜placentalbarrier 胎盘屏congenitalumbilicalhernia 疝cleftlip 唇裂foramenovale 卵圆tetralogyofFallot 法洛四联症atrialseptaldefect 房间隔缺生理学Plasmamembrane 质膜Biomembrane 生物膜Simplediffusion 单纯扩散Facilitateddiffusion易化扩散Facilitateddiffusionviacarrier 易化扩散Facilitateddiffusionthroughionchannel经通道的易化扩散primaryactivetransport原发性主动转运

secondaryactivetransport继发性主动转运cotransport 联合转运Passivetransport 被动转antiport逆向转运symport同向转运ionpump 离子sodium-potassiumpump钠钾泵calciumpump 钙泵exocytosis 出胞endocytosis 入胞trasmembranesignaltransduction跨膜信号转导trasmembranesignaling跨膜信号传递secondmessenger第二信使Restingpotential 静息电位Hyperpolarization 超极depolarization去极化overshoot 超射repolarization 复极化equilibriumpotential平衡电位K+leakchannel钾漏通道Electrotonicpotential 电紧电Actionpotential 动作电位Spikepotential峰电位After-potential后电位Afterdepolarization后去极Thresholdintensity阈强度All-or-none 全或无Inward(outwardcurrentLocalexcitation 局部兴奋

saltatoryconduction跳跃式传导thresholdstimulus 阈刺激excitability 兴奋性close关闭activation激活inactivation失活excitablecell可兴奋细胞absoluterefractoryperiod绝对不应期relativerefractoryperiod相对不应期effectiverefractoryperiod有效不应期supranormalperiod超常期subnormalperiod低常期acetylcholine,Ach乙酰胆碱neuromuscularjunction神经-肌接头endplatepotential终板电位Sarere 肌节Myofilamentslidingtheory肌丝滑行理论Excitation-contractioncoupling兴奋-收缩耦联Calcium-inducedCa2+releaseIsometriccontraction等长收缩Isotoniccontraction等收缩preload前负荷initiallength初长度optimallength最适初长Afterload 后负荷retanus强直收缩Inpletetetanus pletetetanus完全性强直收缩twitch单收缩contractility收缩能力或收缩性conductivity传导性sinusrhythm窦性节律inwardrectifierK+channel向整流钾通道fast(slow)responseactionpotential快(慢)反应动作电位actionpotentialduration,APD时程transientoutwardcurrent瞬时外向离子流plateau平台

autorhythmiccell自律细胞diastolicdepolarization舒去极化pacemakercurrent起搏电流resting备用(静息)activation激活inactivation失活effectiverefractoryperiod有效不应期prematuresystole期前收缩extrasystole期外收缩pensatorypause代偿间歇autorhythmicity自动节律性cardiacarrthythmia心律失常sinusrhythm窦性心律dominantpacemaker主导起搏点latentpacemaker潜在起搏点capture抢先占领overdrivesuppression超速驱动压抑conductivity传导性preferentialpathway优势传导通路functionalsyncytium功能合胞体electrocardiogramECG心电图atrioventriculardelay房室延搁gapjunction缝隙连接cardiaccycle心动周期systole收缩期diastole舒期isovolumiccontractionphase等容收缩期atrialsystole心房收缩期ventricularsystole心室收缩期rapidejectionphase快速射血期reducedejectionphase减慢射血期isovolumicrelaxationphase等容舒期rapidfillingphase快速充盈期reducedfillingphase减慢充盈期heartsound心音strokevolume每搏输出量，输出量ejectionfraction射血分数minutevolume每分输出量cardiacoutput心输出量cardiacindex心指数strokework每搏功，博功minutework每分功cardiacefficiency心脏的效率

