佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）

第24页/共24页佛山市2023～2024学年下学期普通高中教学质量检测高二英语2024.7注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节听力理解（共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分）材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有三个小题，各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听第一段材料，回答第1～3题。材料和问题读两遍。1.Question1:(录音)A.DoingTaiChi.B.PracticingBaDuanJin.C.TakingaChineseclass.2.Question2:(录音)A.Playbasketball.B.Registerforaclass.C.Attendatabletennismatch.3.Question3:(录音)A.Interested.B.Confident.C.Hesitant.听第二段材料，回答第4～6题。材料和问题读两遍。4.Question4:(录音)A.ChineseArt.B.Design.C.Philosophy.5.Question5:(录音)A.Toinspiremorestudents.B.Toholdmoreartexhibitions.C.Tomixmodernwithtraditional.6.Question6:(录音)A.InBeijing.B.InShanghai.C.InChongqing.第二节回答问题（共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分）听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍，读完每个问题后你将有10秒钟的作答时间。7.Question7:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________8.Question8:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________9.Question9:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________10.Question10:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________第二部分阅读（共三节，满分40分）第一节阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInthe40yearsafterEdmundHilaryandTenzingNorgayfirstreachedthetopofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛)in1953,anaverageof12peopleayearfollowedintheirfootsteps.In2023,morethan1,200peopleattemptedtheclimb.High-techequipmentandbetterunderstandingofthephysicalimpactofhighaltitudes(海拔)havebroughtnewhopefulstoEverest.ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.TheguidingindustryexistsmainlybecauseofDickBass.Bass,whomadeafortuneinoil,boughthiswayontothreedifferentEverestexpeditions(探险)and,in1985,aged55,hebecameboththeoldestandleastexperiencedclimbertoreachthetop.Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofcompaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.In1992-95,around150peoplepaidtobeledupthemountain,andathirdsucceeded.Duringa1995expedition,astormstruck.Theguides,eagerfortheirclientstoreachthetop,delayedturningthemaround.Threeguidesandtwoclimbersdied.Oneoftheclimbers,JonKrakauer,criticizedthejudgmentoftheguidesandtheselfishnessofinexperiencedclimbersinhisbookIntoThinAir.Manybusinessesassumedthatthebookwoulddestroythem.However,interestinEverestskyrocketed.In2014,16guideswereburiedbyfallingicewhiletransportingclients’equipment.Then,in2015,anavalanche(雪崩)killedtenguidesandnineclients.Asaresult,manyWesterncompanieslosttheirenthusiasmforEverest.Everest.Incendsonaconfusingnote.Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too:18peoplediedin2023,thehighest-evernumber.“Expertsknowmorethaneverabouthowtoguideclientstoclimbsafely.Butthatdoesnotmakeitasafeplace,”saidCockrell.1.WhatcontributestotherisingpopularityofEverestclimbingaccordingtoCockrell?A.Theappearanceofgrouptourism.B.Theunderstandingofthemountain.C.Thestudyonhumanphysicalabilities.D.Thedevelopmentoftheguidingindustry.2.WhatdoweknowaboutDickBass’ssuccessinreachingthetopofEverest?A.Itenabledhimtomakeafortune.B.Itboosteddemandforguidedtours.C.Itprovedthelimitsofthehumanbody.D.Itmarkedthestartofnatureexpeditions.