现代大学英语精读第二版（第一册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）-10A-MandelasG

现代⼤学英语精读第⼆版（第⼀册）学习笔记（原⽂及全⽂翻。。。Mandela'sGardenMandela'sGardenNelsonMandelaInearly1977,theauthoritiesannouncedtheendofmanuallaborandarrangedworkforustodointhecourtyard,sowecouldspendourdaysinoursection.Theendofmanuallaborwasliberating.Icouldnowspendthedayreading,writingletters,discussingissueswithmycomrades,orpreparinglegaldocuments.ThefreetimealsoallowedmetopursuewhatbecametwoofmyfavoritehobbiesonRobbenIsland:gardeningandtennis.Tosurviveinprison,onemustdevelopwaystotakesatisfactioninone'sdailylife.Onecanfeelfulfilledbywashingone'sclothessothattheyareparticularlyclean,bysweepingahallwaysothatitisemptyofdust,byorganizingone'scelltosaveasmuchspaceaspossible.Justasonetakesprideinimportanttasksoutsideofprison,onecanfindthesameprideindoingsmallthingsinsideprison.AlmostfromthebeginningofmysentenceonRobbenIsland,Iaskedtheauthoritiesforpermissiontostartagardeninthecourtyard.Foryears,theyrefusedwithoutofferingareason.Buteventuallytheygavein,andwewereabletocutoutasmallgardenonanarrowpatchofearthagainstthefarwall.Thesoilinthecourtyardwasdryandrocky.Thecourtyardhadbeenconstructedoveragarbagedump,andinordertostartmygarden,Ihadtoremoveagreatmanyrockstoallowtheplantsroomtogrow.Atthetime,someofmycomradesjokedthatIwasamineratheart,forIspentmydaysinawastelandandmyfreetimedigginginthecourtyard.Theauthoritiessuppliedmewithseeds.Iatfirstplantedtomatoes,chilies,andonions—hardyplantsthatdidnotrequirerichearthorconstantcare.Theearlyharvestswerepoor,buttheysoonimproved.Theauthoritiesdidnotregretgivingpermission,foroncethegardenbegantoflourish,Ioftenprovidedthewarderswithsomeofmybesttomatoesandonions.WhileIhavealwaysenjoyedgardening,itwasnotuntilIwasbehindbarsthatIwasabletotendmyowngarden.MyfirstexperienceinthegardenwasatFortHare,where,aspartoftheuniversity'smanuallaborrequirement,Iworkedinoneofmyprofessors'gardensandenjoyedthecontactwiththesoilasanalternativetomyintellectuallabors.OnceIwasinJohannesburgstudyingandthenworking,Ihadneitherthetimenorthespacetostartagarden.Ibegantoorderbooksongardening.Istudieddifferentgardeningtechniquesandlearnedthroughtrialanderror.Foratime,Iattemptedtogrowpeanuts,anduseddifferentsoilsandfertilizers,butfinallyIgaveup.Itwasoneofmyfewfailures.Agardenwasoneofthefewthingsinprisonthatonecouldcontrol.Toplantaseed,watchitgrow,totenditandthenharvestit,offeredasimplebutenduringsatisfaction.Thesenseofbeingtheownerofthesmallpatchofearthofferedasmalltasteoffreedom.Insomeways,Isawthegardenasametaphorforcertainaspectsofmylife.Leadersmustalsolookaftertheirgardens