cardiacreserve心力储备inotropicstate变力状态homometricregulation等长调节heterometricautoregulation异长自身调节windkesselvessel弹性贮器血管precapillary (postcapillary) vessel毛细血管前(后)阻力血管bloodflow血流量resistanceofbloodflow血流阻力bloodpressure血压meancirculatoryfillingpressure 统平均充盈压peripheralresistance外周阻力systolicpressure收缩压diastolicpressure舒压pulsepressure脉(搏)压meanarterialpressure平均动脉压arterialpulse动脉脉搏central(peripheral) venous pressure 心(外周)静脉压venousreturn静脉回心血量microcirculation微循环interstitialfluid组织液effectivefiltrationpressure有效滤过压edema水肿lymph淋巴液positivechronotropicaction正性变时作用positivedromotropicaction 作用positive(negative)inotropicaction正(负)性变力作用tonus紧cardiacvagal(sympathetic)tone心迷走(交感)紧sympatheticvasoconstrictortone交感缩血管紧cardiovascularcenter心血管中枢cardiovascularreflex心血管反射barorecepterreflex压力感受性反射depressorreflex降(减)压反射resetting重调定setpoint调定点

arterialbaroreceptor动脉压力感受器cardiopulmonaryreceptor心肺感受器chemoreceptor化学感受器integrationpattern整合型式rennin-angiotensinsystem肾素-血管紧素系统adrenaline肾上腺素noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素vasopressinVP血管升压素antidiuretichormone抗利尿激素kallikrein-kininsystem激肽释放酶-激肽系统atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANP心房钠尿肽coronarycirculation冠脉循环pulmonarycirculation肺循环respiratorywavesofbloodpressure动脉血压的呼吸波hypoxicpulmonaryvasoconstriction低氧性肺血管收缩反应cerebralcirculation脑循环blood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier血-脑脊液屏障blood-brainbarrier血-脑屏障autoregulationofrenalbloodflow肾血流量的自身调节tubulo-glomerularfeedback,TGF管球反馈glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR肾小球滤过率renalplasmaflow,RPF肾血浆流量effectivefiltrationpressure有效滤过率filtrationmembrane滤过膜filtrationequilibrium滤过平衡filtrationcoefficientKf滤过系数reabsorption重吸收aquaporinAQP水孔蛋白renalglucosethreshold肾糖阈secretion分泌intercalatealcell闰细胞principalcell主细胞urearecycling尿素再循环clearance清除率renalbloodflowRBF肾血流量juxtaglomerularapparatus球旁器

constantfractionalreabsorption定比重吸收glomerulotubularbalance球管平衡osmoticdiuresis渗透性利尿waterdiuresis水利尿renorenalreflex肾-肾反射micturtionreflex排尿反射scotopicvision晚光决,暗视觉photopicvisiondarkcurrent暗电流reducedeye简化眼nearreflexofpupil瞳孔近反射pupillaryacmodationreflex瞳孔调节反射pupillarylightreflex瞳孔对光反射consensuallightreflex互感性对光反射convergence会聚convergencereflex辐辏反射errorofrefraction屈光不正myopia近视hyperopia远视astigmatism散光visualacuity视敏度,视力,视锐度visualfield视野darkadaptation暗适应lightadaptation明适应hearingthreshold听阈air(bone)conduction气(骨)传导travelingwavve行波endocochlearpotentialEP耳蜗电位endolymphaticpotential淋巴电位cochlearmicrophonicpotential耳蜗微音器电位haircell毛细胞vestibularautonomicreaction前庭自主神经反射nystagmus眼震颤tastebud味蕾axoplasmictransport轴浆运输trophicaction营养性作用synapse突触mobilization动员trafficking摆渡targeting停靠

docking着位fusion融合exocytosis出胞postsynapsepotential突触后电位excitatory potential,EPSP(IPSP)兴奋性(抑制)性性突触后电位neurotransmitter神经递质centralfacilitation中枢易化presynapticinhibition突触前抑制afferentcollateralinhibition 抑制recurrentinhibition回返性抑制referredpain牵涉痛postsynaptic (presynaptic)inhibion(facilitation)突触后(前)抑制(易化)posttetanicpotentiation强直后增强habituation习惯化sensitization敏感化long-termpotentiation,LTP长时程增强synapticplasticity突触的可塑性plasticityofsynaptictransmission突触传递的可塑性long-termdepression,LTD长时程压抑varicosity曲体non-synapticchemicaltransmission非突触性化学传递neurotransmitter神经递质neuromodulator神经调度neurotransmittercoexistence递质共存reuptake重摄取ionotropicreceptor促离子型受体metabotropicreceptor促代型受体presynapticreceptor突触前受体acetylcholineAch乙酰胆碱cholinergicreceptor胆碱能受体norepinephrine,NE/noradrenaline,NA 甲肾上腺素epinephrine,adrenaline肾上腺素dopamineDA多巴胺serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT 羟色胺