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningguidedexpeditions?A.Theinitialsuccess. B.Thepubliccriticism.C.Theclimbingaccidents. D.Thephysicalchallenges.4Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Everest,Inc:AGuidetoEverestExpeditionB.ReachingtheTop:OpportunitiesandChallengesC.UpsandDowns:TheStoryofExpeditionPioneersD.ClimbingEverest:IncreasingPopularityandDeaths【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着越来越多的人攀登珠穆朗玛峰，也有越来越多的人死于途中。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.(但是WillCockrell在他的新书《珠穆朗玛峰公司》中认为其主要原因是专业向导行业的崛起。)”可知，WillCockrell认为攀登珠穆朗玛峰热度上升的原因是专业向导行业的兴起。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofcompaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.(一个普通人登上世界之巅的景象催生了公司的成立，以满足新的旅游需求。)”可知，DickBass成功登顶促进了导游旅行的需求。故选B。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.(20世纪90年代早期的向导探险是成功的。)”以及下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了早期向导探险的成功。故选A。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too(越来越多的人登上顶峰，但也有更多的人在途中死亡)”可知，本文主要讲述了攀登珠穆朗玛峰热度的兴起以及攀登途中造成的死亡事件，所以D项“攀登珠穆朗玛峰：人气上升和死亡人数增加”最适合作本文标题。故选D。公众号：高中试卷君BFeelingburnedoutandlookingforreasonstoworkless?Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不稳定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyoutosufferfromdepressionandpoorhealthinmiddleage.Theresearchexaminedtheworkschedulesandsleeppatternsofmorethan7,000Americansoverthreedecades,fromtheagesof22through50.Tothesurpriseofthestudy’sauthor,NewYorkUniversityprofessorWen-JuiHan,onlyone-quarteroftheparticipantsworkedtraditionaldaytimehours.Theremainderworkedvariablehours.Thosewithvolatileworkschedulesreportedagreaterlikelihoodofpoorhealthanddepressionatage50thanthosewithmorestableschedules.“Ourworknowismakingussickandpoor,”Hansaidinaninterview.“Workissupposedtoallowustoacquireresources.But,foralotofpeople,theirworkdoesn’tallowthemtodoso.Theyactuallybecomemoreandmoremiserable(悲惨的)overtime.”Dr.AlysonMyers,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,appreciatedthenewstudy’sfocusontheconnectionbetweenworkschedules,sleepandpoorhealth.Thestudyfindingsconfirmedwhatsheseesinmanyofherdiabetes(糖尿病)patients,whooftengetnomorethanfivehoursofsleepaftertheyworknightshifts.ManyoftheparticipantsinHan’sstudywhohadvolatileworkschedulestendedtohavepart-timejobs,insomecasesmultiplepart-timejobs.“Unfortunately,”Myerssaid,“thetrendforalotofthesepeopleisthattheyhavetoworkmorethanonejobtosurvive.”Hanwouldlikeherresearchtopromoteconversationsaboutwaysofprovidingresourcestohelppeopleliveahappyandhealthylifewhenthey’redog-tiredbothphysicallyandemotionallybecauseoftheirwork.5.WhatdoesHan’sstudymainlytellus?A.Thesignificanceofahealthylifestyle.B.Therisingtrendofworkingvariablehours.C.Thelong-termeffectsofunstableworkschedules.D.Somepracticalapproachestodealingwithdepression.6.WhatisMyers’sattitudetopeoplewithvolatileworkschedules?A.Understanding. B.Unconcerned. C.Doubtful. D.Critical.7.WhatisHan’sexpectationofherresearch?A.Toprovideresourcesforthepoor.B.Tohelpimprovepeople’swell-being.C.Toraiseawarenessofhealthylifestyles.D.Toinitiatedialoguesbetweenemployees.【答案】5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，表明在年轻的时候上夜班和不稳定的时间表到中年时会患上抑郁症且健康状况不佳。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不稳定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyoutosufferfromdepressionandpoorhealthinmiddleage.(一项新的研究表明，在年轻的时候上夜班和不稳定的时间表会让你在中年时患上抑郁症且健康状况不佳。)”第二段中“Thosewithvolatileworkschedulesreportedagreaterlikelihoodofpoorhealthanddepressionatage50thanthosewithmorestableschedules.(那些工作时间不稳定的人在50岁时比那些工作时间稳定的人更有可能出现健康状况不佳和抑郁。)”可知，Han的研究主要告诉我们不稳定的工作时间表的长期影响。