高英第一册第二课课件

ExcerptsLessonTwoHiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapanI.Pre-TextQuestionsII.BackgroundInformationA-Bomb2.Hiroshimaandthenuclearattack3.Post-warHiroshimaIII.DetailedStudyoftheTextIV.Bird-ViewStudyoftheText1.Structure2.WritingStyleandTechniquesV.DiscussionI.Pre-TextQuestions

1.DoyouknowwhathappenedinHiroshima?What’stheresult?Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetowardsHiroshima?2.WasHiroshimainanywaydifferentfromotherJapanesecities?BackgroundInformationA-Bomb2ThebuildingoftheatomicbombiscalledtheManhattanProject.DevelopedbyAmericanscientists,thefirstatomicbombwasdetonated引爆attheTrinitytestsitenearAlamogordo(阿拉莫戈多),NewMexico,onJuly16,1945.Shownhereistheatomicbombnicknamed“LittleBoy,”whichwasdroppedonHiroshima,Japanat8:15a.m.onAugust6,1945bytheAmericanB-29bomberEnolaGay.LittleBoy

PaulTibbetsTheexplosionproducesgreatamountsofheat,ashockwaveandintenseradiation.Theregionoftheexplosionbecomesradioactivelycontaminatedandradioactiveproductsmaybedepositedelsewhereasfallout(原子尘）.BackgroundInformationHiroshima-BythebeginningofWorldWarII,Hiroshimawasthe7thlargestcityinJapan.Duringthewaritwasaregionalarmyheadquartersaswellasamajorrailcenterandproducerofwarmaterials.BackgroundInformationSept.1,1939HitlerinvadedPoland.FranceandBritaindeclaredwaronGr.immediately,officiallybeginningWorldWarIIJun.22,1941Gr.invadedUSSRDec.7,1941 PearlHarbourSept.1943 ItalysurrenderedMay.7,1945 Gr.surrenderedunconditionallyBackgroundInformationAug.6,1945 thefirstA-bombexplodedinHiroshimaAug.8,1945 USSRdeclaredwaronJapanandoccupiedManchuriaAug.9,1945 thedroppingofthesecondA-bombonNagasakiAug.14,1945 JapanannounceditssurrenderBackgroundInformationAt8:15a.m.onAugust6,1945,byorderofPresidentTruman,thefirstAtomicbomb,nicknamedLittleBoywasexplodedoverapointnearthecentreofHiroshima,destroyingalmosteverythingwitharadiusof830-1,450meters.BackgroundInformationThedamagebeyondthisareawasconsiderable,andover71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Casualtiesnumberednearly130,000.BackgroundInformationSurvivorsarestilldyingofdiseasesinducedbyradiation.Almost98%ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged.DetailedstudyHiroshima-the“liveliest”cityinJapanwhythewordliveliestisputinquotation?Itisquoted.Theauthorthinksitsironic.Irony:afigureofspeechinwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressedistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humourorsarcasm.(反讽)Eg:愚公、智叟In1912theTitanicwastoutedas"100%unsinkable",andyettheshipsankonitsmaidenvoyage.Para.1Slip:suggestsinvoluntaryratherthanvoluntary,sometimesevendefinitelyimplyingalossoffootingandafall指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。

slide:impliesacceleratedmotionwithoutloosingcontactwiththeslipperysurface.通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。

Glide:ratherclosetoslide,meanstomovesmoothly,quietlyandcontinuouslyasischaracteristicofdances.指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。Plane______downtotheairfield.TomSawyer______pastthedoorwithoutanyonenoticing.