neuropeptide神经肽brain-gutpeptide脑-肠肽unconditionedreflex非条件反射conditionedreflex条件反射localcircuitneurons局部回路神经元localneuronalcircuit局部神经元回路divergentconnection辐散式联系convergentconnection聚合式联系feeebackregulation反馈调节finalmonpath最后通路motorunit运动单位stretchreflex牵反射tendon reflex 腱反射(phasic reflex位相性牵反射)muscletonus肌紧(tonicstretchreflex紧性牵反射)kneejerk膝反射monosynapticreflex单突触反射polysynapticreflex多突触反射tendonorgan腱器官musclespindle肌梭spinalshock脊休克posturalreflex姿势反射flexorreflex屈肌反射crossedextensorreflex对侧伸肌反射intersegmentalreflex节间反射decerebraterigidity去大脑僵直inhibitoryarea抑制区facilitatoryarea易化区attitudinalreflex状态反射rightingreflex翻正反射basalganglia基底神经节directpathway直接通路indirectpathway间接通路Parkinson’s disease 帕金 森(paralysisagitans震颤麻痹)statictremor静止性震颤Huntingtong’s disease 亨廷顿(chorea舞蹈病)athetosis手足徐动症intentiontremor意向性震颤adiadochokinesia轮替运动不能cerebellarataxia小脑性共济失调visceralnervoussystem脏神经系统

autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系统preganglionicfiber节前纤维parasympatheticnerve副交感神经hypothalamus下丘脑osmoreceptor渗透压感受器hypothalamicregulatorypeptide下丘脑调节肽biorhythm生物节律circadianrhythm日节律limbicsystem边缘系统instinctualbehavior本能行为feedingcenter摄食中枢satietycenter饱中枢emotion情绪fear恐惧rage发怒defensereaction防御反应fight-flightreaction格斗-防御反应bloodvolume血量specificgravity比重viscosity粘度rouleaux叠连crystalosmoticpressure晶体渗透压colloidosmoticpressure胶体渗透压suspensionstability悬浮稳定性erythrocytesedimentationrateESR红细胞沉降率osmoticfragility渗透脆性intrinsicfactor因子plateletadhesion血小板粘附hemostasis止血bloodgroup血型bloodcoagulation血液凝固thrombin凝血酶fibrinogen纤维蛋白原intrinsicpathway源性凝血途径extrinsicpathway为原型凝血途径tissuefactorTF组织因子prothrombinaseplex凝血酶原复合物externalrespiration外呼吸pliance顺应性pulmonarysurfactant肺表面活性物质tidalvolumeTV潮气量

residualvolumeRV残气量lungcapacity肺容量pulmonaryventilation肺通气量alveolarventilation肺泡通气量ventilation/perfusionratio通气/血流比值oxygensaturationofblood血液的氧饱和度oxygendissociationcurve氧解离曲线slowwavepotential慢波电位gastrointestinalhormone胃肠激素brain-gutpeptide脑肠肽pancreaticamylase胰淀粉酶enterohepaticcirculationofbilesalt胆盐的肝肠循环segmentationcontraction分节运动peristalsis蠕动energymetabolism能量代adenosinetriphosphate,ATP三磷酸腺苷thermalequiavalentoffood食物的热价respiratoryquotientRQ呼吸商basalmetabolicrateBMR基础代率rectaltemperature直肠温度circadianrhythm昼夜节律或日节律biologicalclock生物钟insensibleperspiration不显汗sensibleevaporation可感蒸发evokedcorticalpotential皮层诱发电位electroencephalogramEEG脑电图ascendingreticularactivatingsystem网状结构上行激动系统slowwavesleepSWS慢波睡眠paradoxicalsleepPS异相睡眠rapideyemovementsleepREM快速眼球运动睡眠dominanthemisphere优势半球steroidhormone类固醇激素affinity亲和力hypothalamus-adenohypophysis targetglandaxis下丘脑-腺垂体-靶腺轴growth hormone releasing GHRH生长激素释放激素somatostatin生长抑素

