英语四级语法 虚拟语气

英语四级语法虚拟语气英语四级语法虚拟语气英语四级语法虚拟语气英语四级语法虚拟语气编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:虚拟语气一．一般虚拟条件句(1)与现在事实相反——IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tworry.——IfIhadthebookathand,Iwouldreadthepassagetoyou.那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：从句：If+主语＋动词过去式(be变were)+…主句：主语＋would(should,could,might)+动词原形＋…(2)与过去事实相反——Ifyouhadgonetolastnight’sgames,youwouldhavemethim.——Ifthepolicemanhadarrivedearlier,hewouldhaveseentheaccident.那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…主句：主语＋should(或would,could,might)+现在完成时…(3)与将来事实相反——Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldgivehimthedictionaryheneeds.——IfMr.Liweretodotheexperimenttomorrow,hemightreadtheinstructionscarefully.那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：从句：If+主语＋should(或wereto)+动词原形＋…主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。练习：Ifthisreportweremoreaccurate,it__________aninvaluabledocument. been be be(D)I_______introubleifthepolicehadstoppedme. havebeen be been(B)Whatwouldyoudoifwar_________out. break brokenout D.weretobreak(D)二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were,had,should，可省去if,将were,had,should提到主语前，形成倒装。例如：——Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,hewouldtellyou.——Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuch.练习：1.____beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive(D)2.Hadheworkedharder,he____theexams.A)musthavegotthroughB)wouldhavegotthroughC)wouldgetthroughD)couldgetthrough(B)3._________enteruniversityoneday,Iwouldworkveryhard.A)WouldIeverB)EverwouldIC)ShouldIeverD)EvershouldI(C)三.由asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去时表示对现在虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。例如：——Sammylooksasthoughhenevergotasquaremeal,butinfacthisparentsfeedhimverywell.(用过去式表与现在事实相反)——Heappearedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.(用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实)——Theoldwomanheldhimasifshewouldneverlethimgoagain.(用would+原形动词表与将来事实相反)练习：1．TheAmericanyoungmanspeaksChinesefluentlyasifhe________aChinese.A)isB)wereC)hasbeenD)hadbeen(B)2．Thegardenlookedasifit________yesterday.A)wasn’twateredB)didn’twaterC)hasn’twateredD)hadn’tbeenwatered(D)四．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气——Iwishhewereherenow.——Shewishesshewouldalwaysremainyoung.——IwishyouhadnothurtJimsomuch.Heisstillverydepressed.练习：1.IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A)hadsleptB)sleptC)mighthavesleptD)haveslept(A)2．Theyneverhaveenoughresourcesandtheywishthey_______more.A)haveB)hadC)willhaveD)havehad(B)五．在表示建议、命令、要求等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+原形动词”表示虚拟语气，或省略should表示“要求”的：request,demand,require表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：propose,suggest,advise表示“决定、命令”的：order,command表示“坚持”的insist例如：——Weinsistedthathe(should)bepresentattheceremony.——Thedirectorsuggestedthatshe(should)studymoreEnglishbeforegoingabroad.练习：1．MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe________gothere.A)nottoB)won’tC)doesnotD)not(D)2．Mike’suncleinsists____inthishotel.A)stayingnotB)thathewouldnotstayC)nottostayD)thathenotstay(D)3．Thejobwouldrequirethat______at7o’clockeverymorning.A)hewillbeatthefactoryB)hebeatthefactoryC)hewasatthefactoryD)hehasbeenatthefactory(B)六．上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气requirement,advice,order,suggestion,proposal,command其后的从句,也用“should+原形动词”表示虚拟语气，或省去should。例如：Themanager’ssuggestionisthatthesecretary(should)learnshorthand.练习:1.Thesuggestionthatthemayor____theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A)wouldpresentB)oughttopresentC)presentD)presents(C)2．Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial_______toitsburningtemperature.A)heatedB)beheatedC)tobeheatedD)beingheated(B)七、在“Itis(was)+形容词(或过去分词)＋that...(主语从句)”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词”表虚拟语气。或省略should常用的形容词和过去分词有：表“要求”的：required,demanded,requested,desired表“建议”的：suggested表“迫切、紧迫、重要”的有：necessary,essential,important表“命令”的:ordered例如：——ItisnecessarythatFrankdoawaywithhisbadhabit.——Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.练习：1．Theykepttellingusthatitwasvitalthatwe________thereontime.A)mustbeB)wereC)beD)wouldbe(C)2．Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker_______hisworkontime.A)accomplishB)accomplishesC)canaccomplishD)hasaccomplished(A)八、在“Itis(high/about)time+that引导的从句的谓语用一般过去时例如：Itishigh(about,already)timethatwewenttobed练习：It’shightimesomebody________histongue.A)holdB)holdsC)heldD)shouldhold(C)练习（虚拟语气部分）IfI________itwasgoingtocostsomuch,Iwouldn’thaveboughtit.A.hadknown B.knew C.weretoknow D.shouldhaveknownWecannotimaginewhatourworld________likewithoutelectricpower.A.is B.willbe C.wouldbe D.hasbeenMyfilesareallovertheplace.IwishI_________aboxthatI_______themin.A.have,cankeep B.havehad,canhave