【英语考点动态】语法篇-主谓一致

语法专题：主谓一致——主语和谓语动词保持人称和数上的一致一、主谓一致的三

原则A语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.Mychildrenhavenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.B意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单复要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数Themajorityofprimaryschoolteachersarewomen.2.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数Nonewsisgoodnews.Billiardsisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomecities.C就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Thereisasquaresomechairsthecenterofdining-room.EitheryourstudentsorWilliamknowsthis.提示一般说,竟何时采用何种原,应视英语习惯用法而.但在实际使用,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.二、并列主语的主谓一致A由and连接的并列主语1.用and(或both...and)连接并列主语时,谓语动词通常用复数.Ahammerandasawareusefultools.★当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西,或表示同一个人或一种概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式Thewriterandteacherisspeakingatthemeeting.必背英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:ironandsteel__钢铁aneedleandthread针线aimandend__目的goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly早睡早起awatchandchain__一块带链的表acartandhorse一辆马车

acoatandtie__配有领带的上衣breadandbutter__黄油面包lawandorder__治安aknifeandfork__刀叉2.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰,这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则.Cleverandslowstudentsaretreatedalike.Ablackandwhitekittenwasfoundinthegardenyesterday.比较Ablackandawhitedogsareplayingintheyard.Ablackandwhitedogisplayingintheyard.3.each...andeach...,every...andevery...,no...andno...等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式.Eachboyandeachgirlhasanapple.Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecious.Nobirdandnobeastisseenonthelonelyisland.4.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.5.在某些成语中,一些并列主语用and相连时其后谓语用单数.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.B某些词组采取就近原则以or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso连接的名词(代词)作并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则.NeitherhenorIamwillingtogoshoppingtoday.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.-Areeitheryouorhetogothere__是你还是他将去那里-Neitheris.______C谓语动词的数不受某些词组影响主语后跟有asasmuchnolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith,besides,including,inaddition引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单,复数按主语的单,复数而定Themanager,ratherthantheworkers,isresponsiblefortheloss.Nobodybutthreepolicemenwasonthespot.三、单一主语的主谓一致A形复意单的名词作主语形复意单的名词作主语即形式为复数,意义为单数,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数.1.多学科名,如mathematics,physics,economics,politics,以及等名词作主语时,动词用单数.Newsistravelingfastnowadays.2.用作国,组织机,书名,报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待谓语用单数.

TheTimesreportsthenewsofthestrike.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyDickensin1860.点津坊如果山脉,群岛,瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数TheGreatLakesliebetweentheUSAandCanada.五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间.ThePhilippinesareinthewesternPacificOceansoutheastof律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部.TheNiagaraFallsarethefallsontheNiagaraRiver.尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上.3.一些形复意单的名词包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名,作主语时谓语用复数.Mybluetrousershavebeenwornout.Hisglassesarenew.提示这些名词如用apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数Theshoesareunderthebed.鞋在床下.Thepairofshoesisunderthebed.这双鞋在床下.4.单,复数同形名词作主语时意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时语用单数;用作复数意义时谓语有复数.这类名词有sheep,deer,fish,means,works,species,Chinese,Japanese等.The(This)glassworkswassetupin1986.Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.比较当这类名词前