中考英语 阅读理解题材Topic 8 天气与自然

中考英语阅读理解题材Topic8天气与自然中考英语阅读理解题材Topic8天气与自然中考英语阅读理解题材Topic8天气与自然V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考中考英语阅读理解题材Topic8天气与自然日期：20xx年X月TopicEightWeatherandNature天气与自然话说中考随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合走进中考(湖北襄樊·2010)Earthquakeshappenwithoutwarning(前兆)．Theycanhappenanytimeofaday，atanypointduringtheyear．Whenanearthquakeishappening，youshouldknowwhatyoushoulddoornotdo．DoNOTgooutside．Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings．Ifyouareoutside，stayawayfrombuildingsandpowerlines(输电线)．Stayunderadesk，table，orotherstrongfurniture．Holdontoit．Orstayinacornerofthebuilding．Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatowelorclothing．Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside．Keepawayfromwindows，picturesoradvertisementsonthewallorthebuilding，andanythingelsethatcouldfallandhurtyou．Mostpeoplegetinjuredbyfallingthingsduringanearthquake，notbytheshakingitself．Alsokeepawayfromafire．Youcouldfalldownandburnyourselfonthefire．Ifyouaredrivingwhenanearthquakehappens，stopthecarifit'ssafe．Stayinsideyourcaruntiltheearthquakestops，anddon'tdrivenearbridges．Trynottostopbypowerlinesortrees．Thesecouldfallandhurtyou．阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。()1．Itisn'tsafeforyouto_______whiletheearthquakeishappening．A．runoutofthebuildingB．stayinacornerofthebuildingC．coveryourheadwithyourarmsD．coveryourmouthwithatowel()2．Fromthispassage，weknow_______．A．manypeoplefearearthquakesB．earthquakesmaybehappenatanytimeC．wecan'tsaveourselvesinanearthquakeD．peoplenevergetinjuredinearthquakes()3．Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe"_______"．A．HowEarthquakesHappenB．HowtoDriveaCarC．WhatWeShouldDoinEarthquakesD．WhyEarthquakesHappen解析1．ABCD三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知A项的做法是不安全的，故正确答案为A。2．B根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故B项为正确答案。3．C通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为C。话题专练一Earthquakesmayhappenanywhereontheearth．Whensomeplatesoftheearthmovesuddenly，anearthquakehappens．Manyearthquakesbeginunderthesea．Theyoftenhappennearthemountains，too．Duringanearthquake，theshakingsmakerocksrisesuddenlyandevencrack(断裂)open．Housesfall，peoplearekilledorhurt，andsometimesthewholevillagesorcitiesaredestroyed．Canwedosomethingtokeepourselvessafefromearthquakes

Scientistshavestudiedearthquakesandmademapsthatshowthe"earthquakebelts"．Inareasinthesebelts，it'spossibleforearthquakestohappen．Intheseareasweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainstearthquakes．