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Dr.AlysonMyers,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,appreciatedthenewstudy’sfocusontheconnectionbetweenworkschedules,sleepandpoorhealth.Thestudyfindingsconfirmedwhatsheseesinmanyofherdiabetes(糖尿病)patients,whooftengetnomorethanfivehoursofsleepaftertheyworknightshifts.(AlbertEinstein医学院教授AlysonMyers博士对这项新研究对工作安排、睡眠和健康状况不佳之间关系的关注表示赞赏。研究结果证实了她在许多糖尿病患者身上看到的情况，这些患者在上夜班后通常睡眠时间不超过五个小时。)”可知，Myers对那些工作时间不稳定的人是同情体谅的。故选A项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Hanwouldlikeherresearchtopromoteconversationsaboutwaysofprovidingresourcestohelppeopleliveahappyandhealthylifewhenthey’redog-tiredbothphysicallyandemotionallybecauseoftheirwork.(Han希望她的研究能够促进有关提供资源的方式的讨论，以帮助人们在因工作而身心疲惫时过上幸福健康的生活。)”可知，Han希望她的研究能提供帮助人们过上幸福健康的生活。故选B项。CAnimal-likerobotsarepopular.Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(误解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).“It’snottrueatall,”shesays.Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(挤压出)theplasticinacircularpatter,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.Dependingonbrightnessanddirection,itchangestheheatthattheplasticisexposedto—lowertemperaturesresultinalighterbodythatincreasesinsizemorequickly,whilehighertemperaturesmakeitthickerandstrongerandgrowmoreslowly.TheresearchersfoundthatthesesimplefunctionalitieswereenoughtoletFiloBotmovethroughacomplexandunseenenvironment,crossgapsandfindthingstoattachto.Thelackofheavyon-boardcomputinghardware,theysay,meansthatitmoveseasilyandrequiresminimalmonitoring,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn’tdisturbthingsaroundit.Theysupposethatthismakesitsuitableforpotentialapplicationsincludingenvironmentalmonitoringinhard-to-reachlocations,ormonitoringdisastersiteswhereexistingfacilitiesisunstable.Dr.Mazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillmotivateotherroboticiststodrawinspirationfromplants.Theplantkingdomisaworld,shesays,withacompletelydifferentapproachtotheanimalone.“Andwecandevelopnewtechnologiesandartificialsolutions,becauseitissodifferent.”8.Whatleadstolimitedexplorationofplant-likerobots?A.Theslowgrowthrateofplants.B.Thelackofplantresearchcapability.C.Themisunderstandingofplantbehavior.D.Thedifficultyofapplyingplant-likerobots.9.HowdoesFiloBotgrow?A.Bypressingamotionsensor. B.Byexposingitselftosunlight.C.Bypushingoutsoftenedplastic. D.Bycontrollingoutsidetemperature.10.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Topointoutthevalueofrobotics. B.Topresentanewlyinventedrobot.C.Tocallformoreresearchintorobots. D.Tocorrectamisconceptionaboutplants.【答案】8.C9.C10.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人们对于植物的误解，认为植物不能移动，不能感知外界，所以人们对于植物类机器人开发得很少。然而，意大利机器人学家芭芭拉·马佐莱认为植物可以感知外界，并以此为思路发明了机器人FiloBot，它可以在复杂的环境中移动，并监测周围环境，它的慢节奏移动也意味着它不会打扰周围的事物。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(误解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).(然而，意大利机器人专家芭芭拉·马佐莱说，机器人领域对探索生物的另一个主要类别——植物——的兴趣要小得多。她把这种不情愿归结为对植物行为有用性的误解：它们既不能运动也不能感知。)”可知，是因为对植物行为的误解导致了人们不愿意去开发植物机器人。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(挤压出)theplasticinacircularpatter,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.(FiloBot通过头部的传感器模仿爬树的行为，该传感器还配备了一层塑料和加热元件。通过将塑料软化并挤压成圆形，它可以以每分钟2到7毫米的速度3D打印自己的身体。)”可知，FiloBot通过塑料软化并挤压成为圆形，促进生长。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.(马佐莱博士和她的团队最近创造了一种基于攀缘植物的机器人FiloBot。就像真的一样。FiloBot能够生长，附着在支撑物上，并将自己包裹在支撑物周围，并根据外部刺激使自己适应环境。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项新发明的机器人。