YesterdayJenny_______onapatchoficeandsprained

herankle.glidedslidslippedslippedtoastopcametoastopsmoothlyandeffortlesslySliptoastopAlliteration:therepetitionofaninitialsoundthatisusu.aconsonantintwoormoreneighbouringwords.(押头韵)Eg:prideandprejudice;senseandsensibility;forandforemost（首先）;Withmightandmain（尽力）Para1tohavealumpinone'sthroat:tohaveatightfeelinginthethroatbecausestrongemotion,suchassorrow,pity,gratitude,orexcitement,etc.beonone’s

mindoccupyone’sthoughts,esp.asasourceofworrybear/keep

sth./sb.inmind?Themangerhasresigned,soI’vealotonmymindnow.Wehavenovacanciesnow,butwe’llcertainlybearyourapplicationinmind.remembersth.oninPara1WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?Rhetoricalquestion(修辞疑问句)：aquestionthatneedsnoanswer,butusedforemphasis。Realmeaning:IwasnowattheplacewherethefirstA-bombwasdropped.Para1Questionsaboutthefirstparagraph

1.Whatistheauthor?WhatdoeshecometoHiroshimafor?2.HowdidhegettoHiroshima?3.Whatwasweighingheavilyonhismind?4.WhydidhecallhistriptoHiroshimaafargreatadventure?Para2TheJapanesecrowddidnotappeartohavethesamepreoccupationthatIhad.Appear,Look,andSeemcanmeantobeasstatedinone'svieworjudgement,butnotnecessarilyinfact.Seem

suggestsanopinionbasedonsubjectiveimpressionratherthanobjectivesigns.Heseemstired.Look

impliesthattheopinionisbasedonageneralvisualimpression.Hislipslookedunnatural.Helooksnervous.Appear

suggestsa

distortedimpressionHistonguecouldmaketheworseappearthebetterreason.Heappearednottohaveheardwhathadbeensaidabouthim.Para2preoccupy:tofillone'smindcompletelysothatnotenoughattentionisgiventootherpresentmattersIwastoopreoccupiedtohearthebell.Preoccupation:extremeconcernforsth.ItseemedtomethattheJapanesedidnothavethesameextremeconcernwhichisbotheringme.kimonoPara2rubshoulderswith:(informal)meetandmixwith(people)Eg:他喜欢这种聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。9)Helovessuchgatheringsatwhichherubsshoulderswithyoungpeopleandexchangeopinionswiththemonvarioussubjects.Para2oblivious:beunawareof,notnoticing,unconsciousof,lackingmindfulattentionEg:Theirgovernmentisobliviousoftherightsofthepoor.Eg:Iamobliviousofmyformerfailure.IwassopreoccupiedwiththebookthatIwasobliviousofthesurroundings.Para.3Thedriver’sdoorpoppedopenattheverysightofatraveller…Hegrinnedatmeintherear-viewmirror.Rhetoricoftheunderlinedpart:onomatopoeiagrin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。smile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。Para.3Thetallbuildingofthemartyredcity…inresponsetothedriver’ssharptwistsofthewheel.Paraphrase:Thehighbuildingspassedswiftlyandwhenthedrivermadeabruptchangesofdirection,wesometimesswungtooneside,sometimestotheothersideinresponsetotheswayingmotionofthecar.Para5AtlastthisintermezzocametoanendIntermezzo:ashort,

lightdramatic,musicalorballetentertainmentbetweentheactsofaplayoropera;HerethewordisusedfigurativelytorefertoanythingthatfillstimebetweentwoeventsPara5Whydoestheauthorusethephrase“Ifoundmyself”?Whatistheindicatedmeaningofthisphrase?Itindicatessuddenness,unconsciousness.IsuddenlydiscoveredthatIwasinfrontoftheCityHall.Theusherboweddeeplyandheaved

along,almostmusicalsignRhetoricoftheunderlinedpart:metaphorPara.6-7sketch:todrawroughlyandquicklywithoutlinesbutlittledetaillittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapers...strugglebetweenkimonoandtheminiskirtRhetoric:Metonymy(借代/转喻）Metonymy:

afigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociated.Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:

a.NamesofpersonsUncleSam:theUSA

b.Animalsthebear:theSovietUnionthedragon:theChinese(afightbetweenthebearandthedragon)c.Partsofthebodyheart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonShewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.greyhair:oldage

