03-10年考研英语答案

2003年考研英语一答案SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)21.[A]22.[B]23.[C]24.[D]25.[C]26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[A]30.[D]31.[A]32.[D]33.[B]34.[D]35.[C]36.[D]37.[B]38.[A]39.[C]40.[A]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)PartA(40points)41.[B]42.[A]43.[C]44.[D]45.[B]46.[A]47.[B]48.[B]49.[A]50.[D]51.[C]52.[D]53.[C]54.[B]55.[A]56.[C]57.[A]58.[B]59.[D]60.[C]PartB(10points)61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。63.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。65.因此，人类学中文化概念就像数学中集的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。SectionIV:Writing(20points)66.参考范文Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents‟lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.12004年考研英语一答案SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)21.[C]22.[D]23.[A]24.[D]25.[A]26.[B]27.[C]28.[D]29.[A]30.[B]31.[A]32.[C]33.[D]34.[B]35.[A]36.[B]37.[B]38.[D]39.[A]40.[C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)PartA(40points)41.[C]42.[A]43.[D]44.[B]45.[C]46.[A]47.[D]48.[C]49.[B]50.[D]51.[D]52.[A]53.[B]54.[A]55.[C]56.[C]57.[A]58.[D]59.[B]60.[C]PartB(10points)61.希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。62.我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此之后,这些土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。63.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。64.Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。65.Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。SectionIV:Writing(20points)66.参考范文Lookatthispicture.Amanisrunningtowardtheendofarace,sweatingallover.Perhapsthereisnothingspecialaboutthemanandtherace,yettheendlineleavesadeepimpressiononusforitisboth“finishline”and“startingline”ifwelookatitfromadifferentangle.Thepicturetellsusalotaboutlife.Anordinaryrunnermaythinkthathisachievementcallsforcelebrationforhehasreachedhisgoal.Butanambitiousrunnerwillwellrealizethathissuccessisthestartingpointforanewrace.Obviously,thewaywelookatthingsdetermineshowfarwewillgo.Ifwefeelsatisfiedwiththeabilitytoreadandwrite,perhapswewillnotstrivetogetacollegeeducation.Again,ifwethinkaBachelor'sdegreeisquiteenough,wewillnottakepainstopasstheexaminationforpostgraduate.Lifeisjustlikeanendlessrace.Ifwedon‟tpreparefornewraces,weareeitherdisqualifiedfromtheraceorsurpassedbyothers.That‟swhythefinishlineisalsoastartingline.Ilikethispicture.Imayhavebeenrunningthisendlessrace,butIhavebeenpushedforwardbymyparentsorpeoplearoundme.Fromnowon,Iwillbecomemoreactiveandtaketheinitiative,forthepicturehasreallyenlightenedme.(233words)22005年考研英语一答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]6.[A]7.[D]8.[A]9.[D]10.[B]11.[C]12.[A]13.[D]14.[C]15.[D]16.[B]17.[C]18.[D]19.[A]20.[B]SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)21.[C]22.[B]23.[A]24.[C]25.[B]26.[C]27.[D]28.[A]29.[D]30.[B]31.[A]32.[C]33.[D]34.[D]35.[A]36.[B]37.[D]38.[A]39.[B]40.[C]PartB(10points)41.[E]42.[C]43.[G]44.[F]45.[B]PartC(10points)46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。47.密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。48.字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于。49.创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的欧洲统一体绝非易事，需要战略性选择。正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。50.