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初中英语笔录大全(精髓版)Thisisthekeytothedoor.这是开门的钥匙。sb.call电话号码sth.at电话号码callsb.=phonesb.=ringsb.uppleasegivemeacall.

请打电话给我family

指家庭时是单数,谓语动词用“

is

”,family

指家人时是复数,谓语动词用“

are”。of

表示无生命物体的所有格,

s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也能够用

of,但有生命物体后要加“

s”。以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装,以示重申。What’syourname,please?=Couldyoutellmeyourname,please?=MayIhaveyourname,please?Nicetomeetyou.=Gladtomeetyou.=Pleasedtomeetyou.写启迪的方法:启迪的主题;2.描述细节;3.留下联系方式。表示吃惊、悲伤、微怒、绝望等,能够用dear作叹息词。名词假如有数目词修饰它,使用谓语动词适应看他的数目词,如:hereisasetofkeysherearetwosetsof

keysgettosomewhere(gethome

除外)抵达have(有生命物体的“有”

)有there

is(无生命物体的“有”

)必定:

Let+宾语(人称代词的宾格或名词)

+V

原型+否认:Don’tlet+

宾语

+V原型+/Let+

宾语

+not+V

原型+have

表示“有”时才能够用来发问或写成否认“

haven’。t”Let's

(include

说话的人和听话的人

)问:shallwe?Letus

(不include

听话的人)

问:will

you

?be动词look看sound听+adj.作表语联系动词smell感官动词闻taste尝fell触反身代词:myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves(他们自己)Howmuch+be+商品?(答:It’s/They’re)=Whatisthepriceof?(答:It’s)cent美分Onedollar=100centsother(二者中的另一个)another(三者中的另一个)越凑近物件自己性质的形容词越凑近物件,如:bigbluehat帮助某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.helpsb.withsth.withthehelp(n.)ofsb.e.g.Hestudiesmathwell,withthehelpofteacher.一般未来时的一般形式:主语+will+动词原形+CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?=(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?a.受欢迎的welcome

v.欢迎n.欢迎

getawarmwelcome

获得热情欢迎be动词不加动词原形“hundred,thousand”与基数词一同表示详细数字时不加“s”。hundredsof

上百

thousandsof

上千buysth.forsb.=buysb.

(间接宾语)

sth.

(直接宾语)

为某人买某物anybody

在必定句中表示任何人,在否认句和疑问句中不是。for表示动词的对象或接受者,表示用途,表示目的,表示等价互换或标明价钱,表示时间持续多久,表示距离,表示原由或原由。each重申二者或二者以上的每一个,重申个体+第三人称单数every重申三者或三者以上的每一个,重申整体TherearemanytreesoneachsideoftheroadTherearemanytreesonbothsidesoftheroadthepriceislow(high)价钱低(高)也

also

放在

be动词、神态动词、助动词以后,实意动词以前either

放在句末

(疑问句、否认句

)too

放在句末

(必定句

)onacoldmorning在一个严寒的清晨when?whattime?

答不用详细时间答要用详细时间比赛contest和智力或知识相关的比赛gamematch有计划早先安排好的比赛连续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.akindof

一种manykindof

很多种allkindsof

各种各种kindof

有几分如:

Theelephantsarekindofcute.含有

think

的宾语从句中假如从句中有否认,要否认前移,如:

Shedoesn

’tthinktheyareboring.(她以为他们不无聊)问:Howareyou?答:I’mfine.(

我很好。

)/Justsoso.(

一般般。

)表示时间、价钱、距离的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:

Twodollarsisenough(

足够)。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节仍是闭音节:双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心,元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音,所以,第一找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合,两此中心就清楚了。两此中心之间的辅音字母(不是字母组合)则分别划归两个音节,第一个音节即为闭音节,假如两此中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母(包含“r”),分别划归前后,第一个音节按闭音节读音。如:paper/

’peip

?/(pa

为开音节)member/’memb?/(mem为闭音节)happy/

’h?pi/(hap

为闭音节)sorry/

’s?ri/(sor

为闭音节)certainly/

’s?:tnil/Iamsorry.Ican’tgowithyou.(对不起。我不可以和你一同去。)Thanks./Thankyou./Thankyouverymuch./Thankalot./Manythanks.Youarewelcome./That

’sOK./That

’sallright.It

’smypleasure./Withpleasure.

(这是我的有幸)。makefriendwithsb.(和交朋友)Thanksfor+n./v.ing=Thankssb.for+n./v.ingbelow在下方(非正下方)反义词:above在上边(非正上方,没有接触面)under在下边(正下方)反义词:on(有接触面),over(没有接触面)在上边(正上方)keep+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。表示恳求、建议、希望获得对方必定回答的疑问句用“some”。问:

Let答:

OK./Allright.

/That

’sagoodidea./Thatsoundsgood./Sorry.sport

用来修饰名词要变成

sports

。play+the+

乐器

Erhu

除外be动词后叫表语,修饰名词叫定语,修饰动词叫状语,前后两词平等叫同位语。人民币和日元变复数不变,其余要。begoodwithsb.=getonwellwithsb.与某人相处的很好问:HowoftendoesRickrunonweekend?答:Rickusuallyrunsonweekend.always(老是)usually(往常)often(常常)sometime(有时)seldom(极少)never(从不)频度副词放在be动词或助动词以后,实意动词或行为动词以前。叹息句:What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(主)+(谓)!如:Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!How+adj./adv.+(主)+(谓)!如:Howbeautifultheflowersare!Canyouthinkwhathisjobis?含有宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句的从句一定是陈说句。Starttodosth.开始做某事befamousfor因有名bebusydoingsth.忙于某事bebusywithsth.bestrictwithsb.对某人某事严格bestrictinsth./doingsth.for+

时间段做某事连续多久问:

Howlongdoyouhavevolleyball?答:

Ihavevolleyballfortwohours.asksb.somequestions.