d.Profession:thepress:newspapers,reportersetc.HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.thebar:thelegalprofessione.locationofgovernment,businessetc.DowningStreet:theBritishGovernmenttheWhiteHouse:theUSpresidentandhisgovernmenttheCapitolHill:USCongressWallStreet:USfinancialcirclesHollywood:AmericanfilmmakingindustryQuestionfrompara.2topara.75.HowdidtheauthorgettotheCityHall?6.Whatimpressiondoyouhaveaboutthecabdriver?7.Howdidtheauthordescribethecity,why?8.Whydidtheusherheavealongalmostmusicalsigh?Whateffectdoesthishaveonyou?9.Whatisthegeneralatmosphereofthispart?Para8stun:tomakeunconsciousbyhittingtheheadTherobbersstunnedtheguardbybanginghimonthehead.Hewasstunnedbythenewsofhisfather'sdeath.stunning:veryattractive,delightful,beautiful,makingyoubecomeintoxicated(沉醉的，中毒的）Porcelain-facedwomanPara8Treadcarefullyonthesofttatami…towalkorstep,toputthefootdownon(Notice:themindisfixedonthefeet.)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。twinge:asuddensharppainAtwingeofembarrassment:?Para9andpara10

thedifferencebetweenSiteandspotLingeron:toliveonthepointofdeathforsometime,esp.whensufferingfromadisease,beslowindying1.Whatdoyouimaginethemayorlookedlike?2.Whydidheagainsensetheemotionthathadcrushedhimatthestation?3.Whywasitdifficultforhimtoaskwhytheyweregatheredatthatspecificplace?4.WhydidtheAmericansandGermansseemjustasinhibitedashewas?Para14

WhatdoyouimaginethefaceslookedlikeeachtimethenameofHiroshimawasrepeated?Whydoyouthinktheauthorrepeatedlyremindsusoftheseriousappearancesandthepsychologyofthewesterners?Whatdoyouthinktheauthorexpectedthemayortosay?

Para16agitate:tostir,upset,disturbThespeechagitatedthecrowd.agitated:emotionallydisturbedandexcitedTheaudiencewasagitated.agitator:personwhostirsuppublicopinion,esp.onapoliticalmatteragitation:painfulexcitementofthemindNoneofthemnoticedheragitationPara17…atownknownthroughouttheworldforits---oystersRhetoric:Anti-Climax(反高潮）:Anti-climax:thesuddenappearanceofanabsurdortrivialideafollowingaserioussignificantideas.Thisdeviceisusu.aimedatcreatingcomicorhumorouseffects.Thedutiesofasoldieraretoprotectiscountryandpeelpotatoes.

Whatdoyouthinktheauthorexpectedthemayortosay?Para18assent:(fml.)agreement,anacceptance(ofastatement)astrue,Itbasicallyappliestoopinionorproposal,suggestingunderstandingsinkin:

penetrate,befullyabsorbedorunderstood,jolt:toshakeorbeshockedreverie:dreamythinking,esp.ofagreeablethings,daydreamingPara19heinous:(lit)(ofwickedpeopleoracts)veryshameful,hatefullyandshockinglyevil,abominable,outrageous,soshamelesslybadorsoconspicuousthatitexciteshatredorhorrorTheNanjingmassacrewasaheinouscrimecommittedbytheJapanese.Para22confess:admit