Inthefuture，scientistswillbeabletotellwhenandwhereanearthquakewillbebeforetheyhappen．Theycanalsotellpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1．Thereasonforanearthquakeis_______．A．thattherearesomanyplatesontheearthB．thattheseaistoodeepC．rocks'crackingopen()2．Alotofearthquakesoftenhappens_______．A．intheareaB．nexttomountainsC．atnight()3．Amapshowingtheearthquakebeltswilltellpeople_______．A．whatkindofhousestobuildB．whatkindofhousescanstayupinanearthquakeC．whereearthquakemayhappen()4．WhichisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Duringanearthquakepeoplearekilledorhurt．B．Thescientistscantellwhenandwhereanearthquakeisnow．C．weshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainstearthquakes．()5．Inthefuture，we'llbenolongersoafraidofearthquakes_______．A．withthehelpofscientists'exactpredictionB．becauseofamapshowingthe"earthquakebelts"C．becausewecanguessthedateandplaceofearthquakes答案：1．A根据文章第一段中“Whensomeplatesoftheearthmovesuddenly，anearthquakehappens．"可知，地球是由许多板块构成的，板块的移动产生了地震，所以根源在板块。2．B根据短文第一段内容可知，地震常发生在山脉附近。3．C根据短文第三段内容可知，地图将告诉我们地震带常发生地震。4．B根据短文最后一段内容可知，专家预测将来能判定地震发生的时间和地点，而不是现在。5．A根据短文最后一段内容可以推测出专家能预测地震发生的时间和地点，所以我们不必担心将来发生地震。二HaveyoueverseenagreenhouseMostgreenhouseslooklikeasmallglasshouse．Greenhousesareusedtogrowplants，especiallyinwinter．Greenhousesworkbytrappingheatfromthesun，theglasspanels(板)ofthegreenhouseletlightin，butkeepheatfromescaping．Thiscausesthegreenhousetoheatup，muchliketheinsideoftheparkedinsunlight，andkeepstheplantswarmenoughtoliveinwinter．Theearth'satmosphere(大气)isallaroundus．Itistheairthatwebreathe．Greenhousegasesintheatmospherebehavemuchliketheglasspanelsinagreenhouse．SunlightenterstheEarth'satmosphere，passingthroughtheblanketofgreenhousegases．AsitreachestheEarth'ssurface，land，water，andbiosphere(生物圈)，theytakeupthesunlight'senergy．Oncetheheatistakenup，thisenergyissentbackintotheatmosphere．Someoftheenergypassesbackintospace，butmuchofitremainstrappedintheatmospherebythegreenhousegases，causingourworldtoheatup．Thegreenhouseeffectisimportant．Withoutthegreenhouseeffect，theEarthwouldnotbewarmenoughforhumanstolive．Butifthegreenhouseeffectbecomesstronger，itcouldmaketheearthwarmerthanusual．Evenalittleextrawarmingmaybringproblemstohumans，plants，andanimals．根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1．Whataregreenhousesusedfor?________________________________________________________2．Whyisthetemperatureinthegreenhousehigherthanthatoutside?

________________________________________________________3．Whatbehavesmuchliketheglasspanelsinagreenhouse?________________________________________________________4．Ifwedidn'thavethegreenhouseeffect，whatwouldhappen?

________________________________________________________5．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytellus?________________________________________________________答案：1．Theyareusedforgrowingplants．答案来自第二段的第一句。2．根据短文第二段中温室效应的工作原理可知，答案是Becausetheglasspanelsofthegreenhousecanletlightin，andkeepheatfromescaping．3．根据短文第三段的“muchofitremainstrappedintheatmospherebythegreenhousegases”可知，温室塑料板的作用像空中大气层的作用，即答案是Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere．4．根据最后一段内容可知，如果没有大气层的温室效应，人类就不能生存，即答案为Humanscouldn'tlivebecausetheearthwouldnotbewarmenough．5．根据全文内容可知，主要是温室效应及对人类的影响，所以答案为Itmainlytellsuswhatthegreenhouseeffectisanditsinfluence．三Noonecanchangetheweather．Butifreadthesignscorrectlyaroundus，wecanknowhowtheweatherwillbe．Thiswayoftellingwhattheweatherwillbelikeonthefollowingdayortwoiscalledweatherforecasting．Formanycenturiesandinallcountries，peoplehavestudiedtheweatherandtriedtomakeweatherforecasting．Ringsaroundthesunareasignofcomingrain．Manypeoplefeelintheirbonesthecomingofwetweather．Theirjoints(关节)ache．Somebirdsflyhighifthefineweatheriscoming，buttheyflyneargroundifrainyorstormyweatherisontheway．Itisprobablybecauseoftheinsectswhichtheyarehuntingflylow．Ifyouseearainbowduringrainyweather，thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclearandfine．Suchrainbowscomeintheevening．Ifthestarstwinkleclearlyatnight，thenfineweatherwillcontinue．Ifafogappearsintheeveningjustaboveariver，thenthedaywillbewarm．Ifthesunsetismostlyredincolor，thenthemorning，rainyweatherwillprobablycome．Mostoftheabovesayingshavebeenmadebythepeoplewhohaveusedtheireyesandbrainstomakeweatherforecasting．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1．People'sjointsache_______．A．isasignofcomingrainB．becausetheyareillC．withoutanyreasonD．becauseoftheinsects()2．Whichistrueaboutweatherforecasting?