问某人一些问题asksb.todosth.no=notany

叫某人做某事because

不睦

so

同时使用,

although(

只管)不睦

but

同时使用。little

几乎没有

(否认)修饰不行数名词alittle

有一些(必定)few

几乎没有

(否认)修饰可数名词afew

有一些(必定)either

:二者中的任何一个都行。neither

:二者中的任何一个都不。用“may”发问的句子回答用can/can‘can/can’t;用“must”发问的句子回答用

t或must/mustnneed/needn’t.

t;

用“can”发问的句子回答用如:

1.MayIparkmycarhere?Yes,youcan/must./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.2.CanIwatchTV?Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.3.MustIcleantheclassroomthismorning?Yes,youneed./No,youneedn’t.beafraidofdoingsth./beafraidofsth.

惧怕做某事

/某物befondof=likemakeacontinuationtosth.

对有贡献dowellin=begoodat

善于比较级

+and+

比较级

愈来愈giveback=return

送还法国人单数:Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数:Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形intheworld

在世界上allovertheworld/aroundtheworld/thewholeword

全球intheschool

在学校里

inschool

在学校学习outside在外面outsidethegatetothepark在公园门外turning转角godown+沿着路走gostraightdown+沿着路直走enjoydoingsth.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefuntakeawalk=goforawalk=haveawalkthebeginningofatthebeginningofinthebeginningfromthebeginningfrombeginningtoendvisit+avisitto+havefundoingsth.+isagreatplacetodosth.bebusywithsth.thewaytoonthewayto+onone’swayto+onmywaytohomepasssth.tosb.把某物递给某人passsb.sth.in大地方arriveat小地方arriveatschool抵达学校gettoschoolreachschool+hope(that)++hope+todosth.liveon主语为物Ittakessb.时间、金钱to.dosth.做某事要花某人多少take时间、金钱花销spend主语为人spend时间、金钱onsth./(in)doingsth.cost主语为物(重申金钱)Thisbookcostsme3yuan.pay主语为人pay金钱tosb.forsth.为了某物付钱给某人pay金钱tosb.=paysb.金钱paysb.付钱给某人between二者之间among三者或三者以上之间across指在表面穿过、有接触面through指从内部穿过over指从上空穿过、没有接触面Whynotdosth.?表建议:为何不做呢?Whydon’tyoudosth.?表疑问:你为何不要?because句子because名词/名词短语/代词如Ididn'tgotoschoolIdidn'tgotoschool

becauseIwasill.becauseoftheillness.kindofadj.akindofn.manykindsofallkindsof如:Peoplelikethiskindofanimals,becausethey’hesouthof在南部asleep睡着的adj.fallasleep入眠beasleep正睡着befriendlytosb.对某人友善don’tforgettodosth.不要忘掉做某事tellsb.todosth.叫某人去做某事tellsb.nottodosth.叫某人不去做某事stoptodosth.停下正在做的,去做某事stopdoingsth.停下正在做的是介词+doingsth.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事Whichplacedoyoulivein=Wheredoyoulive?Isn’thecute?否认疑问句Samwantstoplaybasketball,doesn’the?翻译疑问句Whynotdosth.?=Whydon’tyoudosth.?practicedoingsth.练习做某事usesth.todosth.比较级中的代词用that,如:ThemapofBeijingisbetterthanthatofTianjin.saidtooneself喃喃自语becarefulnottodosth.当心别做某事doone’sbest尽某人的全力由bemadeof看得出原资料的制作的bemakefrom看不出原资料的besatisfiedwith对满意befullof尽是inthefrontof在内部的前面infrontof在外面的前面条件状语从句:主语为未来时,从句为一般此刻时。如:We’havellasportsmeetingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.It’s(形式主语)+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.(主语)做某事怎么样。如:It’simportantforhimtoplaythepiano.弹钢琴对他很重要。It’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth.(adj.应为sb.的自己性质)如:It’skindofyoutohelpme.你帮助了我,你真好。goacrossthebridge过桥in+时间段(未来时)多久后after(放在时间前)在以后,多久以后later(放在时间后)Whatdoesshedo?=What’sshe?=What’sherjob?work(UN)job(CN)sometimes频度副词;有时sometime某时,某个不确立的时间如:IhopeIcanvisitHongKongsometime.sometimes几次sometime一些时间givesb.sth.给某人某物(sth.直接宾语,sb.间接宾语)givesth.tosb.getsth.fromsb.从某人那边获得某物wear穿的状态puton穿上talkto/withsb.与某人谈话beindanger处于危险中beoutofdanger离开危险beout出门asksb.sth.问某人某事asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事waitress女服务员workwithsb.与某人工作workwithsth.工作与某物相关belatefor做迟到了needsth.需要某物(实义动词)needtodosth.需要做某事needneeddoing需要被如:Theflowersneedwatering.花需要被浇水。learnbyoneself=teachoneself自学teachsb.sth.教某人某事teachsb.todosth.教某人去做某事watch长时间的看看see重申看的结果look重申看的过程、动作read阅读showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.lately近来seesb.doingsth.看到某人正做某事waittodosth.等候做某事cawtwaittodosth.急不行待地想要做某事thanksfor+n./动名词表语一般放在be动词后,定语一般放在名词前。bewithsb.与某人在一同every

one

指人

everybodyevery

one

能够指人,也能够指物描述头发:美丽

+长短

+

形状

+

颜色描述人的长相:

have/has+

hair/eyes/ears/mouth/nose

is/am/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/ofmediumheightstrong

的反义词:

weak

衰弱的lovetodosth.