Ifyouconfesssth.orconfesstosth.,youadmitthatyouhavedonesth.thatyoufeelashamedof,orembarrassedabout.confession:areligiousserviceatwhichapersontellshisfaultstoapriestPara25Whatistheundertonewhenthemansaid:“ItellyouthisbecauseIamalmostanoldman”?TheimplicationiswhyIdonotcareifpeopleshouldknowIwasherewhenthebombwasdroppedisthatI’moldnow.Otherpeoplemighttrytohidethefact.Para25demolish:pulldownorteardown,todestroy.Whenusedinreferencetobuildingsorothercomplexstructures(asofwood,stone,orsteel),itimpliescompletewreckageandoftenaheapofruins.Theautomobilewasdemolishedinacollisionwiththetrain.Hisresearchhasbeenpainstaking,andhedemolishesagreatmanylegends.demolish，强调拆除建筑物，而destroy仅指破坏。Para27Gayanddelightfulgay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。Para29bytrade:byoccupation;bywayofmakingalivingPara31spare:tokeepfromharming,punishingorattackingTakemymoneybutsparemylife.Laydownyourarmsandwe'llspareyourlives.Theenemyweresoheinousthattheyevenrefusedtosparethenew-borns.Ifeltsick,andeversincethentheyhavebeentestingandtreatingme.Rhetoric:alliterationItisusedherealsotoachievemusicaleffect;Para35Gazeandstaregaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕、生气等。earthly:ofthisworldasopposedtoheaven;materialworldlyasopposedtospiritualearthlycare:dailylifeandworries,caresontheearthwhichisincontrastwiththatinheaven,indeath.Para38What’syoufeelingabouttheoldmanafteryoureadthispart?DoyoureallythinkthatHiroshimaistheliveliestcityinJapan?StructuralAnalysisPartI:(para1.)TheArrival

PartII:(TheJapanese...thekimonoandtheminiskirt.)WaytoCityHallPartIII:(Atthedoor...)MeetingtheMayorPartIV:(thehospital)AttheHospitalWritingTechnique

1.Contrast:descriptionofthesceneryandofhisownemotionPsychology:sorrowfulandrepentant.Hiroshimasymbolizeswarcrime,sin,death,terror,etc.Scenery:lively,happy,vigorous,cheerful,etc.WritingTechnique2.Humour:seriouslookingmen,bobupanddown,thecabdriver,theusher,meetingthemayorinhissocks,spinalcolumnflexible,Hiroshima---oysters,smallmanwithverylargeeye-glasses,hiseyesnearlyclosedbehindtheirthicklenses,etc.ExerciseExerciseⅡ.

1)Themenwithseriousexpressionweresoabsorbedintheirconversationthattheyseemednottopayanyattentiontothepeoplearoundthem.2)Assoonasthetaxidriversawatraveler,heimmediatelyopenedthedoor.3)Thetraditionalfloatinghousesamonghighmodernbuildingsrepresenttheconstantstrugglebetweenoldtraditionandnewdevelopment.4)1sufferedfromastrongfeelingofshamewhenIthoughtofthesceneofmeetingthemayorofHiroshimawearingmysocksonly.5)ThefewAmericansandGermansseemedjustasrestrainedas1was．6)AfterthreedaysinJapanonegetsquiteusedtobowingtopeopleasaritualtoshowgratitude．7)1wasonthepointofshowingmyagreementbynoddingwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhathemeant．Hiswordsshockedmeoutmysaddreamythinking．8)Ithoughtforsomereasonorothernoharmhadbeendonetome．Ⅳ．1)n．+presentparticiple：epoch—making，face—keeping，timeconsuming，nerve—wracking2)n．+pastparticiple：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt，heartfelt3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，empty—headed，cold—blooded6)adj．+presentparticiple：high—sounding，hard—working,plain-sailing，far—reaching7)adj．+pastparticiple：high—flown，new-born，finespun,high—strungⅤ．1)was指事实如此；而mustbe意为“很可能”。2)“WasIatthescene…?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而“WasInotatthescene…?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒……不是”的意思。3)elderly意为“上了年纪的”，但不算太老。4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。smile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(abuildingsite)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(siteofthefirstatomicbombardment)。spot所指地点较小。8)demolish意义比较实在，强调拆除建筑物，而destroy指破坏，损坏。9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。Ⅵ．1)job，task，duty2)unaware3)fronts，bythefrontdoor