云南财大英语经典人文导读富兰克林传期末复习

云南财大英语经典人文导读富兰克林传期末复习云南财大英语经典人文导读富兰克林传期末复习云南财大英语经典人文导读富兰克林传期末复习云南财大英语经典人文导读富兰克林传期末复习编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:NewEnglandCourant《新英格兰报》ThePennsylvaniaGazette《宾夕法尼亚公报》PoorRichard’sAlmanac《穷理查智慧书》Paxtonaffair帕克斯顿事件StampAct《印花税法案》letterofHutchinsonandOliver哈钦森信件ContinentalCongress大陆会议theReformation宗教改革Protestants新教徒BostonMassacre波士顿大屠杀BostonTeaTreaty波士顿倾茶事件TheSiegeofBoston波士顿围城战MidnightRide午夜骑行TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates美国宪法MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology麻省理工学院ArticlesofConfederation《联邦条例》theChurchofEngland英国国教Pilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》ReligiousSocietyofFriends贵格会(教友派)theCivilWar美国南北战争（美国内战）Junto共读社Testament（基督教）圣约书FableoftheBees《蜜蜂的寓言》TheNewTestament《新约》HouseofLords上议院HouseofCommons下议院PhilosophicalSociety美国哲学研究会QuakerAssembly教友会教徒PlainTruth《平凡的真理》TheAmericanSociety美国学会PeaceofParis《巴黎和约》PeaceofTreatyofVersailles《凡尔赛和约》theRoyalSociety英国皇家学会theCopleymedal科普利奖章theWestIndies西印度群岛Postmaster-General邮政部长jointPostmaster-General北美邮政监察员theAssembly议会FrenchAcademy法兰西科学院DeclarationofIndependence《独立宣言》PrivyCouncil枢密院RoyalAcademySciences皇家科学院UnionFireCompany志愿消防队Sabbath安息日TheSocraticmethod苏格拉底问答法ArtofVirtue道德的艺术surveyor-general测量局长Seeingnoprospectofanaccommodationbetweenmybrotherandme,hegavehisconsenttomyreturningagaintoPhiladelphia,advis’dmetobehaverespectfullytothepeoplethere,endeavortoobtainthegeneralesteem.他在了解了我哥哥和我之间暂无和解的希望后，就允许我再回到费城去，他指教我要谦恭地对待那里的人，争取普遍的尊重。Inyouth,therefore,theturnisgiven;inyouththeeducationevenofthenextgenerationisgiven;inyouththeprivateandpubliccharacterisdetermined.在青年时期，人生转折点也确定了；在青年时期，甚至连下一代的教育也确定了；在青年时期，人所不知何人所共知的品格也已决定。Thetermoflifeextendingbutfromyouthtoage,lifeoughttobeginwellfromyouth,andmoreespeciallybeforewetakeourpartyastoourprincipalobjects.生命的期限就是从青年时期展开的，生命该从青年时期就好好地开始，尤其在我们以选择职业为主要目标以前。Oursensationsbeingverymuchfixedtothemoment,weareapttoforgetthatmoremomentsaretofollowthefirst,andconsequentlythatmanshouldarrangehisconductsoastosuitthewholeofalife.我们的感觉往往凝结于现今，而常常忘掉有更多的时间是会跟着来的，因此一个人应该安排他的行为以适合其整个一生。Extendyourviewsevenfurther;donotstopatthosewhospeaktheEnglishtongue,butafterhavingsettledsomanypointsinnatureandpolitics,thinkofbetteringthewholeraceofmen.把你的眼光放得更远些，不要只限于说英语者，等到在政治和自然上的许多观点确定了以后，就要想到改良整个的人类。ORDER.Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.秩序。你的一切东西该有它们自己的位置；你的工作何时干、何时完，该有它们的时间。OftenIsatupinmyroomreadingthegreatestpartofthenight,whenthebookwasborrowedintheeveningandtobereturnedearlyinthemorning,lestitshouldbemissedorwanted.有时一本书是晚上借来而必须在次日一早送还的，我就常常振作精神在我屋中读到深夜，免得到时不还这书就被当成遗失或缺货了。RESOLUTION.Resolvetoperformthatyouought;performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.决断。