喜爱做某事wear

用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如:

MissLiiswearinganewdresstoday.

李老师今日衣着一件新裙子。popular

流行;受欢迎的

pop

流行good-looking外在美(指男性或女性)beautiful外在美或内在美(指女性或物)ordinary-looking容颜平平ugly-looking

容颜不美丽的;容颜丑

的handsome美丽;帅气kindof=alittlebit+adj./adv.=alittlebitof+n.tellsb.joke给某人讲笑话makeajokewithsb.和某人开玩笑Don'tmakesuchkindofjokeswithothers别和他人开这类玩笑多个形容词修饰名词时,次序为:限制词(the;a)数词描述词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色)出处资料性质、类又名词asmallroundtable.如:afamousGermanmedicalschool.anexpensiveJapanesesportscar.remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事Whocleanedtheclassroom?Thestudentsdid.特别喜爱:likealot/verymuch有一点喜爱:likealittle一点都不喜爱:(doesn't)don'tlikeatalloutgoingWhatfineweatheritis=Howfinetheweatherissth.wouldliketodosth.sb.todosth.-Wouldyoulikesth.-Yesplease./Nothanks.-Wouldyouliketodosth.-Yes’’Idliketo./IdliketobutIroundtheworldjunkfoodmakeareasontodosth.为做某事编一个原由givethereasonforsth.给出某事/做某事的原由givethereasonfordoingsth.如:givemeyourreasonsforbeinglate.beonavisit(n.)to=visit(v.)stay+adj.practise(v.)practicepractice(v.)n./pron./doingsth.practice(n.)(没有practise)如:Practicemakesperfect勤能补拙在山顶上onthetopofthemountain在半山腰halfwayupthemountain在山脚下atthefootofthemountainbeangrywithsb.Ittakessb.时间todosth.做某事花某人多少时间人spendonsth.时间/金钱(in)doingsth.人forsth.pay金钱sb.物costsb.钱mostof中的大部分dosth.(看见常常做或做过)watchsb./sth.doingsth.(看见正在做)todosth.Itistimeforsth.forsb.todosth.Hedoesn’twanttodoanything.=Hewantstodonothing.Helponeselftosth.

受欢迎playajokeonsb.

和某人开玩笑dresssb.为某人穿衣妆扮动词原型及其过去式to+v.(不定式)makesb.dosth.省略to的不定式letsb.dosth.havesb.dosth.helpsb.(to)dosth.可加可不加another+n.(单)||wouldlikesb.todosth.it'sfuntodosth.havefundoingsth.动词原形过去式动词原形过去式动词原形过去式am/iswasarewerebear(忍耐)borebeat(打击;beatbecomebecamebeginbegan战胜)break(使brokebringbroughtbuild(建built破裂)造)buyboughtcancouldcatchcaughtcomecamecostcostcutcutdo/doesdiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrivedroveeatatefallfellfeedfedfightfoughtfindfoundflyflewforgetforgotgetgotgivegavegowentgrowgrewhung(闲hang(吊)逛)hanged(have/hashadhearheard吊)holdheldhurthurtkeepkeptknowknewlay(下蛋)laidlead(指引)ledlearnlearndleaveleaflie(谎话)lied/layletletloselostmakemademaymightmeanmeantmeetmetpaypaidwinwonputputreadreadrideroderingrangrunransaysaidseesawsellsoldsendsentwillwouldshowed过去writewroteshallshouldshow分词:shownsingsangsitsatsleepsleptspeakspokestandstoodsweepsweptswimswamtaketookteachtaughttelltoldthinkthoughtthrow(抛;threw扔)wearworeIt’stimeforsb.todosth.beworry(adj.)about( )=worry(v.)aboutgoondoingsth.连续做同一件事goontodosth.结束去做某件事叶子多半自己黄,老婆拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼,就像响马逃命亡。

去f/fe+vesleaf→leaveshalf→halvesself→selveswife→wivesknive→knivesshelf→shelveswolf→wolvesthief→thieveslife→livessothatdiscusswithsb.sth.findsb.doingsth.seesb.doingsth.watchsb.doingsth.seesb.doingsth.(经过时看到正在做)seesb.dosth.(看见整个过程)assoonas一就Standsth.Maybeadv.exercise(v.)=doexercise(n.)/dosportsDomoreexercise(un.),youwillbehealthier.Domorning/eyesexercises[有修饰词作为(cn.)]频次副词

比如位实义动词前,助动词、置be动词、神态动词后频次副词不影响动词形成

Iusuallygotothepark.Sheusuallygoestothepark.Sheusuallywenttotheparklastyear.HowoftenHowmanyHowmuchHowlong时间多久Howfar距离多远Howsoon

多快

例:Howsoonwillyoucomeback

Intwodays.Howmanytimesresultfordosth.wantsb.todosth.