thyrotropin-releasinghormone,TRH促甲状腺激素释放激素corticotrophin-releasing 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasing 促性腺激素释放激素prolactin,PRLgrowthhormone,GH/somatotropin生长激素thyroid-stimulatinghormone,TSH/thyrotropin 促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotropichormone,ACTH/adrenocorticotropin 肾上腺皮质激素follicle-stimulatinghormone.FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizinghormone,LH黄体生成素melanophore-stimulatinghormoneMSH促黑激素vasopressinVP血管升压素(antidiuretichormone)oxytocinOT缩宫素(催产素)thyroxine甲状腺素insulin胰岛素glucocorticoid糖皮质激素testosterone睾酮Proprioception 本体感觉Enterokinase 肠激酶Cholinergicneuron 胆碱神经Muscarinicreceptor 毒蕈碱受体Polyuria 多尿Reflexarc 反射弧Sensorimotorarea 感觉运动Tetrodotoxin 河豚毒Erythropoietin 红细胞生成素Bradykinin 缓激肽Patchclamp 膜片钳Cerebrospinalfluid 脑脊Endothelin 皮素visceralsensation脏感觉cortisol皮质醇airconduction气传导

pneumothorax气胸colorblindness色盲upregulation上调coretemperature深部温度inspiratorycapacity,IC深吸气量nerveimpulse神经冲动neurosecretion神经分泌physiologicaldeadspace生理无效腔ghrelin生长素elasticresistance弹性阻力conditionedstimulus条件刺激agony痛苦extrinsicpathway外源性凝血途径peripheralchemoreceptor外周化学感受器peripheralvenouspressuregestation味觉inspiration吸气intracellularfluid细胞液extracellularfluidregulation消化extinctioncardiacremodelingbreathinghemodynamics血流动力学hematocrit血细胞比容platelet血小板plateletaggregation血小板聚集

bloodviscosity血液粘滞度folicacid叶酸ectopicpacemaker异位起搏点tropomyosin原肌球蛋白positivenitrogenbalance正氮平衡positivefeedback正反馈centralvenouspressure中心静脉压病理学病理学 pathology临床病理讨论会 clinicalpathologicalconference活体组织检查 尸体剖检 autopsy器官病理学 organpathology细胞病理学 cellularpathology超微病理学 ultrastructuralpathology分子病理学 molecularpathology免疫病理学 immunopathology

遗传病理学 geneticpathology损 伤 injury自 溶 autolysis萎 缩 atrophy自噬泡 autophagicvacuoles自噬溶酶体 autolysosmes残留体 residualbody变 性 混浊肿胀 cloudyswelling水变性 hydropicdegeneration空泡变性 vacuolardegeneration脂肪变性 fattydegeneration

干酪性坏死 caseation液化性坏死 liquefactionnecrosis透明变性 hyaline吞饮作用 pinocytosis纤维素样变性 fibrinoiddegeneration粘液样变性 mucoiddegeneration粘 液 mucin类粘液 粘液水肿 myxedema淀粉样变 含铁血黄素 hemosiderin胆红素 bilirubin脂褐素 黑色素 melanin病理性钙化pathologicalcalcification营养不良性钙化dystrophiccalcification坏 死 necrosis核浓缩 pyknosis核碎裂 karyorrhexis核溶解 失活组织 devitalizedtissue凝固性坏死 coagulationnecrosis

