井下安全阀简介

1、20/04/2006Tubing Retrievable Sub-Surface Safety Valves油管携带可回收式井下安全阀Gary StephensonSSSV Global Technical Advisor(井下安全阀全球技术顾问井下安全阀全球技术顾问)2Agenda提纲 SSSV Quick Review井下安全阀简要回顾 Design Philosophy设计原理 Reliability可靠性 Tubing Retrievable Safety Valves油管携带可回收式井下安全阀 General Applications应用于通常环境 HPHT Applications

2、应用于高温高压 Deepwater/XHP Applications应用于深海/超高压环境 Recent and Current Developments当前项目研究 Questions问题3Quick Review- What is a Subsurface Safety Valve?回顾回顾-什么是井下安全阀什么是井下安全阀POW!Subsurface Safety Valve A Subsurface Safety Valve is a device which automatically shuts in the well in case of a major malfunction

3、of the surface equipment, preventing the uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbons to the surface.井下安全阀是一种在井口出现重大故障时，自动关井的装置。防止井喷。4Why do we install them? 安装目的安装目的To prevent infrastructure and production loss.保护设备，防止生产受损失。To prevent environmental contamination due to uncontrolled hydrocarbon flow.保护环境，防止由于油

4、气喷出造成的污染。Law requirements. Many countries laws require the installation of SSSV Offshore.法律要求。许多国家要求安装井下安全阀，尤其海上完井。To protect lives! 保护生命5What types of SSSVs are available from Halliburton?哈里伯顿公司可提供什么样的井下安全阀？哈里伯顿公司可提供什么样的井下安全阀？Subsurface Safety Valves井下安全阀井下安全阀Surface Controlled (Control Line)地面控制（控

5、制管线）Direct Controlled (No Control Line)井下控制（无控制管线）Wireline Retrievable钢丝可回收式 WRSVTubing Retrievable 油管可回收式 TRSVWell StarNE Safety ValveSP Safety ValveDepth StarStorm Choke Valves阻流阀FXE Safety Valve Operated by Flow Velocity 由流体速率控制 Operated by Ambient Pressure由压力控制 SSSV Landing Nipple needed需要安装井下安全

6、阀坐落接头Big Bore Safety Valve（大通径安全阀）6Halliburton SSSV Philosophy Halliburton SSSV 设计理念 Reliability is the Top Consideration 可靠性为第一考虑因素 Design设计 Verification确认 Performance性能 Protection保护7Reliability Design可靠性-设计 Unique Features特点： Only Offered by HalliburtonIn All of Its TRSVs只有哈里伯顿油管可回收安全阀才能全部具备的 Veri

7、fied 100% Metal-to-Metal Flapper Sealing经过反复经验， 100% 金属对金属阀板和阀座的密封 100% Metal-to-Metal Well Containment in the Closed Position在关闭情况下100%金属对金属的密封关井 Enhanced Debris Isolation 增强了对碎屑的隔离(Positive Debris Barrier at Both Ends of Flow Tube in Full Open Position完全开启时，流管两端都有碎屑隔离屏障)8Reliability Verification确认

8、 Rogaland testing is the Halliburton standard for TRSCSSV validation testing，Rogaland测试是哈里伯顿标准安全阀测试 60 differential openings at max control line pressure在控制管线最大压力下，60次差式开启 120 slam closures in sand slurry vs. 7 for API 14A120次在沙浆中紧急关闭，而API（美国石油工程协会）14A标准只要求7次 API 14A Validation and Monogramming API

9、14A 检测合格，注有API会标 Every size of HST Body Joint thread is validated to the full performance envelope rating每种尺寸的HST本体接扣都是经过严格测验来证明符合设计工作性能和要求。 All four combinations of Burst, Collapse, Tension, Compression包括全部四种测试抗内挤，抗外挤，抗拉， 抗压9API Test Facility for Sub Surface Safety ValvesAPI 测试设备测试设备Purpose目的: Pre-

10、qualify SSSVs to API 14A & Rogaland Test Requirements预先具备API14A和Rogaland 测试所需标准Flow testing with clean water or sand slurry用清水或泥浆做流压测试Test pressures to 15,000 psi测试压力达到15000psiCapable of flow testing with water at temperatures from ambient to 195F压力测试时温度从环境温度到华氏195可调Up to 30,000 psi below grade