故选B。第二节语句排序（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）11.将下列语句（A、B、C、D和E）按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。A.Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.B.Asthesestorieswereoftenquitelong,theyoftenhadrhymeandrhythm(韵律)tohelppeoplerememberthemmoreeasily.C.Sincenothingwaswrittendown,overtheyearsdifferentversionsofthesesongsdeveloped,andeachareawouldhaveitsownrespectiverhythm.Inadditiontothis,peoplewouldrecitestoriesofpastheroes.D.Poetryprobablyhaditsoriginsintraditionalfolkmusictensofthousandsofyearsago.InthateratherewerenoTVsorfilms,andwritinghadnotbeeninvented,sopeoplewouldsitaroundthefireatnightandsingsongstoentertainthemselves.E.Inthebeginning,suchsongsandstorieshadaverysimpleformat,andovertimetheybecamemorecomplicatedandpolished.Thesewerenolongertheworksofamateurssittingaroundafirebutworksofpoetswhocaredabouttheirartandwhosometimesmadealivingfromit.________→________→________→________→________【答案】①.D②.A③.C④.B⑤.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简述了诗歌的起源与演变：源于民间音乐，反映日常生活，因无书写记录而版本多样，并发展出独特韵律。随时间推移，诗歌从简单变得复杂，成为专业诗人的艺术作品。【详解】【答题空1】首段应引入话题，D项提到了“Poetryprobablyhaditsoriginsintraditionalfolkmusictensofthousandsofyearsago.”说明了诗歌的起源，引入了诗歌这一主题。故选D项。【答题空2】A项“Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.”中的“thesesongs”指上文D项“sopeoplewouldsitaroundthefireatnightandsingsongstoentertainthemselves”中的songs，指的是几万年前人们围坐火堆旁唱的歌，这些歌反映了与他们生活相关的一些主题。因此A项应在D项之后。故选A项。【答题空3】根据上文A项“Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.”，接下来可讲述这些歌曲的相关情况，C项所陈述的歌曲因无书面记录而发展出各种版本，在不同时代有不同的旋律，而其中描述的英雄故事也为人们称颂，讲述的便是A项所提歌曲的情况，符合此处语篇发展。故选C项。【答题空4】联系上文，B项提到“Asthesestorieswereoftenquitelong,theyoftenhadrhymeandrhythm(韵律)tohelppeoplerememberthemmoreeasily.”中的“thesestories”即指上文C项“peoplewouldrecitestoriesofpastheroes”中的stories，即人们传颂的英雄故事常因太长而被加上节奏和韵律以方便记忆。故选B项。【答题空5】E项讲述这种音乐形式的进一步发展，即这些歌曲一开始形式简单，后逐渐变得复杂和完善，也不再是业余者的爱好而是谋生的职业了。E项既承接上文对原始歌曲形式的描述，又引出下文对其进一步发展的描述。故选E项。第三节选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。WorkingOutWhatYouWanttoDoThecareeryouhavedefinesyourlife,andtakingtimetothinkaboutitisanessentialexerciseforyoungpeople.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool.____12____Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystogaininsightintoapossiblecareerpathistocompletea“careertest”.Theresultsofthetestwilltellyouaboutyourstrengthsandinterests,andsometestsalsosuggestcareersthatyoumaybesuitedto.____13____Therearedifferentkindsofcareertests.____14____Othersfocusmoreonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworksituations,likeworkingasalibrarianoralawyer.____15____Theiranswersareanalyzedanddividedupbetweensixdifferenttypesofworkpersonalities.Theparticipantisthengivenachartshowingtheirscoreforeachtype.Thetopthreescoresareusedtomakeacodethatindicatestheparticipant’soverallworkpersonality.Thiscodeisthenusedtogeneratealistofcareersuggestions.Inconclusion,careertestsareclearlyaveryusefultool.____16____Thesecrettoagoodcareerisfindingsomethingthatyouarepassionateabout.Sotryafewtestsonlineandstartthinkingaboutyourfuturecareerrightnow!A.This,however,isnotalwayseasy.B.Youshouldmakegooduseofyourschooltime.C.Someaskquestionsaboutyourpersonalinterestsandattitudes.D.Youradvantagesandhobbieswillhelpyoufindarewardingjob.E.However,itisimportanttorememberthattheyareonlymeantforguidance.F.Havingthisinformationwillincreaseyourchancesoffindingajobyoulike.G.Onepopulartestaskstheparticipantstogradetheirpreferencesfordifferentworktasks.