多少次interesting东西令人感觉很风趣intered感觉谁很风趣Thanksfordoingsth.trytodosth.全力做某事thydoingsth.试试做某事vegetable(cn.)fruit(un.)bedifferentfrom与不一样lookafter=takecareof照料(重视)healthn.healthyadj.style风格、方式grade评论mark直观的分数helpsb.(to)do(v.)sth.helpsb.withsth.theold老人kindperson热情人thesameas与同样kindof=alittle(bit)keepingoodhealthy=keephealthymakeaplanfor为做计划although=though退步状语从句:固然、只管ahardjob难的adj.ahardstone硬的hardhard-working努力的workhard努力地adv.It'srainyhard雨下很大maybeadv.Maybeheisastudent例maybe神态v.原Hemaybeastudentv.( )begoodatsth./doingsth.advice(un.)建议apieceofadvice.sore肌肉引起炎症,酸痛ache连续痛苦,多加在身体部位后lotsof=alotofgoodfineadv.welladj.表示身体好fineWhat’sthematterwithsb?.What’sthetroublewithsb.?What’swrong(adj.)withsb.?What’shappenedtosb.?tired(adj.)主观感觉到疲惫tire(n.)tieing令人感觉疲惫certainly自然soundlike+名词/名词词组sometimes有时,常用于一般此刻时sometimes几次sometime某个时候,常用于未来时sometime一段时间,常用于此刻达成时wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事=wouldlikesb.todosth.trytodosth.全力做某事trynottodosth.全力不做某事hope表示有可能实现的梦想。hopetodosth.希望去做某事;hope+that从句(that能够省略)。此外,hope后边+so表示“希望这样”;hopenot表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的梦想有点难实现。wishtodosth.希望做某事;wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事;wishthat从句,从句所表示的希望一般是不行能实现的,故用虚构语气。abalanceofbalanced(adj.)traditional(adj.)tradition(n.)like名词短语像forexample句子Needsth./todosth.Begoodforsth./doingsth.get变得maybe(adv.)mayv.(原)bewithsth.toomuchn.(un)toomanyn.(cn)muchtooadj.western西方的形式主语→It’s+adj.todosth.improve提升haveapaininthe+身体部位名词修饰名词:①修饰词总为单数womanman随着所修饰词单复数变化③sport作为修饰词总为复数therebe+主语+doingsth.if:条件状语从句,用一般此刻时表未来时。ill表语:Theboyisill.表语:Theboyissick.sick定语:Thisisasickboy.不善于:beweakis善于:begoodatAngrywithsb.aboutsb.为某事生某人的气。for表目的,例:Wecomehereforvacation.spendtimewithsb.花时间在某人身上spend花销onsth.sb.spend(in)doingsth.未来时:1.will+v.(原)2.begoingtodosth.有方向性的词用此刻进行时表未来时计划好的事babysittingbabysitbabysatsb.pay钱forsth.Heisleavinginthemorning.Heisleavingonthemorningof28th.Heisleavingonacoldmorning.有修饰表示天气天气用onadj.goaway走开Haveagoodtime=Enjoyyourselfsendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.单数复数中日友善莫要变ChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese英法缔盟元音牵EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenbefamousas作为有名Jaychouisfamousasasinger.famous(adj.)Shantouisfamousforthebeautifulbeach.befamousfor因而有名Jaychouisfamousforhissong.think(过去式:thought):thinkaboutsth./doingsth.思虑thinkof:想起decide(决定)todosth./onsth./ondoingsth.在某大洲中心in:GreeceisinEurope.(European欧洲的)leavesomewhere走开某地——————leaveforsomewhere走开去某地plan→planned→planningnatural自然的finishdoingsth.达成某事hopetodosth./从句n.planv.plantodosth.plansth.Ican’twaittodosth.我急不行待想做某事thenumberof的数目dependon依靠于inthemountain在山区sothat这样致使tootokeep+宾语+adj.(宾补)v.openThewindowsisadj.开着的(closedadj.关着的)closeddecidetodosth./onsth./ondoingsth.宾语从句:陈说句语序getto=reach=arrivein/atWould/Willyouplease+v(

原)sitatthetable

用餐thefinal(adj.

最后的

)exam

期末考试How发问方式方法thousand

千million

百万前面加确数不加

sbillion

十亿△A地

+is+

距离

+(away)fromB

地△有详细距离不再用farMyhomeisfar(away)frommyschool.Myhome10kilometers(away)frommyschool.It’s+距离+fromAtoB划线部分发问:It’stenkilometresfrommyhometoschool.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool

?Ittakesb.

todosth.

例:

Ittakeshimabout10minutestoridetothestation.ride

车程:Anhour

’sbusridewilltakeyouthere.It's10kilometers.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?It's10minuteswalk.final=atlast=intheendnotall(部分否认)并不是所有:Notallstudentsarehere.bedifferent(adj.)fromdifference(adj.)Itdependsontheweather.depend决定Itdependsonhowmuchmoneyyouaregoingtospend.mustbe必定推断maybe可能can't不可以是alot/far/much用来修饰比较级表示差异程度大,差异程度小用abit/alittleanumberofasmallnumberof少量的n.(pl.)很多agreat/largenumberofWhatdoyouthinkof?=Howdoyoulike?need(实义动词)+sth./todosth.thenumberof的数目,谓动用单数(is)Thenumberofthestudentsis100.worryworry(v.)Don'tbeadj.)invite(v.)→invitation(n.)What(a/an)adj.n.(主谓)Howadj.主谓①不得不(客观):haveto②人称实时态变化Ihadtostudyuntill12:00lastnight.③否认借助动词::doShedon'thavetogethomebefore500.discusssth.议论某事soon间隔快quick反响快adj.fast挪动速度快adj.&adv.n.火车traintraining(n.)trainer训练员v.训练ThisisaphotoofTom:这是一张照Tom的照片ThisisTom'sphoto:这是Tom照的照片onone’swaytobythewayinwaysExcuse,you’reinmywayOct.(the)24th读:Oct.the24th24thOct.anothertwodays一个整体enjoydoingsth.begoodat=as