溶解坏死 lyticnecrosis脂肪坏死 fatnecrosis坏 疽 gangrene湿性坏疽 moistgangrene干性坏疽 dry气性坏疽 gas机 化 organization代 偿 pensation适 应 再 生 regeneration修复 repair肉芽组织granulation瘢痕组织 scarorcicatrix包裹encapsulation创伤愈合woundhealing一(二)期愈合 healingby(second)intention痂下愈合 healingunder化 生 metaplasia肠上皮化生intestinalmetaplasia充 血 hyperemia淤 血 congestion出 血 hemorrhage淤 点 petechiae淤 斑 血栓形成 thrombsis血 栓 thrombus再 通recanalization弥漫性血管凝血 intravascularcoagulation(DIC)栓 子 embolus栓 塞 embolism梗 死 infarction贫血性梗死 anemicinfarct出血性梗死 hemorrhagic水 肿 edema全身性水肿 腹 水 ascites胸腔积水hydrothorax心包腔积液 炎 症 inflammation变 质 alteration

炎症介质inflammatorymediator血管活性胺 vasoactiveamines组织胺 histamine5-羟色胺(血清素)5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)激 肽 kinin激肽原酶 kallikrein激肽原 缓激肽 bradykinin舒血管肽 kallidin补体系统 plement前列腺素 prostaglandin渗 出 exudation渗出液 exudate漏出液 transudate白细胞游出 趋化性 chemotaxis吞噬作用 调理素 opsonin调理素化 opsonization表面吞噬作用 surfacephagocytosis增 生 proliferation超急性炎症 peracuteinflammation急/慢/亚急性炎症 acute/chronic/subacuteinflammation菌血症 毒血症 toxemia败血症 septicemia脓毒血症 pyemia浆液性炎 serousinflammation纤维素性炎fibrinousinflammation化脓性炎 purulentinflammation脓 肿 abscess化 脓 suppuration蜂窝织炎 phlegmonousinflammation出血性炎 hemorrhagicinflammation卡他性炎 catarrhalinflammation肉芽肿性炎granulomatousinflammation炎性肉芽肿inflammatorygranuloma炎性息肉 inflammationpolyp肿 瘤 tumor肿 瘤 neoplasia原位癌 carcinomainsitu

组织发生 异型性 atypia多形性 间 变 anaplasia转 移 恶病质 cachexia癌 症 carcinoma肉 瘤 sara癌 cancer乳头状瘤 papilloma腺 瘤 囊腺瘤 cystadenoma多形性腺瘤 pleomorphicadenoma鳞状细胞癌 squamouscellcarcinoma基底细胞癌 basalcellcarcinoma移行上皮癌transitionalcellcarcinoma腺 癌 adenocarcinoma粘液样癌mucoidcarcinoma实体癌 solidcarcinoma(carcinomasolidum)单纯癌 simplecarcinoma硬 癌 scirrhouscarcinoma髓样癌 medullarycarcinoma 风湿病 rheumatism类癌carcinoid嗜银细胞瘤argentaffintumorAPUD瘤 APUDoma非典型增生dysplasia,atyicalhyperplasia纤维瘤 fibroma脂肪瘤 血管瘤hemangioma淋巴管瘤lymphangioma平滑肌瘤leiomyoma纤维肉瘤fibrosara脂肪肉瘤liposara横纹肌肉瘤 骨肉瘤 osteosara恶性血管皮瘤malignanthemangioendothelioma恶性血管外皮瘤 hemangiopericytoma胶质瘤 glioma脑膜瘤 畸胎瘤 teratoma

风湿热rheumaticfever阿少夫小体Aschoff阿少夫细胞Aschoffcell风湿性全心炎rheumaticpancarditis风湿性心膜炎rheumaticendocarditis疣状赘生物 verrucousvegetation风湿性心肌炎rheumaticmyocarditis风湿性心外膜炎rheumaticpericarditis缩窄性心包炎constrictivepericarditis风湿性关节炎rheumaticarthritis皮下结节subcutaneousnodules细菌性心膜炎bacterialendocarditis溃疡性心膜炎 ulcerousendocarditis恶急性细菌性心膜炎subacutebacterialendocarditisvalvulardiseaseoftheheartvalvularinsufficiencyvalvularstenosis二尖瓣狭窄 mitralstenosis二尖瓣关闭不全mitralinsufficiency高血压病 hypertensionessentialhypertension症状性高血压symptomatichypertensionbenign(malignant)hypertension动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis心绞痛anginapectoris心肌梗死 myocardialinfarct心肌软化cardiacmyomalacia室壁瘤 ventricularaneurysm附壁血栓形成 muralthrombosis心肌硬化cardiacmyosclerosis心肌病 心肌炎 myocarditis先天性心脏病congenitalheartdisease慢性支气管炎chronicbronchitis肺气肿 emphysema肺源性心脏病 Corpulmonale透明膜 hyalinemembrane肺 炎 pneumonia大叶性肺炎 lobarpneumonia小叶性肺炎 lobular