A．Weatherforecastingisareportabouttheweatheronthefollowingdayortwo．B．Weatherforecastingisawayoftellingwhattheweatherwillbelike．C．Peoplecanchangetheweatherforecasting．D．Weatherforecastingisasignofcomingrain．()3．Thebirdsflyhighandthestarstwinkleclearlyisasignthattheweatherwill_______．A．berainyB．bewarmC．continueclearandfineD．becold()4．Arainbowduringrainyweatherisa_______ofthefineweather．A．signB．wayC．methodD．road()5．Wemust_______tomakeweatherforecasting．A．useoureyesandbrainsB．studytheweatherhardC．readtheweatherhardD．alloftheabove答案：1．A根据短文Manypeoplefeelintheirbonesthecomingofwetweather．可知，人们的一些关节疼痛是雨天来临的标志。2．B根据短文内容可知，天气预报是对未来几天的预测；不是对天气的报道，也不是雨天的标志，即排除A、D；根据短文第一句可知“人们更不能改变天气”排除C，所以答案是B。3．C根据短文中Somebirdsflyhighifthefineweatheriscoming，和Ifthestarstwinkleclearlyatnight，thenfineweatherwillcontinue．可知，鸟儿飞的高和夜晚星光灿烂是天气晴朗、温度适宜的象征。4．A根据短文中Ifyouseearainbowduringrainyweather，thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclearandfine．可知，雨后彩虹是天气晴朗的标志。5．D从整篇文章来看，对天气的了解不仅靠人们的眼睛和大脑，还要继续多观察和研究，所以选D。四"Green"ismorethanjustacolor．Italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironment—thewater，theland，andtheairwebreathe．Whatcanyoudo

Here'soneoftheguidestobeinggreen：

Sometimespeoplecalloursocietya"throwawaysociety"．Thatmeansthatwe'realittlewillingtothrowawayoldthingsandbuynewthings．Manytimes，evenifyounolongerneedsomething，someoneelsejustmight．Forexample，ifyourbabybrotherdoesn'twanthisplasticbasketballhoop(篮筐)，whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid?

Herearesomeotherwaystoreusethethingsyouhave：Userechargeable(可再充电的)batteriesforyourlaptops，MP3players，cellphones，anddigitalcameras．Choosereusabletravelcupsinsteadofdisposable(一次性的)paperorplasticcups．Takeyourownbagswhenyougotothegrocerystore．Drinktapwaterinsteadofbuyingbottledwater．Ifyoudon'tlikehowyourtapwatertastes，alow-costfiltration(过滤)systemcouldmakeadifference．Getareusablewaterbottlesoyoucantakeitwithyou．Organizeanexchangeamongyourfriends．WhatcanyouexchangeBooks，toys，evenclothes．It'sawayforeveryonetogetsomethingnewwithoutspendinganymoneyandwithoutthrowinglotsofthingsaway．根据短文内容，完成句子。1．Greenisnotonlyacolorbutalsomeans_______．2．Ifyourbrotherdoesn'twanthisplasticbasketballhoop，youcan_______．3．Youshould_______insteadofdisposablepaperorplasticcups．4．Youcanexchange_______withyourfriends．5．Thearticlemainlytellsus_______．答案：1．根据短文第一段内容可知，绿色不仅是一种颜色，还是环保的一种标志，即答案为takingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironment。2．根据短文中“ifyourbabybrotherdoesn'twanthisplasticbasketballhoop(篮筐)，whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送给别的小孩子，即答案为giveiftoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid。3．根据短文中第二条建议可知，我们可以用个人专用杯来代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是choosereusabletravelcups。4．根据短文最后一段内容可知，可交换的东西有books，toys，andclothes。