as省略to的不定式:makesb.do(原型)sth.alittlen.abitofadj.abitalotoflot'sofn.alotadj./adv./v.v.:喜爱likeprop.:像win项目奖项beat敌手onthefarm:takepartin=joininlikehelpingothershowever△,=butwho谁whose谁的宾格whomwho主格:Whoisthebest?who宾格:Whomareyougoingwith?makesb.adj.(宾补)lie→lyinganother+数字+复数名词byplane=byairbreak→broke→brokenbe+过去分词→被动语态WhattodoHowtodoithealthy→erestv.使感兴趣:Terestingv.:careaboutn.:takecareoflookaftercareadj.:carefuladj.:carefullywouldliketodosth.You’dbetterdosth./notdosth.view[vju:]n.

看法facetoface

当面another

在做形容词时意为“又一个,再一个,此外的”

,后来能够接可数名词的单数或复数。如:

Ihaveanothertwobookstoread.another

,theother

,others

,theothers①

another

既可作形容词又可作代词,泛指“再一个,又一个”

,表示“总数为三个或三个以上中随意的另一个”,表示泛指,能够独自使用;作定语时,修饰可数名词单数,其前不加冠词。如:

Thisdressisdirty

,pleasechangeanotheroneforme.②the

other

表示“两此中的另一个”,表示特指,总数为两个;它能够独自使用,也可用

theother+

可数名词单数。如:Hisparentsbothworkinahospital.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisanurse.③others用于泛指一些人或事物中其余的,可独自使用或用other+可数名词复数来取代。注意others后边不行直接加名词。如:SomestudentslikeEnglishandotherstudents(others)likephysics.theothers指必定范围内其余所有的人或物,表示特指。如:Thisdictionaryisbetterthantheothers.形容词、副词的比较级比较级的定义大部分形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高等。此中比较级表示“更”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更”。比较级前面一般用much,even,alittle修饰。2.比较级的构成(1)规则变化①单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如:calm—calmertall—tallersmart—smarter②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如:nice—nicerfine—finerlarge—larger③以辅音+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加er如:early—earlierhappy—happierbusy—busier④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加er如:big—biggerthin—thinnerhot—hotter⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如:popular—morepopularimportant—moreimportant不规则变化少量形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的:good—betterbad/ill—worsemany/much—morelittle—lessfar—farther/furtherold—older/elder比较级的用法(1)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。①表达“A和B同样”,用asas的结构。公式:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B如:Iamastallasyou.HerunsasfastasI.②表达“A不如B”用notas/soas的结构。公式:A+be动词的否认形式+as+形容词原级+as+BA+助动词的否认形式+动词+as+副词原级+as+B如:Iamnotastallasyou.Hedoesn’trunasfastasI.③表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式:A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+BA+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B如:Iamtallerthanyou.HerunsfasterthanI.对于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法①比较级前面能够加上表示“好坏程度”的词或短语,意思是“更”,“得”。常有词有much,alittle,even,alot,agreatdeal等。如:HeismuchtallerthanI.Ijumpalittlehigherthanhe.②比较级前面能够加上表示详细数目差其余结构,表示详细“大多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。如:Iamtwoyearsolderthanhe.Thisbuildingis20metershigherthanthatone.③表示“愈来愈”比较级+and+比较级(单音节词);moreandmore+原级(多音节词)如:Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Heisrunningfasterandfaster.Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.④表示“越就越”;the+比较级,the+比较级如:

Themore

,thebetterThemorecarefulyouare

,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.the+比较级ofthetwo表示两此中间较的一个如:Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrothers.运用形容词、副词比较级应该注意的问题按语法例则,than后边的人称代词应该用主格,但口语中间有时会用宾格取代主格。如:HeismorecarefulthanI(me).只有同类的事物才能比较如:Herbagisbiggerthanmine.HerbagisbiggerthanI.TheweatherofKunMingismuchbetterthanthatofShenyang.TheweatherofKunMingismuchbetterthanShenyang.加er的双音节词大多以y、ow、er、ple、ble结尾由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+more一般此刻时一般此刻时是指常常发生的动作或存在的状态,其谓语动词用原形,当主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有三单变化。一般此刻时态的句型:(1)动词为be动词时:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+其余部分否认句在be动词后边加not;一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。(2)动词为行为动词时:一般此刻时态的必定句:①主语+动词原形+其余成分②主语(第三人称单数)+动词s/es+其余成分一般此刻时态的否认句①主语+don’t+动词原形+其余成分②主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+动词原形+其余成分一般此刻时态的一般疑问句①Do+主语+动词原形+其余成分?②Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其余成分?一般此刻时态的一般疑问句特别疑问句+一般疑问句?动词第三人称单数的变化直接加s,如:look—lookssleep—sleeps在字母s,x,ch,sh,o后加es,如:watch—watchesgo—goes辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加es,如:study—studiescry—cries注意:一般此刻时态的特别疑问句—Whatdoeshedoonweekend?—HewatchesTV.all所有的whole完好的real真实的ture真的(不是假的)asforsth./doingsth.enoughmilk(n.)足够good(adj.)enoughreadcarefuly(adv.)enoughturnonturnoffturnup开高声(音量)turndown开小声fortyminutes'bybusfortyminutesbusrideMayIpeelanappleforyou?peelsth.MayIpeelyouanapple?Poursth/sthforsb./sb.sth.Therainpoureddownyesterday.昨晚滂沱大雨。Howmanyn(.pl.)不行数名词的数目Howmuch价钱Twoteaspoonsofhoney.should+v.(原)taste(系v.)+adj.(表)firstfirstofallfinallyatlastintheendmixup(all)upmixitmixthefruitupaddsth.tosth.黑人