11、gas test cell高达30，000psi的气体测试装置Remotely actuated pneumatic controls远程气压控制4 test stands达到四种测试标准10Deep Well Simulator深井模拟装置Simulates High Temperature & Pressure Environments模拟高温高压环境23.75” Max ID x 60 ft. Deep; 23.75寸最大内径*60英尺深度30,000 psi Max Pressure最大压力30000psiHeated Air System to 1000F (537C)气体加

12、热系统高达1000FTest Long Assemblies, SSSVs, and Expandable products测试较长总成,如井下安全阀和可膨胀设备Snubbing Jack Tension/Compression抗拉,抗压测试装置11Reliability Protection可靠性-保护 SSSV Reliability Protection Centers可靠性保护中心 Houma, Louisiana Montrose, Scotland SSSV Repair 井下安全阀修理中心(API 14A Licensed认证) Houma, Louisiana Montrose

13、, Scotland苏格兰 Singapore新加破 Carrollton, Texas12Control Line Port控制管线接口Piston活塞Flow Tube流管Flapper阀板What is a Control Line?A control line (microtubing) extends from the valve to the surface. It transmits hydraulic pressure to operate the valve.控制管线由阀体接到地面，它通过传递液压来控制阀门。Safety Valve安全阀Control Line Protec

14、tors保护器Control Line控制管线How do our SSSVs work?井下安全阀如何工作井下安全阀如何工作13How do our SSSVs work?井下安全阀如何工作井下安全阀如何工作Subsurface Safety ValveHydraulic Control LinePFormation PressureCLOSEDOPENPressureValve is closed阀门关闭 Formation (Tubing) Pressure is contained by the SSSV Flapper由挡板承载地层压力Apply Hydraulic Pressure

15、 to the Control Line 液压控制管线 Acts on the piston作用在活塞 Moves the SSSV towards the open position.开启开启安全阀安全阀Hyd. Press. Form. Press. + Op. Press.液压液压地层压力地层压力+开启压力开启压力Hydraulic Pressure（液压）（液压）Pressure is maintained in the Control Line 控制管线保持压力 Valve is open. Flow is established to surface.阀门开启，油气流向地面If p

16、ressure is bled off如果泄压 Valve goes to its “fail safe” closed position.阀门关闭，进入安全保护状态Fail Safe Condition 安全保护状态14Safety Valve Applications/Considerations井下安全阀应用场合和考虑因素 Well Construction打井类型 Land, Platform, TLP or Spar (dry tree)陆地井，生产平台，海洋完井 Subsea (wet tree)深海完井 Well Type井的类型 General Production通常的生产井

17、 Injection (water and/or gas)注水或注气井 HPHT高温高压 Well Conditions井的情况 CO2, H2S Content 二氧化碳，硫化氢存在及含量15Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve Products油管携带可回收式井下安全阀产品 General Production Applications通常生产环境下应用 WellStar NE HP/HT, Large Bore and Critical Applications高温高压, 大通径和临界条件 下的运用 SP Deepwater/XHPHT Applications

18、深海/超高温高压 DepthStar16Reliability Performance性能 SP 4000+ valves supplied已超过4000安全阀应用到世界各地 15,600+ valve years of service超过15,600次以上的服务每年每阀 99.3% Reliability at 20 years service life20年99.3%可靠性 WellStar 10,000+ valves supplied已超过10,000+安全阀应用到世界各地 40,500+ valve years of service超过40,500次以上的服务每年每阀 97.8% R

19、eliability at 20 years service lifel20年97.8%可靠性 NE 700+ valves supplied since introduction in mid-2003已超过700+安全阀应用到世界各地 5300+ valve years of service超过5300次以上的服务每年每阀17Applications应用场合: 1000 Ft Max Setting Depth 1000英尺最大下入深度 2 3/8”, 2 7/8”, 3 ” & 4 ” Tubing Sizes相连油管扣型为2 3/8”, 2 7/8”, 3 ” & 4