决定做你该做的事；做好你决定做的事。FRUGALITY.Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself;.,wastenothing.俭朴。除非于人于己有益者不去花费，否则即为浪费。INDUSTRY.Losenotime;bealwaysemploy’dinsomethinguseful;cutoffallunnecessaryactions.勤劳。勿浪费时间；时间要常常用之于有用的事；弃掉一切不需要的举动。But,howeverserviceableImightbe,Ifoundthatmyservicesbecameeverydayoflessimportance,astheotherhandsimprov’dinthebusiness.但是不管我怎样勤勉工作，随着别的工人在业务上的进步，我发觉我的职务日渐不重要。JUSTICE.Wrongnonebydoinginjuries,oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.正直。不要施行有害行为，也不要忽略你所应给的利益来损害任何人。SINCERITY.Usenohurtfuldeceit;thinkinnocentlyandjustly,and,ifyouspeak,speakaccordingly.诚恳。勿为有害之欺诈；勿思邪恶，唯念正义；如有言，言必诚。Sincesucharepetitionisnottobeexpected,thenextthingmostlikelivingone’slifeoveragainseemstobearecollectionofthatlife,andtomakethatrecollectionasdurableaspossiblebyputtingitdowninwriting.但是这样的重演是不能指望了，那么最接近重演的该是回忆平生而把它写下来，使这回忆在可能的范围中传之久远。Inordertosecuremycreditandcharacterasatradesman,Itookcarenotonlytobeinrealityindustriousandfrugal,buttoavoidallappearancestothecontrary.因为要巩固商人的信用和声望，我不但注意到勤劳和节俭的实际情形，也要避免那种趾高气扬的形象。Ifancyhisharshandtyrannicaltreatmentofmemightbeameansofimpressingmewiththataversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktomethroughmywholelife.我想象他对我的苛刻和残暴的待遇也许是一种加深我的印象的手段，使我一生都在反对专制。In1732,Ifirstpublish’dmyfirtAlmanac,underthenameofRichardSaunder;itwascontinu’dbymeabouttwenty-fiveyears,commonlycall’dPoorRichard’sAlmanac.在732年，我第一次刊行我的历书，署名为理查.桑德斯，这本书我持续刊行了大约25年，通常称之为《穷理查年鉴》。But,howeverserviceableImightbe,Ifoundthatmyservicesbecameeverydayoflessimportance,astheotherhandsimprov’dinthebusiness.但是不管我怎样勤勉工作，随着别的工人在业务上的进步，我发觉我的职务日渐不重要。Anotherthingdemonstratedwillbetheproprietyofeveryman’swaitingforhistimeforappearinguponthestageoftheworld.另外指出的一件事就是，每个人都应当等待时机在社会舞台上显露头角。Idrestplainly;Iwasseenatnoplacesofidlediversion.Ineverwentoutafishingorshooting;abook,indeed,sometimesdebaush’dmefrommywork,butthatwasseldom,snugandgavenoscandal.我穿得很朴素，从来不在消闲的娱乐场出现。我从不出去钓鱼和打猎。真的，只有时因一本书籍把我的工作耽误了，但那也不是常有的，而且是隐蔽的，不会受到指摘的。Itisinyouththatweplantourchiefhabitsandprejudices;itisinyouththatwetakeourpartyastoprofession,pursuitsandmatrimony.在青年时期，我们培植了我们主要的习惯和见解；在青年时期，我们选择了职业，追求和配偶。Extendyourviewsevenfurther;donotstopatthosewhospeaktheEnglishtongue,butafterhavingsettledsomanypointsinnatureandpolitics,thinkofbetteringthewholeraceofmen.把你的眼光放得更远些，不要只限于说英语者，等到在政治和自然上的许多观点确定了以后，就要想到改良整个的人类。TEMPERANCE.Eatnottodullness;drinknottoelevation.节制。食不过饱；饮不过量。SLIENCE.Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself;avoidtriflingconversation.沉默。除非于人于己有利之言不谈；避免琐屑的谈话。MODERATION.Avoidextremes;forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.中庸。避免极端；人若给你应得处罚，你当容忍之。FromachildIwasfondofreading,andallthelittlemoneythatcameintomyhandswaseverlaidoutinbooks.PleasedwithPilgrim’sProgress,myfirstcollectionwasofJohnBunyan’swordsinseparatelittlevolumes.