【答案】12.A13.F14.C15.G16.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“思考并确定自己未来想要从事的职业”这一主题展开，介绍了思考职业选择的重要性、进行职业测试的方法以及职业测试的种类和作用等。【12题详解】根据空前内容“Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool.(思考未来可能从事的职业的最佳时间是在你还在上学的时候。)”可知，上文提到思考未来的职业的时间最好是在上学的时候。选项A“This,however,isnotalwayseasy.(然而，这并不总是那么容易。)”承上启下，说明并不是所有人都能轻易地确定自己的职业方向，从而引出下文“Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.(有些人从很小的时候就知道自己想做什么，但很多人只是有一些想法在脑海中徘徊。)”。故选A。【13题详解】上文“Theresultsofthetestwilltellyouaboutyourstrengthsandinterests,andsometestsalsosuggestcareersthatyoumaybesuitedto.（测试的结果会告诉你你的优点和兴趣，有些测试还会建议你可能适合从事的职业。）”强调了职业测试能提供的有用信息。选项F“Havingthisinformationwillincreaseyourchancesoffindingajobyoulike.(拥有这些信息会增加你找到自己喜欢的工作的机会)”作为上文的结论句，强调了这些信息的重要性。故选F。【14题详解】根据本段开头“Therearedifferentkindsofcareertests.（有不同的职业测试类型。）”可知，有很多不同的职业测试类型。选项C“Someaskquestionsaboutyourpersonalinterestsandattitudes.(有些测试会问你的个人兴趣和态度)”承接上文内容，指出一些测试的特色，为下文介绍其他测试类型做铺垫。故选C。【15题详解】根据空后内容“Theiranswersareanalyzedanddividedupbetweensixdifferenttypesofworkpersonalities.（他们的答案被分析并分成六种不同的工作性格类型。）”可推测，空处指的是某个测试内容。选项G“Onepopulartestaskstheparticipantstogradetheirpreferencesfordifferentworktasks.(一个流行的测试要求参与者对不同工作任务的喜好进行评分)”正是一个测试的内容，与下文的测试答案形成一致。故选G。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Inconclusion,careertestsareclearlyaveryusefultool.(总之，职业测试显然是一个非常有用的工具。)”可知，上文总结了职业测试作为一种有用工具的重要性。选项E“However,itisimportanttorememberthattheyareonlymeantforguidance.(然而，重要的是要记住它们只是用来指导的。)”与上文内容形成转折，提醒读者职业测试的结果并不是决定性的，而是作为参考和指导，帮助人们更好地了解自己的职业倾向和兴趣。从而自然引出下文“Thesecrettoagoodcareerisfindingsomethingthatyouarepassionateabout.(找到一份好职业的秘诀是找到你热爱的事情。)”。故选E.第三部分综合应用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Istartedstuttering(结巴)at10whenmyfatherdied.Ilostconfidencewhenspeaking,especiallyinunfamiliarsituations.Scienceseemeda(n)____17____formeasIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers.____18____,Isoonlearnedit’shardlyajobforsomeoneafraidtotalk.Throughoutthecourseofmydoctoralstudies,IpracticedeverytalkIhadto____19____overandoveruntilIwassureIwouldnothavetothinkaboutthecontentswhenpresenting.Duringgroupmeetings,wheremyfamiliarworkmatesalreadyknewaboutmy____20____,Ilearnedtospeakup.Butina____21____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研讨会),Ikeptquiet.IfIhadquestionduringatalk,Iwouldwaittoaskthespeaker____22____orjustkeepittomyself.Thisall____23____whenImovedtoanewinstitutionandwasaskedtostartaseminarseries.AndsuddenlyIwasinvitingpotentialspeakersandplanningtheir____24____.IsoonrealizedIcouldnotjustsitbackand____25____asbefore,butIwasworriedthatmystuttermighttripmeupinfrontofmyfellowworkers.Anyway,Imanagedtopushthat_____26_____asideandaccepttheresponsibility.Thefirstfewtalkswerequite_____27_____.AsIgotmorepracticeweekafterweek,Idiscoveredthe_____28_____wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost.Istill_____29_____sometimes,andIcarefullychoosemywordsto_____30_____mystutter.ButIknowthatfacingmy_____31_____hashelpedmebecomeabetterresearcher.17.A.daydream B.mystery C.shelter D.adventure18.