20、” 5000 psi 工作压力35Mpa Oil & Gas油气井 Limited H2S & CO2不含，或少量的CO2&H2SWell Construction: Platform or Land陆地井或海洋生产平台Well Types: Production and Injection生产或注入井Special Applications: Cementing, Fracturing特殊应用场合：过安全阀固井，压裂等作业General Production - WellStar TRSV通常生产环境的应用- WellStar TRSV18Unique Flow Tu

21、be Isolation独特的流管隔离设计100% MTM Well Containment100%金属对金属密封No Leak Paths in Communication System通路中无泄露途径General Production - WellStar TRSV通常生产环境的应用19General Production - NE TRSV通常生产环境的应用Applications应用场合: Non-Elastomer不含弹性密封件 2 3/8”, 2 7/8”, 3 ” or 4 ” Tubing Size 2 3/8”, 2 7/8”, 3 ” or 4 ” 油管扣型 5000 p

22、si to 10,000 psi WP； 35Mpa-70Mpa工作压力 1500 - 2000 Ft Max Setting Depth； 1500 - 2000 Ft 最大下入深度 Oil & Gas油气井 Higher CO2 & H2S Content较高含量的CO2&H2SWell Construction: Platform, Land陆地或海洋生产平台Well Types: Production and Injection生产或注入井Special Applications: Cementing, Fracturing特殊应用场合：过安全阀固井，压裂等作业

23、Slimline OD: 4 ” Tbg Inside 7” Casing小外径型号：4 ”下入到7”套管里20Enhanced Debris Isolation and Protection增强型碎屑隔离和保护增强型碎屑隔离和保护Open PositionClosed Position关闭位置Flapper Isolated From Wellbore by MTM Seating of Flow Tube阀板通过和流管金属对金属的密封实现与井眼的隔离Inverted Flow Tube Prevents Debris From Accumulating On Its Upper End 反

24、向的流管防止碎屑在上端堆积General Production - NE TRSV通常生产环境的应用21 Uses the SP TRSV Field Proven Actuator应用了经过现场证实的SP 井下安全阀的活塞系统 Single Rod Piston单个液压活塞 Non-Elastomer Seals无弹性密封 Solid Top Sub Construction Provides for Highest Hydraulic Control Chamber Rating in the Industry整体的上部短节提供工业上最高的液压控制压腔压力级别General Product

25、ion - NE TRSV通常生产环境的应用22WellStar and NE TRSV Specifications WellStar and NE TRSV 参数23HP/HT, Large Bore高温高压,大通径 - SP TRSVApplications应用场合: 5 ” and Larger Tubing Sizes 等于大于5 ” 油管尺寸 Non-Elastomer, MTM Static Piston Seals不含弹性橡胶件, 活塞静止时形成全金属的密封 Up to 20,000 psi WP Depending on Size某些型号工作压力达到140Mpa, 甚至超过

26、Max Setting Depths to Approx. 9000 ft最大下入深度9000ft Up To 400 F Temperature Rating温度工作范围高达400F Critical/Severe Service极限/恶劣工作环境中Well Construction: Platform, Land, TLP, Spar, and Subsea (Extended Life)陆地井, 海洋生产平台, 深海完井Well Types: Production, Injection, HPHTPEAK Systems小外径系统 7” Tbg in 9 5/8” Csg下入在9 5/8

27、”套管里面的7” 安全阀 9 5/8” Tbg in 13 3/8” Csg下入在13 3/8套管里面的安全阀24HP/HT, Large Bore高温高压,大通径 - SP TRSV Ultimate Design Solution for Reliability可靠性最佳设计方案 Unsurpassed Performance卓越的性能 Enhanced Debris Isolation and Protection增强型碎屑隔离和保护 Full Metal-to-Metal Containment 完全金属对金属的密封 Premium Material Construction优质的材料

28、结构25 Superior Hydraulic Actuator极佳的液压传动装置 True Metal-to-Metal Flapper Sealing真正的金属对金属阀板密封 Premium Metal-to-Metal Connections优质金属密封连接扣型Performance Based Sealing优越的密封26 Full Metal-to-Metal Sealing Integrity in Open/Closed Position开启/关闭位置完全金属对金属密封 Piston Rod Sized for Maximum Strength活塞杆尺寸设计能承受最大强度 Inc