;they,too,plantseeds,andthenwatch,cultivate,andharvesttheresults.Likegardeners,leadersmusttakeresponsibilityforwhattheycultivate;theymustmindtheirwork,trytodrivebackenemies,savewhatcanbesaved,andeliminatewhatcannotsucceed.IwroteWinnietwolettersaboutaparticularlybeautifultomatoplant,howImadeitgrowfromatenderseedlingtoastrongplantthatproduceddeepredfruit.Butthen,eitherthroughsomemistakeorlackofcare,theplantbegantowitheranddeclineandnothingIdidwouldbringitbacktohealth.Whenitfinallydied,Iremovedtherootsfromthesoil,washedthem,andburiedtheminacornerofthegarden.Itoldherthissmallstoryatgreatlength.Idonotknowwhatshereadintothatletter,butwhenIwroteitIhadamixtureoffeelings.Ididnotwantourrelationshiptogothewayofthatplant,andyetIfeltthatIhadbeenunabletonourishmanyofthemostimportantrelationshipsinmylife.Sometimesthereisnothingonecandotosavesomethingthatmustdie.曼德拉的菜园曼德拉的菜园纳尔逊·曼德拉1977年初，当局宣布结束体⼒劳动，给我们安排了⼀些院内的⼯作，这样我们可以在⾃⼰这⽚区域⾥打发时间了。结束了体⼒劳动就像解放了⼀样。现在我每天可以读书、写信、和我的狱友讨论问题，或者准备法律⽂件。时间上的⾃由还让我得以继续从事在罗本岛上培养起来的两⼤爱好：园艺和⽹球。为了在狱中⽣存，你必须设法使⾃⼰在⽈常⽣活中得到满⾜。你可以通过把⾐服洗得特别⼲净，把门前过道打扫得⼀尘不染，或把⾃⼰的牢房整理出尽可能⼤的空间这些⽅法使⾃⼰感到充实。同⼀个在监狱外的⼈为完成重要任务⽽感到⾃豪⼀样，监狱⾥的⼈也可以为完成⼀些⼩事⽽同样感到⾃豪。⼏乎从刚在罗本岛服刑时起，我就向狱⽅提出申请，允许我在院⼦⾥开垦⼀块菜园。多年来，他们没有给出任何原因，却⼀直拒绝着我的请求。但最终他们让步了，这样我们能够在远处墙根下⼀块狭长的地⾯上划出⼀⼩⽚地⽅来作为菜园。院⼦⾥的⼟壌很⼲，⽽且⽯头很多。这个院⼦在建起来之前是个垃圾场，因此为了开辟园⼦，我得清除掉⼤量的⽯头，给植物留出⽣长的空间。当时，⼀些狱友开玩笑说我⾻⼦⾥是个矿⼯，整天待在⼀⽚荒地⾥，把⾃⼰的空闲时间都花费在挖院⼦⾥的⼟上了。狱⽅给我提供了种⼦。开始时，我种了番茄、辣椒和洋葱——都是些不需要肥沃的⼟壤或经常照料的⽣命⼒很强的植物。早期的收成不好，但很快状况就有了改善。狱⽅不会后悔允许我开辟菜园种菜的，因为菜园⾥的蔬菜长得好起来后，我就经常给看守们⼀些最好的番茄和洋葱。虽然我⼀直喜爱园艺，但直到⼊狱后我才得以照料⼀⽚属于⾃⼰的莱园。在园艺⽅⾯的第⼀次经历是在福特哈尔，那是⼤学时作为体⼒劳动要求的⼀部分，我在⼀位教授家的园⼦⾥⼲活，在那⾥我享受着脑⼒劳动之余和⼟地之间的接触。但⾃从我到约翰内斯堡学习并⼯作以后，就没有时间也没有地⽅开辟⼀个菜园了。我开始订阅⼀些关于园艺的书籍，学习了不同的园艺技术，经历了尝试和失败之后，我学到了很多东西。我曾⽤不同的⼟壌和化肥来试着种花⽣，但最终我放弃了。这是我很少的⼏次失败中的⼀次。菜园是⼀个⼈在监狱中所能控制的仅有的⼏件事情之⼀。播下种⼦，看着它⽣长，照料它，然后收获果实，这⼀过程使⼈得到⼀种简单却持久的满⾜感。作为⼀⼩⽚⼟地的主⼈我感受到⼀丝⾃由。在某些⽅⾯，我把这个菜园当作⾃⼰⽣活中某些⽅⾯的写照。领袖⼈物也必须照料他们的菜园；他们也⼀样要播种，然后看管、培育、收获果实。像园丁⼀样，领袖们也必须为他们培育的⼀切负上责任；他们必须致⼒于⾃⼰的⼯作，努⼒击退敌⼈，挽救所能挽救的⼀切，并去除不能取得成功的事情。在写给温妮的两封信中我讲述了⼀株⾮常美丽的番茄，告诉她我是怎样把它从⼀棵娇嫩的幼苗培养成结出深红⾊果实的强壮的植物。但是后来，也许是因为出了什么错，也许是因为缺少照料，这棵番茄开始枯萎、凋谢，⽽我⽆论做什么都⽆法挽救它了。当它最终死去的时候，我把它的根从⼟中挖了出来，洗⼲净后埋在了菜园的⼀⾓。我⽤了很长的篇幅给她讲了这个⼩故事。⾄于她从那封信中体会到了什么⾔外之意，我不得⽽知，但我当时是怀着⾮常复杂的⼼情来写这封信的。我不希望我们之间的关系像那株植物⼀样枯萎了，然⽽我感觉到我已不能维持我⽣活中许多最为重要的关系。有时，注定要逝去的东西任凭你怎么设法挽救都是徒劳的。KeyWords:pride[praid]n.⾃豪，骄傲，引以⾃豪的东西，⾃尊⼼cell[sel]n.细胞，电池，⼩组，⼩房间，单⼈牢房，(蜂房的)巢室patch[pæʃ]n.补丁，⼩⽚vt.修补，补缀permission[pə'miʃən]n.同意，许可，允许legal['li:gəl]adj.法律的，合法的，法定的survive[sə'vaiv]vt.⽐...活得长，幸免于难，艰难度过manualænjuəl]adj.⼿⼯的，体⼒的n.⼿册，指南，键announcedə'naunst]adj.宣布的eventually[i'ventjuəli]adv.终于，最后courtyard['kɔ:tjɑ:d]n.庭院，院⼦manualænjuəl]adj.⼿⼯的，体⼒的n.⼿册，指南，键courtyard['kɔ:tjɑ:d]