在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。”SectionIII:Writing(30points)PartA(10points)51.参考范文ALetter,toQuitJun22,2005DearMr.Wang,Firstofall,pleaseallowmetoexpressmydeepsorrytoyouformyresignation.IdoknowthatthiswillbringaboutmuchtroubletoyousothatIwritetoyouformyexplanation.Idecidedtoquitforsomereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thejobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashionsisnotsuitabletome.What‟smore,IampreparingforanotherdegreeandIprefertofurthermyAgain,Iapologizeformyresignationtoyou!IamlookingforwardtoyourearlySincerelyyours,LiMingPartB(20points)52.参考范文AHelplessFather3Thepictureironicallyshowsthatapitiableoldmaninragsisbeinghelplesslykickedoffbyhisthreesonsandadaughter,whoallweardecentclothes.Thefather‟snegligentchildrenareallguardingtheirhomegateslesttheiroldfather“rollinto”theirhouseholds.Inotherwords,theyfourignoretheirmoralsenseofassumingtheresponsibilityfortheiroldfathereventhoughtheymaybealllivingasatisfyinglife.Thatisapainfulsceneweoftenencounterinourdailylife.SadtothemoraldeclineoftheyoungergenerationsmaybearatherexplosivesituationinourmodernPeopledefinitelyhavetheirlivingconditionsimprovedbywiderandwidermargins,asevidencedbythefourchildren‟sdecentdressing,buttheirmoralsensestillremainssadlyunchangedorinsomecasesbecomesdramaticallydowngrading.Mostpeoplemighthavebecometoomuchself-centered,andevenworse,theydiscardthetraditionofgivingrespecttotheTheynolongercarefortheirelders,letalonetheirneighborsorthedisadvantaged;insteadtheytryeverymeanstoavoidresponsibilityforothercitizens.Whenonecaresforothers,onemightevenappearstupidormayevenbedistrusted.Therefore,wehavetotakesomeusefulmeasurestoavoidthescenethatismentionedabove.Wemustlaunchavarietyofcampaignsaboutthereturntothegoodtraditionofgivinghelpandlovetotheelderly.Moreover,wemustappealtoourgovernmenttoestablishsomerelevantlawstopunishthosewhoavoidtheirduties.Thelastbutnottheleast,ourrespectforageisanindicationoftheprogressofhumanasimperativesoftraditionsrequire.Wesincerelywishthattheoldmancouldbewelcometoanyofthefourhouseholds,elegantlydressed,andasmileontheface.2006年考研英语一答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)1.[A]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[D]6.[C]7.[B]8.[C]9.[A]10.[A]11.[C]12.[B]13.[D]14.[C]15.[C].[A]17.[B]18.[C]19.[A]20.[D]SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)21.[C]22.[A]23.[C]24.[D]25.[B]26.[A]27.[B]28.[C]29.[D]30.[D]31.[C]32.[A]33.[C]34.[D]35.[B]36.[D]37.[B]38.[D]39.[B]40.[A]PartB(10points)41.[C]42.[A]43.[B]44.[F]45.[D]PartC(10points)46责任和快乐的人。47己做出决定的推理过程。48解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。49商人专注于探索行业规范一样。504有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。SectionIII:Writing(30points)PartA(10points)51.参考范文DearSirorMadam,Asacollegestudentwhoisstudyingandlivinginagoodenvironment,IwishtocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialassistancetoachildinaremotearea.Havingconceivedsuchaplanforalongtime,Iwritethislettertorequestyourhelptorecommendapropercandidate.Iwonderifitisconvenientforyouifthreethingsconcerningthechildaretakenintoconsideration.First,thechildshouldcomefromGansuProvince,forIintendtohelpachildfrommyhometown.Second,itwillbebetterifthechildisaprimaryschoolstudent.IhopeIwillhelphim/herfromtheverybeginning.Inaddition,he/shemustbewillingtoreturntohishometowntohelpbuiltitaftergraduationfromMyplanwillbecarriedoutasfollows.Ononehand,Iwillremitatleast2,000Yuanincasheveryyearuntilhe/shefinisheshis/hereducationbeforeenteringcollege.Ontheotherhand,IdecidetoteachthechildmathandEnglishinpersonduringmysummervacation,mpthelpwouldbehighlyappreciated.AndIamlookingforwardtoyourreplyverysoon.LiMingPartB(20points)52.