pneumonia(brochopneumonia)支原性肺炎mycoplasmalpneumonia原发性非典型性肺炎primaryatypicalpneumonia(PAP)支气管扩症bronchiectasis肺萎陷 atelectasis尘 肺 矽 肺 silicosis石棉肺 asbestosis间皮瘤 Mesothelioma鼻咽癌 carcinoma肺 癌 carcinomaofthelung燕麦细胞癌oatcellcarcinoma慢性胃炎 chronicgastritischronicsuperficialgastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎 chronicatrophicgastritischronichypertrophicgastritis消化性溃疡 pepticulcer胃泌素瘤gastrinoma阑尾炎 appendicitis急性单纯性阑尾炎 acutesimpleappendicitis急性蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎 phlegmonousappendicitis急性坏疽性阑尾炎 acutegangrnousappendicitis病毒性肝炎 virushepatitis气球样变 ballooning嗜酸性坏死 acidophilicnecrosis毛玻璃样细胞 "groundhepatocytes碎片状坏死 piecemeal桥接坏死 bridgingnecrosis肝硬化 cirrhosisofliver门脉性肝硬变 portalcirrhosis门脉高压 portal脾肿大 splenomegaly坏死后肝硬变postnecroticcirrhosis胆汗性肝硬变biliarycirrhosis食管癌 carcinomaofesophagus

胃 癌 carcinomaofstomach恶性淋巴瘤malignantlymphoma何杰金氏病Hodgkin'sdisease非何杰金氏淋巴瘤non-Hodgkin'slymphoma白血病 leukemia绿色瘤 恶性组织细胞增生症malignanthistiocytosis血管间质mesangium免疫复合物 immuneplex急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎diffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis急性肾炎综合症 acutenephriticsyndrome管 型cast，cylinder新月体性肾小球肾炎 glomerulonephritismembranousglomerulonephritis肾病综合症 nephroticsyndrome血管间质毛细血管性肾小球肾mesangiocapillaryglomerulonephritis轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minimalchangeglomerulonephritis脂性肾病 lipoidnephrosis足突病 footprocess慢性肾小球肾炎 chronicglomerulonephritis颗粒状固缩肾granularcontractedkidney尿毒症uremia肾细胞癌 renalcellcarcinoma肾母细胞瘤 nephroblastoma慢性子宫颈炎chroniccervicitis子宫颈糜烂 cervicalerosion子宫膜增生症endometrialhyperplasia子宫颈息肉 cervicalpolyp子宫颈癌 carcinomaofcervixuteri非典型增生 atypicalhyperplasia子宫体癌 carcinomaofcorpusuteri子宫腺肌瘤adenomyomauteri子宫腺肌病 adenomyosisuteri水泡状胎块hydatidiformmole

绒毛膜上皮癌chorioepithelioma(chorioma)粘液性囊腺瘤 mucinouscystadenoma浆液性囊腺瘤serouscystadenoma囊腺癌 cystadenocarcinoma粒层细胞瘤 granulosacelltumor卵泡膜细胞瘤thecacelltumor无性细胞瘤 dysgerminoma胚胎性癌 embryonalcarcinoma胚窦瘤 endodermalsinustumor纤维囊性乳腺病fibrocysticdiseaseofbreast乳腺癌carcinomaofbreast前列腺增生 hyperplasiaof精原细胞瘤 seminoma尿崩症diabetesinsipidus糖尿病diabetesmellitus垂体腺瘤 pituitaryadenoma嫌色细胞腺瘤