29、reased Hydraulic Control Chamber Rating By Solid Top Sub Construction上部接头整体构造使液压腔等级增强 Consistent Design Through All Sizes and Pressure Ranges绝大多数的尺寸和压力等级都有相配的产品 Superior Hydraulic Actuator极佳的液压传动装置极佳的液压传动装置Performance Based Sealing优越的密封27SP Hydraulic Piston Actuator液压活塞传动装置Upper Metal-To-Metal Hydra

30、ulic Seal上部金属对金属液压密封Non Elastomer Dynamic Seals无弹性件动态密封Lower Metal-To-Metal Hydraulic Seal下部金属对金属液压密封28Performance Based Sealing优越的密封Spherical Sealing Flapper Providing Unsurpassed MTM Sealing球状阀板提供良好的金属对金属密封Recognized by Petroleum Engineering International for Innovative Engineering被国际石油工程认可的创新技术Fl

31、apper Seat Coupled to Valve, Loading by Torqued MTM Seal阀板座和阀体做成整体, 当金属密封的扣型拧扣时载入Verification Sand Testing Exceeding API Class 2 by Nearly 20 Fold在出砂环境中做测试超过API Class 2级近20次True Metal-to-Metal Flapper Sealing真正的金属对金属阀板密封29Wiper Seal Isolates the Top上部隔离密封Flow Holes Ensure Continuous Flushing During

32、Flowing Conditions流管确保在在生产过程中的不断清洗Metal to Metal Seal on the Piston Isolates the Hydraulic System活塞的金属密封系统起到极佳的隔离密封作用Isolation of Upper End上部隔离密封Enhanced Debris Isolation增强了碎屑隔离功能30MTM Downstop Seat金属对金属的底部截止密封Complete Isolation of the Closure Mechanism关闭状态下完全隔离Eliminates Flow From Entering the Oper

33、ator of the Valve防止流体流入阀体Full Protection During Flowing Conditions流体流动状态下完全保护Enhanced Debris Isolation增强碎屑隔离功能Isolation of Lower End下端隔离Open Position31Dedicated Exercise Profile优越的活动结构 Standard Feature Within All SP TRSVs所有SP 的标准特性 Allows Flow Tube to be Manipulated Upwards or Downwards Via Slicklin

34、e可允许流管经过钢丝工具上下运动 Helps Prevent TRSV Permanent Lock Open可有效防止永久锁常开32SP TRSV - Debris/Scale Protection SummarySP TRSV-防碎屑/积垢功能Features特点Benefits优越性Wiper Ring On Upper Flow Tube Downstop在在流管运行到最底端时其上部的刮环流管运行到最底端时其上部的刮环Metal-to-Metal Face Seat At Flow Tube流管上流管上金属面对金属面的底座金属面对金属面的底座Critical Components Is

35、olated From Well Debris/Scale With Valve In Open Position 非常关键的组成部分非常关键的组成部分,在安全阀打开状态下隔在安全阀打开状态下隔离碎屑离碎屑Clean-Out Ports In Flow Tubes Upper End流流管上端的清洗孔管上端的清洗孔 Area Above Flow Tube Free Of Solids Buildup 避免了流管上方的碎屑堆积避免了流管上方的碎屑堆积Flow Tube Fluted Seat Guide流管座上有导向流管座上有导向槽槽Fluted Guide Provides Maximum

36、Protection To The Flow Tube Allowing Fluids To Enter And Exit During Valve Operation导向槽在安全阀打开过程中允许流导向槽在安全阀打开过程中允许流体通过的同时最大程度的保护了流管体通过的同时最大程度的保护了流管Prevents Eccentric Loads on Flow Tube Selective Internal Exercise Profile可选择内部可选择内部活动结构活动结构Flow Tube Can Be Manipulated By Slickline If Necessary如有必要可进行钢丝

37、作如有必要可进行钢丝作业上下活动流管业上下活动流管Helps Prevent Permanent Lock Open or Workover 防止永久锁定长开防止永久锁定长开 Teflon Coated Flow Tube ID Available (Baked On By Means of Heat Treat Ovens)可选含内涂可选含内涂Teflon层的流管层的流管Prevents Scale Build-Up防止碎屑堆积防止碎屑堆积33SP TRSV Specifications SP TRSV参数34Recent and Current Developments当前项目研究 Sli