参考范文Howironicthetwopicturesareindescribingoneofthemostwidespreadsocialphenomenaconcerningidoladoration!Inthefirstpicture,ayoungmanwritesthenameofBeckhamonhisface.Inthesecondpicture,anotheryoungmanspends300YuanindealingwithhishairtomakehimselflooklikeBeckham.ThemeaningconveyedinthetwopicturesrevealsthatincurrentChinasomeyoungpeoplearelosingthemselves.IamgreatlyshockedbytheenthusiasmforthisBritishfootballsuperstarshownbythesetwoyoungmen.Franklyspeaking,thingsofthiskindreallyhappenamongus.Somepeople,especiallycollegestudents,donothingbutconcentrateonimitatingsuperstars.Thisdoesgreatharmtotheirstudyandgrowth.Ifwecan‟tstoptheworseningofthisourownculturewillbedamaged,andweourselveswillbetheultimatevictims.Frommypointofview,alotofmeasuresshouldbetakentosaveourlosingcultureandre-findourselves.Infact,somemeasureshavealreadybeentaken.Inmycampaignshavebeenlaunchedtoeducatepeopletopaymoreattentiontoourtraditionalcultureandreadmorebooksinsteadoffocusingonourappearances.Asaresult,wehavewitnessedsomeimprovementsbutstillthereisalongwaytogo.52007年考研英语一答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C6.D7.B8.A9.B10.C11.A12.D13.A14.C15.B16.D17.C18.A19.B20.DSectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.C35.B36.D37.A38.B39.A40.DPartB(10points)41.F42.D43.B44.C45.EPartC(10points)46.长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。47.另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻的做法是相同的。48.媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。49.以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。50.重要性的理解自行做出判断。SectionIII:Writing(30points)PartA(10points)51.参考范文January20th,2007DearSirorMadam,I‟mastudentintheuniversityandaloyalreaderofthisI‟mwritingtotellsomeofmyideas,whichIhopetobehelpfulforyou.Inoticethatmanymagazinesinourlibraryareoutofdate.Itwouldbebeneficialtousstudentsiftheycouldbeupdatedintime.AndIsuggestintroducingsomenewjournalssoastobringnewfreshairtothelibrary.Furthermore,sincewehaveahugenumberofbooks,itisnoteasytofindtherightoneeasily.However,ifwecanintroducesomenewsearchingmeans,suchasimplementingnewinformationmanagementsystemthatwouldbeuseful.ThankyoufortakingtimereadingthisletterandI‟mlookingforwardtoseeingsomenewchangessoon.SincerelyLiMingPartB(20points)52.参考范文Ascanbeseenfromthecartoon,differentideasmaycomefromthesamething.Inthepicture,whiletryingtocatchtheupcomingsoccer,thegoal-keepersaystohimselfwhyitissobig.And,thestrikersimplythinksinadifferentthatiswhyitissosmall?6Whatmakessuchabigcontraryonthesametournamentatthesamemoment?Itisnodoubtthattheyarefacingtheverysamegoalandexperiencingtheverysamemoment.However,thesubjectiveviewsresultindifferentimpressiononthesameobject.Manyofusmaystillrememberthestoryofaponycrossingtheriver,whichwelearnedfromthetextbookinprimaryschool.Thesquirreltellshim,theriverisdeep;andthecowtellshim,theriverisnotdeepatall.However,intheend,hetellshimselfathirdanswer.Therefore,itisnotexaggeratingtosaythatmostofusarelookingintotheworldwithpersonalideas.Subjectivementalstatusmayresultinareallybigdifferenceinpersonalviews,justlikethegoal-keeperandthestrikerinthedrawing.Apossiblesolutionmightbetofaceanysituationasobjectivelyaspossible.Ifwerealizethisinanobjectiveitwouldbegoodforustodealwithwhatweencounterinlife,especiallywhenweareinsetbacksorfacingdifficulties.2008年考研英语一答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.B12.D13.A14.C15.D16.D17.C18.A19.B20.ASectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)21.A22.D23.C24.B25.D26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.C39.A40.BPartB(10points)41.D42.G43.A44.C45.EPartC(10points)46.他相信正是这个困难具有一个补偿性优点：迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句，因此促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误。47.他还宣称，他理解长而纯抽象的思路的能力非常有限，为此，他感到自己绝不会在数学方面获得成功。48.另一方面，他不并认为他的某些批评者的这项指责非常合理：尽管他是一位优秀的观察家，他没有推理的能力。49.他还谦虚地补充道，在觉察不易被注意的事物，以及仔细观察他们方面，他要强于一般人。50.达尔文深信这些爱好的失去，不仅失去了幸福，而且可能对智力有害，还更有可能伤及品德。SectionIII:Writing(30points)PartA(10points)PartB(20points)51.参考范文（略）52.参考范文72009年考研英语一答案SectionIUseofEnglish1—5BADBC—10ADCBD—15DBCDA—20CBAACSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21—25ABCAA26—30ACDAB31—35DBBAC36—40BBDACPartB41—45CEABGPartC46.可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。47.一种制度的副产品，只是逐步被注意到的，而这种效果被视为实施这种制度的一个指导性因素更加缓慢得多。48.在和他们接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行动对他们的倾向的影响，但是也不像与成年人打交道那么简单。49.是否在形成获得这种能力的力量。50.规的教育，即直接的教导或学校教育。SectionⅢWritingPartA51.应用文参考范文Deareditor，Iamwritingthislettertoadviseyouofthepressingsituationwearefacingnow.Asweknow,beingaccustomedtousingplasticbaginourdailylife,someofusstilltakethe“whitepollution”forgranted.Plasticbaghasbecometheindispensiblepartofourlife,andthe“whitepollution”nowisaubiquitousphenomenon,whichgreatlyworsensourenvironment.Tosavethesituationfromfurtheraggravating,Iwouldliketosuggestthat:ourgovernmentshouldmakeasetoflawstopunishthegroupsandindividualswhoarestillpollutingtheenvironment;secondly,newtechnologiesshouldbeusedtoproducedegradableandrenewablematerials;thelocalmediacanmakefulluseofitsowninfluencetointensifythepublicityinordertoenhancepeople‟sawarenessofenvironment.Ihopethatmysuggestionsarehelpful,thankyouforyourattention!Sincerely，LiMingPartB52.短文写作参考范文Inthedrawing,whatfirstappearsinfrontofusisahugespiderweb,onwhichinnumerablepeopleareattached,likethecatchoftheowneroftheweb.Whatismoreironicistheyareimprisonedinrespectivecabins,choosingcontactingonlineratherthancommunicatingfacetoface.ThereisnodoubtthattheInternetprovidesuswithconsiderableconvenience.8However,itdrivestoomanyindividualstobeaddictedtothefictionalexperience,andhenceforgetthetraditionalandmostefficientcommunicationmethod.Indifferencehasbecomeanotuncommonphenomenoninthemodernworld.Thefollowingreasonsmaybecontributetothephenomenon.Tobeginwith,peopleinmountingnumbers,whoarevividlycallednetters,indulgeinon-lineactivities,becausescienceandtechnologydevelopstoofastforpeopletoadapttoit.TheInternet,inparticular,movingforwardwithanunimaginablespeed,providespeoplewithaconvenienttoolofgettingintouchwithothers,whichlacksweighingitscorrectness.Moreover,thefiercecompetitionalsoplaysaroleofforcingpeopletofearthesituation,whichresultsinpeople‟shabitofwallowingintheunrealworld.Hence,itisthehightimethatwehighlightedtheimperativeofface-to-facecommunicationbetweenpeople.Thejointeffortsofthespecialists,thenettersandtheeducatorsareneededtocultivatethewholesocietywiththeessentiality.Onlyinthiswaycanweexpectahealthydevelopmentoftherelationshipamongindividuals.2010年考研英语一答案SectionIUseofEnglish1．