英豪

名词复数加爱吃

es

番茄

土豆Negroes

Heroes

Tomatoes

PotatoesMixsth.upMixupsth.sth.为代词只好用mixit/themupon(the)topneedtodosth.:主动needdoingsth.needtobedone:被动is/amwasbe动词:Iamastudentwereare规则变化:ed/去y加ied/d/双写加ed实义动词不规则变化Iplaybasketball’否认句’IplayedbasketballIdidntplaybasketballhung吊着hang:过去式hanger绞死吊死卧倒laylie:过去式谎话liedtherebe:①就近原则②不出现therehavelay(产卵)→laidjourney陆地的旅游fallfellfeelfeltwinwon奖品、奖项、名次、比赛beatbeat敌手buyboughtbringbroughtothern.(pl.)anothern.(单数)anoctopustwooctopusesprize奖品奖金抢夺物;值得竞争的目标;〔口语〕极好的东西。buysb.sth.=heendof

finally

atlastattheendof

指一个时间点bytheendof

指到这个时间为止的时

间havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoydoingsth.alldaylong一成天sound(系动词)adj.名词soundlike名词性短语beborncompetition做不行数名词时表示竞争,做可数名词时表示比赛。wakeup醒来getup起来wakeupsb.叫醒某人wakesb.uphelpsb.(to)dosth.placeofinterest

名胜遗迹Iwillnever

我不会忘掉havefundoingsth.取出来putout熄灭e.g.Putoutthefire.makehistory创纪录withsth.bebusydoingsth.takeoff腾飞、脱掉allthedaythewholeday一成天allthedays所有日记happen发生:sth.happentosb.takeaclass=haveaclasson

dayoff一般过去式的时间状语都是明显表示过去的。如:

yesterday

lastnight(week/year),in+过去的年份

(如:in1998)

,ago(如:threetearsago)

justnow

等等。record/’rek?:d/n.hold/keeptherecordbreaktherecordsetthenewwordrecordrecord/ri’k?:d/v.Whatareyourecordinginyourbook?startdoingsth.=starttodosth.itsays听说too

toMybrotheristooyoungtogotoschool.sothatMybrotherissoyoungthathecan

’tgotoschool.playfor

为而战hiccuppingcreate

→creativetalentn.后天的才能gift天生的love→lovely可爱的→loving慈祥的onsth.sb.sspend(in)doingsth.withsb.Osaka[?u’sa:k?,

??usa:’ka:]

大阪takepartin=joinin

参加活动(

join

:加入某组织或集体)n.tourv.thewriterwhotourtheUnitedStates.admire敬羡v.tIadmireherstory.Iadmirehimforhisdiscovery.seesb.dosth.ausualboyanunusualgirllearnsth./todosth.stopsb.fromdoingsth.

阻挡某人做的事practicedoingsth.mostofv.原someofWewon’tgoshoppingif

itisraintomorrow.

条件或时间状语用一般此刻时seesb.doingsth.

看见某人正做某事to

后边加

v.原majorinbirthday不必定加年dateofbirth出诞辰期必定加年decide→decisionbegoingbegoingtov(.原)willv(.原)Whatadj.n.主谓belateforschoolmovetosomewheresoundliken.sound(系v.)adj(.表)Let

’sshallwe

?Letus

willyou

?whatwaswrote更糟糕的是onsth.spendindoingsth.hold→heldatthesametime同时that+定语从句berich变得富裕savethelife拯救生命savethefile保留文件savethemoney存钱whenif

时间条件状语从句用一般此刻表未来buy

sth.forsb.sb.sth.British不列颠seesb.doingsth.foreign(外国的)→foreigner(外国人)getaletterfromsb.receivealetterfromsb.收到谁的来信hearfromsb.LucywithherparentsLucyandherparents

isarestayoutlate在外面呆的晚stayuplate熬夜的晚takecareofcarecareful(adj.)carefully(adv.)hearfrom听闻hearofhearfrom-收到over=morethanMay/CouldIdosth.Iagreewithyou.agreewithsb.agreetodosth.

我赞同你的看法。leaveone

’sjob

离职communicationcommunicatewithsb.sth.openkeepsth.closeddowntown(adv.)城市市里keep:①keepfit(体型上)/keephealthy{keepadj.}keepdoingsth.③keepsb./sth.adj.(宾补)例:Keepthefoodcool.④keepsb.doingsth.让某人向来做某事sendsth.tosb.sendsb.sth.of一般用来赞誉或责备Itisadj.ofsb.once以前HaveyouevertiredFrenchdishes?菜肴hamadishofchicken/dishdothedishes盘碟putawaythedishesgivesb.aride

趁便搭一程getaride

搭便车startdoingsth.sportsstart实义动词:needtodosth.否:don't、doesn't、didn'tneed神态动词:needv(.原)否:needn'tlivingroom=sittingroomtakeoutthetrash[U]women’ssinglesplayerplanforthe

女单项选择手belike

(介)

像havebetter

(not)

dosth.