38、mline TRSV 9 5/8” SP TRSV For 13-3/8” Casing; 在 13-3/8” 套管里下入的9 5/8” SP TRSV 7” SP TRSV For 9-5/8” Casing在9-5/8” 套管里下入的7” SP TRSV 4 1/2” NE TRSV for 7” Casing在7” 套管里下入的4 1/2” NE TRSV Cementing Through TRSVs可进行挤注水泥作业的安全阀 XHP/HT超高温高压 Deep-Set TRSV深井用井下安全阀 DepthStar35 SP TRSV design设计 11.75” OD (High-S

39、trength Nickel Alloy高强度镍合金) 12.02” OD (80ksi MY Material抗拉材料) Runs inside 13 3/8” casing下入在13 3/8”套管里的 8.50” ID内径 Compatible with 9 5/8” 47# tubing和9 5/8” 47#套管相配套的 5,000 psi Working Pressure5,000psi工作压力 Installed in GOM and Middle East在墨西哥湾和中东已经安装9 5/8” SP TRSV 367” Slimline SP TRSV 7”小外径安全阀SP TRSV

40、 design设计8.38” OD 外径(High Yield Nickel Alloy高强度镍合金)8.52” OD 外径(80ksi MY Material80ksi的抗拉强度的合金)6000 psi rating with 5.813” ID;6000psi工作压力,内径5.813”5000 psi rating with 5.875” ID;5000psi的工作压力,内径为5.813”.374 1/2” Slimline NE TRSV 4 1/2”小外径安全阀 NE TRSV design设计 5.965” OD外径 (7” 32# drift套管通径 5.969”) 3.813”

41、ID内径 Up to 7500 psi Working Pressure高达7500psi的工作压力38Cementing Through TRSVs过安全阀注水泥 1000+ 2 7/8” and 3 ” WellStars for Unocal and Chevron in Thailand泰国 100+ 3 ” NEs for PTTEP in Thailand泰国 4 ” NE for Shell UK英国 30+ 5 ” SP for NAM, Shell UK, and PDO (Shell Oman)39XHP/HT Applications超高温高压应用3 ” 20,000 p

42、si SP TRSCSSV Available工作压力20000psi的SP井下安全阀 5.495” OD x 2.313” ID3 ” 30,000 psi Feasibility study可行性的研究4 ” 20,000 psi Feasibility study可行性的研究5 ” 15,000 psi - Completed Design Study已完成设计 8.38” OD x 4.562” ID5 ” 25,000 psi Feasibility study可行性研究7” 10K SP TRSCSSV Used by Kela 2 & AGIP KCO 9.07” OD

43、x 5.750” ID应用于塔里木和AGIP KCO40Deepwater and XHP/HT DepthStar TRSV深井和超高温高压应用Revolutionary Step Change 革命性的里程碑 Completion Design and Valve Placement 完井设计和安全阀下入 Reliability可靠 Cost of Overall Operating System整体花费小 Safety安全 Enables the Future未来的需要20/04/2006The Leader in Subsurface Safety Valves井下完全阀中的领袖Why

44、?为什么?Best Reliability In The Oil Field油田上最可信赖Best In Class Sealing System同等级中最好的密封系统Superior Debris and Corrosion Protection 优越的防碎屑和抗腐蚀能力End Result:最终结果:Provides Maximum Downhole Safety最大的保证井下安全Minimizes/Eliminates Down Time减少/消除停工时间Best Valve最好的安全阀More Production/Revenue For The Operator给操作者提供更多的产能

45、/效益42TRSV Technical Considerations设计井下安全阀时需考虑的技术参数 Valve Size尺寸及型号 Pressure Rating工作压力等级 ID & Nipple Profile内径，槽面内径 Tubing Material / TRSV Material材料 Service H2S, CO2, Standard是否还有腐蚀性气体 Setting Depth下入深度 Self-Equalizing or Non-Equalizing是否自平衡 Tubing Thread Size & Weight油管扣型 Casing Size & Weight套管扣型，尺寸 By-Pass Lines43TRSV Technical Considerations contd设计井下安全阀时需考虑的技术参数-继续 API Requirements API标准规定 Control Lin