5．通读全文可知，这篇文章主要告诉我们，生活中如何环保，所以答案是howtoprotectourenvironmentinourlives。五Therearesomeeasythingsyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentandtheearth．Chooseideasfromthelistorcomeupwithafewofyourown．★Plantflowers，grassortrees．★Wheneveryouvisitaparkorabeach，takeawaywhatyoubringthereandkeeprubbishinabaguntilyoucanputitintoadustbin．★Turnoffthelights，TVsetswhenyouleavearoom．Thissavesalotofelectricity．★Turnoffthetapwhenyoubrushyourteeth．Youcansavesomewaterbynotlettingitrun．Also，useaglassorcupinsteadofapaperonebecausethissavespaper．★Keepthedoorsandwindowsclosedinwintertokeepwarmairin．★Giveyouroldbooksandmagazinestoalibraryinsteadofthrowingthemaway．★Giveyourclothestopoorchildreninsteadofthrowingthemaway．★Usebothsidesofpaper．★Stoppouringdirtywaterintotheriversorlakesnearby．★Encourageallyourfriendstodothesamethingsyoudotohelpprotecttheearth．Ifeveryonemakescontributiontoprotecttheenvironment，theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1．Fromtheabove，weknowthatthepassageis_______．A．anadB．aproposal(建议)C．asignD．anotice()2．Thewritermainlytellsus_______．A．topourdirtywaterintotheriversB．tothrowrubbishintoadustbinC．tosavewaterbyturningonthetapwhilebrushingourteethD．thatwecan'tdoallthesethingseveryday()3．Wecan_______tosavepaper．A．usebothsidesofpaperB．pickupwastepaperatschoolC．useapapercupD．giveoldtoystopoorchildren()4．WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothewriter?A．Turnoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom．B．Closethedoorsandwindowsinwinter．C．Useapapercupwhenyoubrushyourteeth．D．Giveyouroldclothestothepoorchildren．()5．Thetitleofthispassageis________．A．SaveWaterandElectricityB．ProtecttheEarthC．MakeBetterUseofOldThingsD．SaveMoney答案：1．B根据短文内容可知这是一则倡议书。2．B由“...youcanputitintoadustbin．”可知答案。3．A由第八条建议可知答案是usebothsidesofpaper。4．C由第四条建议useaglassorcupinsteadofapaperone可知，答案是C。5．B根据短文大意可知是谈论保护地球。六HowmanyplasticbagsdoyouuseeverydayIsthereanychanceforustolivewithoutthemWhatcanwedotohavelessplasticpollutionAperformanceinHangzhoumakespeoplethinkmoreabouttheoveruseofplasticbagsinourlives．InfrontofasupermarketinHangzhou，fivevolunteersworewhiteplasticbagsandwalkedaroundandthroughthecrowd．Theperformancecalledonpeopletousemoreclothbagsinsteadofplasticones．Someoftheplasticbagswornbytheperformerswerecollectedfromcustomers(顾客)intwofoodmarketsandtheotherswerecollectedby700studentsfromasecondaryschool．Onthatday，whenleavingthefoodmarkets，customersweretoldtohandoverunnecessaryplasticshoppingbags．Severalhundredplasticbagswerecollectedintwohours．"Ifwedonothingaboutit，theearthwillbeeatenupbywhitepollution．Andhumanswillbecome'plasticmen'，"saidoneoftheperformers．"Howcanyoubreatheinsomanyplasticbags"Amiddle-agedwomanaskedoneperformer．"Howcantheearthbreatheiftherearetoomanyplasticbags"theperformeranswered．