我从小就爱好读书，我一直把我手上的全部零用钱都花在书上。因为我喜爱《天路历程》，所以我一开始就收集了约翰·班扬文集的单独发行的小册子。Thisbookishinclinationatlengthdeterminedmyfathertomakemeaprinter,thoughhehadalreadyoneson(James)ofthatprofession.这种对书籍的爱好最后使我父亲决定叫我学印刷业，虽然他已经有了一个儿子(詹姆士)学了这种行业。Ralphwasinclin’dtopursuethestudyofpoetry,notdoubtingbuthemightbecomeeminentinit,andmakehisfortunebyit.雷夫喜欢研究诗，深信他会因此而成名发财，Therewasanotherbookishladinthetown,JohnCollinsbyname,withwhomIwasintimatelyacquainted.在镇上另外有一个爱好读书的孩子，叫做约翰·高令斯，我和他往来甚密。Iconvinc'dthattruth,sincerityandintegrityindealingsbetweenmanandmanwereoftheutmostimportancetothefelicityoflife.渐渐地我确信在人与人之间的相互关系中对人生的幸福最重要的莫过于真实、诚意和廉洁。Josiah,myfather,marriedyoung,and……,about1682.Theconventicleshavingbeen……,and……tothatcountry,andhewasprevailedwithtoaccompanythemthither,wheretheyexpectedtoenjoytheirmodeofreligionwithfreedom.我父亲约瑟早年就成了家，大约在一六八二年带着妻子和三个孩子迁到新英格兰来。非国教的宗教集会受到法律的禁止，而且时常受到干扰，因此我父亲的友好中有一些有声望的人就想移居到新大陆去，我父亲答应陪同他们前往美洲。Myelderbrotherswereallputapprenticestodifferenttrades.我的哥哥们都拜师学了各种不同的行业。Mybrotherhad,in1720or1721,beguntoprintanewspaper.ItwasthesecondthatappearedinAmerica,andwascalledtheNewEnglandCourant.在一七二○或一七二一年，我哥哥开始出版报纸了。这是在美洲殖民地出现的第二份报纸，叫做《新英格兰报》。IregularlypaidhisannualsubscriptionforthesupportoftheonlyPresbyterianministerormeetingtheyhadinPhiladelphia.我定期地缴付年捐，维持费城唯一的长老会牧师或教堂。Itwasthoughtmostprudentbyhermothertopreventtoourgoingtoofaratpresent,asamarriage.她母亲认为最稳妥的办法是目前暂时不要我们操之过急。InPhiladelphia,Mr.DenhamtookastoreinWater-street,whereweopenedourgoods;Iattendedthebusinessdiligently,studiedaccounts,andgrew,inalittletime,expertatselling.在费城，田纳先生在水街租赁了一个店址，在那里我们把我们的商品陈列出来，我勤勉地照料生意，学习记账，不久就学会了做买卖。Amanbeingsometimesmoregenerouswhenhehasbutalittlemoneythanwhenhehasplenty,perhapsthro’fearofbeingthoughttohavebutlittle.当一个人只有少量钱财的时候，有时候他反而比他钱多时来得慷慨，也许是由于怕人家把他当做穷酸的缘故吧。IhadbeenreligiouslyeducatedasaPresbyterian.在宗教方面我从小所受的是长老会的教养。ThisobscurefamilyofourswasearlyintheReformation,andcontinuedProtestantsthroughthereignofQueenMary,whentheyweresometimesindangeroftroubleonaccountoftheirzealagainstpopery我们这一卑微的家族很早就参加了宗教改革运动，在玛丽女王统治时期他们一直坚信新教，当时由于他们热烈地反对教皇，时有遭受迫害的危险。.Duringmybrother'sconfinement,whichIresentedagooddeal,notwithstandingourprivateddifference,Ihadthemanagementofthepaper;andImadeboldtogivetheirrulerssomerubsinhisbrother’snewspaper,whichmybrotherandotherstookverykindly.尽管我和我哥哥有意见，我对他的被判徒刑表示十分愤慨。在他拘留期间，我主持了报务。在报上我大胆地对我们的统治者进行了冷嘲热讽，我哥哥倒很喜欢这些文章，Ralph,thoughmarried,andhavingonechild,haddeterminedtoaccompanymeinthisvoyage.Itwasthoughtheintendedtoestablishacorrespondence,andobtaingoodstoselloncommissions雷夫，虽然已经结了婚，有了一个孩子，还是决定陪我出洋。据猜度他是想去建立通信联系，获得可以代销的货品，抽取佣金。Iwasprettydiligent,butspentwithRalphagooddealofm