最好(不)做某事own拥有,个人的owner主人oneofadj.(最高等)n.(pl.)borrowsthfromsb.向某人接某物Lendsth.forsb./Lendsb.sth.whatfor=whyinvitesb.todosth.infrontof——behindinthefrontof——atthebackofriseThesunriseintheeast.raiseWeraiseournationalflageveryMonday.DetectiveHavegreatmeaningGreatSuchalittlegirl.Solittleagirl.suchHavesthdone.Havethecomputerrepaired.fallof=falldownfromdisappointingdisappointdisappointedonthis+weekendChemistry[‘kemistri]n.Chance[??ns]n.If++Theadj.Passv.=v.+pastnationalityadj.countryn.HowisgoingHaveahardtimewithsth./doingsth.bad—worse—worst現在時任何事態HethinkshisfatherwillgotoShanghai.過去時過去某個事態had+過去分詞:過去达成時即時轉述Bentoldmeitwasgoingtoraintoday.過後轉述Bentoldmeitwasgoingtorainthatdayhopehopetodosth.hope+從句Broccoli花椰菜Getadj.變得Hurryup抓緊時間half→halves賓語從句when時間狀語從句用一般現在表將來organize→organizationhalfofthem≠halfthemhalfoftheclass=halftheclasswith

比較compareto

比喻It

’sadj.todosth.Marks

分數MountQomolanma

珠穆朗瑪峰Everyoneexcept

(KarenandMichael

)isgoingtovisitthemuseum.

就遠原則Destroy[di’str?i]v.破壞you

are

a

excellent

skater你是一個

優秀的

滑雪者go→gonebe→beenblowup引爆Have/hasbeendoingsth.:現在达成時Ithinkheisagoodstudent

,isn’tit

前肯后否Idon

’tthinkheisagoodstudent

isit

前否后肯賓語從句主語

第一人稱第二三人稱

反義疑問句反義疑問句與從句保持疑問主句保持一致dangerousanimal

對人危險的動物animalindangerous

堕入危險的動物現在過去达成時是過去做做做到現在DeGaulle戴高樂Makealiving(by)doingsth.靠什麽謀生seemadj.seemliken.madat

生氣madabout

瘋狂Oneofadj.(

最高級

)n.(pl.)It’stimeforsth.一、看法直接引述他人的话,叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述他人的话,叫“间接英语”。间接英语在多半的状况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加括号,所引用的话前常用逗号,而不是冒号,引号内直接引语的第一个单词首字母要大些。比如:Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingthestory.”Johnsaidthathelikedreadingthestory.二、直接引语变间接英语陈说句直接引语假如是陈说句,变成间接引语时,用连词that(在口语中that可省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地址状语等要相应变化。(1)人称的变化Hesaidtome

,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.

”HetoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.

”局势的变化假如主句的谓语动词是一般此刻时,从句时态则无需变化。假如主句的谓语动词是一般过去式,从句的谓语动词要做相应的变化。直接引语转例句换成间接引语时的时态直接引语间接引语变化一般此刻时Hesaid,“I’mafraidIHesaidthathewasafraidhe一般过去时can’tfinishthework”couldn’tfinishthework.此刻进行时Hesaid,“I’musingaHesaidthathewasusinga过去进行时pen.”pen.此刻达成时Shesaid,“I’venotheartShesaidthatshehadnot过去达成时fromhimsinceMay.”heartfromhimsinceMay.一般过去时Hesaid,“IcametohelpHesaidthathehadcometo过去达成时you.”helpme.过去达成时Hesaid,“IhadfinishedmyHesaidthathehadfinished不变homeworkbeforesupper.”hishomeworkbeforesupper.一般未来时Shesaid,“I’lldoitShesaidthatshewoulddoit过去未来时afterclass.”afterclass.指示代词、时间状语、地址状语和动词的变化直接引语变换成例句间接引语的变化直接引语间接引语Shesaid,“I’llfinishShesaidthatshewouldthis→thatfinishtheworkthattheworkthismorning.”morning.these→thoseHesaid,“ThesebooksHesaidthatthosebooksaremine.”werehis.now→thenHesaid,“It’snineHesaidthatitwasnineo’clocknow.”o’clockthen.today→thatdayHesaid,“Ihaven’tHesaidthathehadn’tseenhertoday.”seenherthatday.yesterday→theShesaid,“IwentthereShesaidthatshehadgonedaybeforeyesterday.”therethedaybefore.tomorrow→theShesaid,“I’llgoShesaidthatshewouldgonext/followingtherethenext/followingtheretomorrow.day”day.ago→beforeShesaid,“HelefttenShesaidthathehadleftminutesago.”tenminutesbefore.here→thereHesaid,“MysisterwasHesaidthathissisterhadhereoneweekbefore.”e→goShesaid,“I’llcomeShesaidthatshewouldgoherethisevening.therethatevening.”直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种状况1)直接引语所述的是客观真谛2)直接引语中有切实的时间状语3)直接引语是过去达成时4)直接引语是过去进行时5)直接引语是常常发生的习惯性的动作6)直接引语所述的内容是个事实疑问句直接引语假如是疑问句,变成间接引语时,要把疑问句语序改为陈说句语序(主语在谓语的前面),句末用句号,主语的人称时态和状语等也要做相应的变化。truea.truthn.steal→stole偷一些(不行数)little小please

v.

使某人满意;请pleased

a.

对什么满意pleasant

令人满意的ChineseJapanesefishdeersheepWouldliketodosth.

:CN单复数同形Holdv.

保留;包含;涵盖IcollectedshellswhenIwasten.

一般过去时IhavecollectedshellssinceIwasten.

此刻达成时IhavebeencollectingshellssinceIwasten.