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Fortunately D.However19.A.deliver B.write C.organize D.host20.A.failure B.career C.habit D.problem21.A.larger B.cleverer C.lessattentive D.moreenthusiastic22.A.constantly B.privately C.eagerly D.politely23.A.happened B.changed C.worked D.failed24.A.visits B.routes C.research D.deadline25.A.laugh B.imagine C.listen D.relax26.A.speech B.relationship C.seminar D.concern27.A.boring B.smooth C.inspiring D.stressful28.A.benefits B.responses C.requirements D.expectations29.A.showoff B.loseheart C.hesitate D.wonder30.A.cure B.hide C.describe D.understand31.A.words B.fears C.job D.choice【答案】17.C18.D19.A20.D21.A22.B23.B24.A25.C26.D27.D28.A29.C30.B31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者患有口吃，为了逃避交流，作者投向了科学，但后来作者意识到研究也需要说话，经过不断的练习讲话以及作者思想的转变，作者逐渐克服了口吃的问题，直面恐惧让作者成了一名更好的研究者。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学似乎是我的避难所，因为我认为研究是独自完成的，几乎不需要与他人互动。A.daydream白日梦；B.mystery秘密；C.shelter避难处；D.adventure冒险。根据“asIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers”可知，作者认为科学研究是独自完成的，很少需要与他人交流，因此科学对他来说是一个避难所，让他可以避免与人交流。故选C。【18题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快就明白了它对于害怕交谈的人来说并不是一项容易的工作。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover而且；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.However然而。前文“Scienceseemeda(n)____1____formeasIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers.”和“Isoonlearnedit’shardlyajobforsomeoneafraidtotalk”之间是转折关系，作者意为科学是一个很少需要与人交流的地方，但作者发现这项工作对于害怕交流的人来说并不容易。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我攻读博士的整个过程中，我一遍又一遍地练习我必须发表的每一篇演讲，直到我确信在演讲时不必考虑内容。A.deliver发表；B.write写；C.organize安排；D.host主持。根据“Throughoutthecourseofmydoctoralstudies,Ipracticedeverytalk”可知，Ihadto___3___是定语从句，修饰先行词everytalk，这里表示发表演讲，应用deliver。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小组会议上，我熟悉的同事已经知道了我的问题，我学会了大声说话。A.failure失败；B.career事业；C.habit习惯；D.problem问题。根据“myfamiliarworkmates”可知，熟悉作者的同事知道作者有口吃问题。故选D。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在更大的听众中，比如在部门研讨会上，我保持沉默。A.larger更大的；B.cleverer更聪明的；C.lessattentive更不注意力集中的；D.moreenthusiastic更热情的。根据“suchasadepartmentalseminar(研讨会)”可知，这里与“groupmeetings”相对，表示在更大的听众之中。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我在演讲中有问题，我会等着私下问演讲者，或者自己回答。A.constantly始终，重复不断地；B.privately私下地；C.eagerly热切地；D.politely礼貌地。根据上文中的“Butina____5____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研讨会),Ikeptquiet.”可知，当有更大的听众时，作者会保持沉默，如果有问题，作者会等着私下问演讲者。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我搬到一个新的机构，并被要求开始一个系列的研讨会时，一切都改变了。A.happened发生了；B.changed改变；C.worked工作；D.failed失败。根据下文中的“IsoonrealizedIcouldnotjustsitbackand____9____asbefore”可知，作者意识到自己不能像以前那样坐着不管了，所以事情发生了改变。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我要邀请潜在的演讲者，并计划他们的访问。A.visits访问；B.routes路线；C.research研究；D.deadline截止日期。根据“invitingpotentialspeakers”可知，作者要邀请潜在的演讲者前来演讲，即安排他们来访。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到我不能像以前那样坐着听，但我担心我的口吃可能会让我在同事面前出错。A.laugh笑；B.imagine想象；C.listen听；D.relax放松。根据上文中的“Butina____5____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研讨会),Ikeptquiet.”可知，作者以前会在研讨会上保持沉默，即听别人讲。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，我设法把这种担忧抛在一边，接受了责任。A.speech演说；B.relationship关系；C.seminar研讨会；D.concern担心。根据上文中的“Iwasworriedthatmystuttermighttripmeupinfrontofmyfellowworkers”可知，对于这个任务，作者有一些担心。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的几次演讲压力很大。A.boring令人厌倦（或厌烦）的；B.smooth平滑的；C.inspiring鼓舞人心的；D.stressful压力大的。根据下文中的“AsIgotmorepracticeweekafterweek,Idiscoveredthe____12____wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost.”可知，一开始的几次演讲让作者很有压力，但随着练习的增多，情况逐渐好转。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我一周又一周地进行更多的练习，我发现这些好处远远不止是成为一名好主持人。A.benefits好处；B.responses反应；C.requirements要求；D.expectations期望。根据空后的“wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost”可知，作者发现这些演讲带来的好处很多，不仅仅是帮助作者成为一名优秀的主持人。