StartingfromJunelastyear，plasticbagswerenolongergivenforfreeinsupermarkets，shoppingmallsorfoodmarketsalloverthecountry．Peoplearecalledontouseclothbagswhentheygoshopping．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1．SinceJunelastyearpeopleshould_______plasticbagsalloverthecountry．A．payforB．getC．useasmanyasD．stopusing()2．Aperformancetookplacein_______．A．asupermarketB．aplasticbagshopC．HangzhouD．aschool()3．—Whydidtheperformerswearwhiteplasticbagsandwalkaround?—Theywanted________．A．toaskpeopletooveruseplasticsB．toinvitepeopletogotothesupermarketC．togivepeoplemorebagsD．topersuadepeoplenottouseplasticbags()4．Ifwedon'tdosomethingagainstthepollution，humans_______．A．willbepollutedB．willbecome"plasticmen"C．won'tbecomfortableD．willbeplasticones()5．Themainideaofthispassageisabout_______pollution．A．whiteB．airC．waterD．light答案：1．A文章中讲到自2008年6月1日起，为减少白色污染的泛滥而有偿使用塑料袋，而不是禁止使用。2．C根据文章第一段最后一句“AperformanceinHangzhoumakespeoplethinkmoreabouttheoveruseofplasticbagsinourlives．”可知，这个演出活动在杭州举行。3．D根据文章第二段最后一句可知他们的目的是号召人们用布袋代替塑料袋。4．B根据笫五段主要介绍如果我们人类再不做些事情制止白色污染，那么地球有一天会被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也会被污染成plasticmen。5．A由短文内容可知文章主旨是有关白色污染的。七"Whatwouldyoudoifyouwerethemayor(市长)ofyourcity"Weaskedsomestudentsfromdifferentcities．Herearewhattheysaid：DengChuan，15，fromDazhouWiththedevelopmentofmodernindustry(工业)，moreandmorewastewaterisbeingpouredintotheZhouheRiver．Ithascausedseriouspollution．Theriverisbecomingsodirtythatfewlivingthingscanliveinit．So，ifIwerethemayor，Iwouldorderallthefactoriesthatpourthewastewaterintotherivertoclosedown．Asweallknow，wateristhesource(根源)ofourlives．Itisveryimportanttoprotectwater．ZhangYan，14，fromChengduOurcityismoreandmorebeautiful．Butsometimesit'snotconvenientfortheblind．Therearenotenoughpavements(人行道)inourcity．Someoftheoldonesarebroken．Theymaynotbesafetowalkon!IfIwerethemayorofourcity，Iwouldbuildmorepavementsfortheblind．WangLili，16，fromChongqingTherearemoreandmoreoldpeopleinourcity．Andtherearenotenoughplacesforthemtorelaxandenjoythemselves．So，ifIwerethemayor，Iwouldbuildanactivitycenterineachresidential(住宅)areafortheold．Sooldpeoplecanplaycardsorchess．Thiswillmakeoldpeoplenotfeellonelyanymoreandspendremainingyearscomfortably．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1．WhatdoesDengChuancarefor?A．waterpollution．B．Airpollution．C．Pavementsfortheblind．D．Activitycentersfortheold．()2．Who'stheyoungestofthethreestudents?A．DengChuan．B．ZhangYan．C．WangLili．D．Idon'tknow．()3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"convenient"meaninChinese?A．方便的B．简单的C．便宜的D．具有吸引力的()4．WhereisWangLilifrom?A．Dazhou．B．Chengdu．C．Chongqing．D．Zhouhe．()5．WhichofthefollowingisFALSE?A．It'sveryimportantforDazhoutoprotectwater．B．ThereareenoughpavementsfortheblindinChengdu．C．Therearen'tenoughplacesfortheoldpeopletorelaxandenjoythemselvesinChongqing．D．SomeoftheoldpavementsinChengduarebroken．答案：1．A根据短文中第一个学生的答语可知，moreandmorewastewaterisbeingpouredintotheZhouheRiver．Ithascausedseriouspollution．确定答案是A。2．B根据三个同学的简介可知，ZhangYan年龄最小。3．A根据上下句的关系可知，是对盲人不方便。4．C根据最后那名学生的介绍可知，她来自重庆。5．B从ZhangYan的介绍中的第三句Therearenotenoughpavements(人行道)inourcity．可知，B项是错误的。八Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent．Itinfluenceshealth，intelligence(智力)andfeelings．InAugust，itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates．Peopletherehavehearttroubleandotherkindsofhealthproblemsduringthismonth．Inthenortheastandthemiddlewest，itisveryhotsometimesandverycoldsometimes．PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryorMarch．Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence．Forexample，ina1983studybyscientistsshowedthattheIQofagroupofstudentswasveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame，butafterthestrongwind，theirIQwas10%lower．Thewindcanhelppeoplehavemoreintelligence．Veryhotweather，ontheotherhand，canmakeitlower．StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftendoworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear(JulyandAugust)．Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople'sfeelings．Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople．Theyusuallyfeelcoldthesemonths．Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather．Butfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimeinhotsummer．Atabout18℃，peoplebecomestronger．Lowairpressure(气压)maymakepeopleforgetful．Peopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlow-pressuredays．Thereis"goodweather"forworkandhealth．Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18℃．Areyoufeelingsad，tired，forgetful，orunhappytodayItmaybetheweather'sfault．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1．_______canhaveabadeffectonhealth．A．HotandwetweatherB．GoodweatherC．WarmweatherD．Highintelligence()2．Peoplemayhavemoreintelligencewhen_______comes．A．arainB．veryhotweatherC．awindD．lowairpressure()3．Lowairpressuremaymakepeople_______．A．forgetfulB．sadC．angryD．tired()4．In"goodweather"of18℃，_______．A．peopleareveryforgetfulB．peoplecan'tdotheirworkwellC．thinpeoplefeelcoldD．peopleareinbetterhealth()5．Thearticlemainlytellsusthat_______．A．weatherinfluencespeople'shealthB．weatherinfluencespeople'sintelligenceC．weatherinfluencespeople'sfeelingsD．all