此刻达成进行时此刻达成时要用

since

加在过去时间前Candywrapper

糖纸Theatre剧院;戏,戏剧;〔会合词〕(某一国、某一作家的)戏剧作品,戏剧文学。Since加时间点for加一段时间collectv.collectorcollectionn.Send[send]送;寄(重申不妥面给);打发;派;遣;放;投;掷;射Probably[‘pr?b?bli]ad.往常地点:实意动词以前:神态、助、be动词以后,语气比perhaps[p?’h?ps][p

?’r?ps]

、maybe[‘meibi:]

强The比较级the比较级Iamcertain=Iamsure

越就越run

→ran

→runrunoutof

用尽store

v.存储,储藏;贮备;把存入库房,把交给栈房[st?:r]

n.=stoproom[ru:m][rum]【UN】场所,席位,地位,空间;余地,余裕;时机;室,房间runoutof

:主语是人

runout

:主语是物applyfor:申请;恳求(applyforapositionEveryonewantstoapplyforthejob.

求职)Heappliedtotheheadmaster([

‘hedm?

st?]

校长)forthejob.WriteinEnglish

用英语写Another前面不可以加定冠词sincefiveyearsago

theforfiveyearsinpairs

:成对Europen.European[ju:r

?’pi:?n]a.

&n.Although

、though

:退步状语从句,不与

but

连用Else[els]

往常修饰不定代词疑问代词certain[

‘s?:tn]

certainly[

‘s?:tnli]

〔口语〕〔回答语〕自然,自然能够;不错,确实是那样,确实是的ADVICE1.advice[?d’vais](E)n.忠告,建议take(give)one’sadvice接受(赐予)忠告或建议[语法]advice

是不行数名词:一条建议(忠告)

误:anadvice正:apieceofadvice2.advise[

?d’vaiz](E)v.nottodosth.

忠告,劝告,劝告;

(I)v.

通知(=inform)advisesb.

劝告某人不要做某事againstdoingsth.advisesd.ofsth.

向某人通知某事

(

搭配同类

inform[in

’f?:rm])[

辨异]“劝告”

(advise)

不必定“说服”

(persuade)adviser,advisor[

?d’vaiz?]n.

忠告者,建议者,顾问忠告advise就是令人(ad-)理解,看见(-vise)的意思,(1)vise=vis=看previse[pri

’vaiz]v.

先见,预知,警示

pre=before

看在前面即是预知supervise[

‘su:p?vaiz]v.

监察;管理

super=over

至高无上地看既是监察revise[ri:vaiz]v.

校正,改订

re=again

再看一遍加以校正ad=使,ad加在动词前,起增强语气的作用admit[?d’mit]v.(mit=send

送)

赞同进入adopt[?’d?pt]v.(opt=

选择)

采取,收养触类旁通

——

advice

advise

类易混词类比记忆□□名清动浊)鉴别规则动~se[z]——名~ce[s](choose[?u:z]——choice[??is](E)v.选择,精选(E)v.选择,选择时机(I)n.宁愿(+todo)(A)n.当选者,精髓devise[di’vaiz]——device[di’vais](I)v.设计(机器),想出(方法),作出(计划)(A)n.设施,装置(A)n.设计,方法bythe

way

趁便提一下onone’sway

前去某地的路inone

’sway

挡住了某人的路noway

不inthis/that

way

经过这样、那样的方式insome

way

在某些方面organize[‘?:rg?naiz]anized[‘?:rg?naizd]anization[?:rg?ni’zei∫n]n.keepsilence保持缄默province[‘pr?vins]省,州;〔pl.〕地域,地方;〔theprovinces〕乡间be+过去分词:被动语态manyyearsagoIt[it]isa.for[f?:r][f?]sb.todosth.Thanksto多亏recently[‘ri:snt]新近的;近来的;近代的AGRICULTURE1.agriculture[‘?grik?l??](E)n.农业“农业”离不开“耕田、种地”,agriculture原意即为“耕作天地”(1)agriculture→agr(田地)agronomy[?’gr?n?mi][nomy(法例,学)]n.农学[联想]astronomyn.天文学;economyn.经济acre[

‘eik

?](A)n.

英亩,田地

(acre

agr

的变体,

[k]

与[g]

清浊辅音交替

)acreage[

‘eik

?rid?][‘eikrid

?]n.

项目数,土地面积(2)agriculture

→cult(ure)(

耕作)cultivate[

‘k?lt?veit](I)v.

耕作,种植,养殖→

(A)v.(

喻)修养,教化one’sland耕作田地cultivateroses培育玫瑰one’s修心养性culture[‘k?l??]n.种植,养殖→(I)n.(喻)修养,涵养(I)n.文化,精神文明thecultureofroses玫瑰种植mindandbody身心涵养[辨异]civilization[sivli’zei∫n]主要指物质文明;culture主要指精神文明。wonder[‘w?nd?]诧异,惊诧,惊讶;不行思议,奇怪,巧妙;奇怪的事情[东西],奇迹;奇景;奇才ALLY1.ally[?’lai][‘?lai](E)v.缔盟,缔盟,联合[派生]allyn.(同)盟国,联盟者(详细名词)alliancen.联盟,缔盟(抽象名词)theAllies(一战)协约国,(二战)联盟国2.alloy[‘?l?i][ally(联合)的同源异体词]n.合金3.rally[‘r?li][r(e-)(再度,从头)+ally(联合)](A)v.纠正,会合,团结(A)n.会合,集合,大会amassrally民众大会知rally渊源可易记:rally包含着“从头联合到一同

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