A．B．C4．B．C6．B．D．A．C10．D11．C12．A13．A．D．B．A17．D．C19．B．DSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21.B22.A23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.C29.B30.D31.B32.D33.A34.C35.C36.A37.A38.C39.C40.DPartB41.B42.F43.D44.G45.APartCTranslation46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或没有价值的物种。49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。2011年考研英语一答案SectionIUseofEnglish1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.B12.C13.D14.C15.B16.D17.A18.D19.A20.CSectionIIReadingComprehension9PartA21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.C31.D32.C33.B34.A35.A36.C37.D38.A39.D40.BPartB41.B42.D43.A44.C45.F翻译：46——因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。47为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。48越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。49就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。50对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。小作文范文：Dearfriends,I„mwritingtoyoutorecommendmyfavoritemovie'Avatar'.Itisaveryhotmoviethisyear.Forstarters，it'sagreatstoryandhasafantasticplot.Thisfilmcaptivatedmefrombeginningtoend.Thefast-paced，excitingstorylinekeptmeontheedgeofmyseatallthewaythrough.What's，thespecialeffectsarebreathtaking.Thedirectingisabsolutelyneat.Andlastbutnotleastit'saneducationalmovie.Itteachesusaboutdisciplineloyaltyandlove.Iamsureyouwillenjoythemovie.大作文范文：Whatanimpressivepictureitis！Twoyoungmensittingontheboatarethrowingrubbishintothe，withallkindsofgarbagefloatingonthesurface.Whatisconveyedinthepictureisbothrealisticandthought-provoking.wecandeducefromthepicturethatwiththerapiddevelopmentof，tourismasaformofenterprisebringsChinaalotofbenefits，buttheenvironmentisbeingpollutedtremendously.Inpublicplacespeoplehavenoawarenessthattheyaredoingsomethingdamagingtheenvironment，theonlyenvironmentwehave.TheycauseinconvenienceanddiscomforttootherandalsodegradeChina'simageasanation.Whatcanwedo？FirstIthinkthatgovernmentshouldissuesevereregulations，punishinganybehaviorthatdamagestheenvironment.Second，theenvironmentprotectionawarenessofthepublicshouldbeenforced.Peopleshouldknowhowcloselythecleanenvironmentisrelatedtotheirpersonallives.Let'shopewewillhaveacleanerandmorebeautifulworldinthenearfuture.102012年考研英语一答案完形填空1.B.2.A.3.B.4.D.5.C.6.B.7.D.8.B.9.A.10.B.11.A.12.C.13.C.14.D.15.A.16.C.17.A.18.C.19.D.20.D.阅读理解Text121.D26.C31.A36.C22.B27.A32.A37.D23.A28.A33.B38.B24.C29.B34.D39.C25.30.BText2Text3Text4PartB35.D40.A41.C翻译42.D43.A44.F45.G46.在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种万物归一的冲动推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。47.在这一点上，达尔文学说似乎给人们提供了准则，如果所有人种同宗同源，那么文化多样性也能追溯到更为单一的源头的假定也就不无道理了。48.将偶发的和独特的从这些共性中筛除掉能够让我们了解文化行为的复杂起源以及是什么在发展中或认知过程中指导我们。49.第二，乔舒亚·格林贝格采用了一个更加经验主义的方法来解释普遍性;他认为许多语言都共有特性，(尤其是在语序上);这些特性被认为代表了由认知限制所带来的偏见;50.乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言改变的模式，该模式是独立于家谱也独立于贯穿家谱的路径，而格林伯根的统一性理论则预言了不同种语序关系之间的强烈的相互依存性。写作小作文Dearfriends,Onbehalfoft