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时我还是会犹豫，我会谨慎地选择措辞来掩饰我的口吃。A.showoff炫耀；B.loseheart丧失信心；C.hesitate犹豫；D.wonder想知道。根据“Icarefullychoosemywordsto____14____mystutter”可知，作者依然有口吃问题，但他会谨慎地选择措辞来掩饰这个问题，由此可知，作者在说话口吃时会有犹豫的情况。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.cure治愈；B.hide掩盖；C.describe描述；D.understand理解。根据空前的“carefullychoosemywords”可知，作者谨慎地选择一些措辞来掩饰自己的口吃问题。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我知道，面对恐惧帮助我成了一名更好的研究者。A.words话语；B.fears恐惧；C.job工作；D.choice选择。根据空前的“facingmy”以及上文作者逃避交流并与口吃问题抗争可知，这里指面对恐惧。故选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。XuYuanchong,aprofessoratPekingUniversity,wasfamousforhiscountlesstranslationworksofancientChinesepoetry.HemadegreatcontributionstointroducingforeignliteraturetoChina____32____ancientChinesepoetrytotheworld.____33____(know)as“theonlymasterinChina____34____cantranslateclassicalChinesepoetry,”Xutranslatedover120publicationsinChinese,English,andFrench.Heintroducedtotheworldcountlessancient____35____(poem)oftheTangDynastyandSongDynasty.HewontheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofLiteraturein2014attheageof93,____36____(make)himthefirstpersoninAsiatowintheprize.Xutriedhishandattranslationincollege,whenhe____37____(quote)“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”fromAbrahamLincoln____38____(explain)SunYat-sen’sThreePrinciplesofthePeopletoforeigners.Xu____39____(recognize)asoneofthe“fivetalents”attheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniversity(1937-45)—aschoolwhosehistoryandgraduateshaveplayeda____40____(center)roleinmodernChina.Atanageof100,XustillstayedinasmallroomtodoShakespearetranslationsalmosteveryday.Itwasmorelike_____41_____pleasureinsteadofworktodescribetranslationforhim.【答案】32.and33.Known34.that##who35.poems36.making37.quoted38.toexplain39.wasrecognized40.central41.a【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因其无数的中国古诗翻译作品而闻名的北京大学教授许渊冲。【32题详解】考查连词。句意：他为把外国文学介绍给中国，并把中国古代诗歌介绍给世界做出了巨大贡献。前后文之间是并列关系，用连词and连接，表示“把外国文学介绍给中国，并且把中国古代诗歌介绍给世界”。故填and。【33题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被誉为“中国唯一能翻译中国古典诗词的大师”，他翻译了120多篇中、英、法出版物。此处为非谓语，动词know和主语之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作状语。句首字母大写，故填Known。【34题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为theonlymaster，指代人，用关系代词that或who引导，在从句中作主语。故填that/who。【35题详解】考查名词复数。句意：他向世人介绍了无数唐宋古诗。根据前文countless可知，可数名词poem应用复数，作宾语。故填poems。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2014年，93岁高龄的他获得了北极光杰出翻译文学奖，成为亚洲第一位获得该奖项的人。此处为非谓语，动词make和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作状语，表示结果。故填making。【37题详解】考查时态。句意：大学时，他曾尝试过翻译，在向外国人解释孙中山的三民主义时，他引用林肯的“民有、民治、民享”。根据前后文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填quoted。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。quotesthtodosth“引用某事去做某事”，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填toexplain。【39题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：许被认为是西南联合大学(1937-1945)的“五大人才”之一，这所学校的历史和毕业生在现代中国发挥了核心作用。动词和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填wasrecognized。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：同上。修饰名词role应用形容词。故填central。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：给他描述翻译更像是一种乐趣而不是工作。pleasure“快乐的事”是可数名词，此处为泛指概念，用不定冠词限定。且为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。第四部分词汇基础（共20分）第一节词义匹配（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据句子内容，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中