2022版高考英语一轮复习Unit16Stories讲义北师大版选修6

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit16Stories讲义北师大版选修6PAGEPAGE101Unit16Stories[一积词汇见多识广][课内单词回扣](一)阅读词汇写其义1．biographyn．传记2.fantasyn．想象(幻想)物3．victimn．受害者 4.preciousadj.宝贵的，珍贵的5．architecturen．建筑 6.vividadj.生动的，逼真的7．awkwardadj.笨拙的，令人不舒服的8.monumentn．纪念碑，纪念堂9．specificadj.详细的；特定的 10.clumsyadj.笨拙的；不得体的11．formeradj.以前的 12.apparentadj.明显的，显而易见的13．tiresomeadj.讨厌的，令人厌倦的_14.tenseadj.紧张的_(二)表达词汇写其形1．abandonvt.放弃；遗弃 2.preservevt.保护，保存3．witnessv．目击 4.lossn．遗失，丢失5．gathervi.&vt.聚集 6.sorrown．悲伤，难过7．sympathyn．同情 8.burstvi.爆炸；冲，闯9．expandv．扩大，扩充 10.hardshipn．艰苦，困苦11．severeadj.严重的，严厉的 12.eageradj.渴望的；热衷的13．complexadj.复杂的 14.breakthroughn．突破，重大发现15．applaudv．鼓掌 16.occurvi.发生(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.discouragevt.使泄气，使灰心→discouragedadj.气馁的，泄气的→couragen．勇气→encouragevt.鼓励*2.sufferingn．痛苦，困难→sufferv．遭受*3.musicaladj.音乐的n．音乐剧，音乐片→musicn．音乐→musiciann．音乐家4.abnormaladj.反常的，不正常的→normaladj.正常的；通常的*5.admirableadj.令人钦佩的，极佳的→admirevt.尊敬；钦佩→admirationn．尊敬；钦佩*6.significancen．重要性，意义→significantadj.重大的；有重要意义的7．restrictionn．限制，约束→restrictvt.限制，约束8.particularlyadv.特别地，特定地→particularadj.特别的；挑剔的9．unbearableadj.不能忍受的→bearableadj.可忍受的→bearv．忍耐10.gradualadj.逐渐的→graduallyadv.逐渐地用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空1．Havingsufferedfromthelungcancerformanyyears,Johnsuffered_alotofpain,andthesufferingshehadwerebeyonddescription.2．ThefailureintheEnglishcontestdiscouragedmybrother.What'sworse,hefeltdiscouragedinothersubjects.Inordertohelphimregainhiscourageandgetrelaxed,myparentsandIallencouragedhimtotakeatrip.3．Thisyoungmusicianshowedhistalentsformusicwhenhewassixyearsold,andhismusicalabilitywashighlyspokenofbypeople.4．MoststudentsthinkitsignificanttojointheEnglishcorner,thoughafewhaven'trealizedthesignificanceofit.5．Becauseofhisadmirablesuccessinplayingbasketball,manyteenagersadmireMichaelJordanandthinkhedeservestheiradmiration.[话题单词积累]1．dynasty/'dɪnəstɪ/n． 朝代2．emperor/'empərə(r)/n． 皇帝3．queen/kwiːn/n. 女王，王后4．slavery/'sleɪvərɪ/n. 奴隶制度5．battle/'bæt(ə)l/n. 战斗；战役6．ancestor/'ænsestə(r)/n. 祖先7．origin/'ɔrɪdʒɪn/n. 起源；由来8．weapon/'wepən/n. 武器9．aggression/'əɡreʃ(ə)n/n. 侵略10．revolution/ˌrevə'luːʃ(ə)n/n. 革命11．uprising/'ʌpraɪzɪŋ/n. 起义12．incident/'ɪnsɪd(ə)nt/n. 事变13．massacre/'mæsəkə(r)/n. 大屠杀14．invade/ɪn'veɪd/vt. 侵略15．occupy/'ɒkjupaɪ/vt. 攻占；忙于16．historical/hɪ'stɒrɪkl/adj. 与历史有关的，史学的17．betray/bɪ'treɪ/vt. 出卖，泄露(机密)18．escape/ɪ'skeɪp/vi. 逃跑；逃走19．feudal/'fjuːdl/adj. 封建的20．ancient/'eɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的21．primitive/'prɪmɪtɪv/adj. 原始的；远古的22．historic/hɪ'stɒrɪk/adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的23．period/'pɪərɪəd/n. 时期，时代24．attack/ə'tæk/vt.&n． 进攻，攻击，侵害25．explode/ɪk'spləʊd/vi. 爆炸26．abolish/ə'bɔlɪʃ/vt. 废除；取消27．representative/ˌreprɪ'zentətɪv/n．代表28．immigrant/'ɪmɪgrənt/n. 移民29．empire/'empaɪə(r)/n. 帝国30．kingdom/'kɪŋdəm/n. 王国31．president/'prezɪdənt/n. 总统；主席32．theMay4thMovement 五四运动33．Opium/'əʊpiəm/War 鸦片战争34．LongMarch 长征35．thecompass 指南针36．gunpowder 火药37．paper­making 造纸术38．printing 印刷术[二积短语顿挫抑扬][课内短语回扣](一)根据汉语写出下列短语1.come_into_view出现 *2.knock_sb._over撞倒某人3．once_upon_a_time_从前 4.block_out_堵住5．in_a_way_从某种程度上说 6.name_...after_以……命名*7.come_across偶然遇见；被理解 *8.hold_up支撑起；延误，推迟*9.count_on_依靠；指望；确信 10.figure_out_理解11.end_up以……结束 *12.put_up_with容忍，忍受*13.in_particular特别，尤其 14.refer_to查阅；提到；涉及；提交15.on_the_way_to在去……的路上 16.now_that既然，由于(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子1．Iwastoldthatanoldladyhadbeenknocked_overbyatruckwhencrossingtheroad.2．Whencooperatingwithothers,weshouldlearntoput_up_withtheirshortcomingsandtrytodiscovertheirstrengths.3．Whenyoucome_acrossanydifficultyinyourlife,don'tgetdiscouragedeasily.4．Shelovesthesongin_particular,_becausehermotherusedtosingit.5．Youaremybestfriend.IknowIcancount_onyouforgoodadvicefromtimetotime.6．Womenareplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinsociety—theyhold_uphalfthesky.[话题短语积累]1．inpeace 和平2．atwar 交战3．turnagainst 背叛4．serveinthearmy 服役5．defend...against... 防御……6．datebackto 追溯到7．datefrom 起源于，始于8．breakout 爆发9．inmemoryof 为了纪念……10．haveahistoryof 有……的历史11．declarewaron 对……宣战12．votefor/against 投票支持/反对13．onbehalfof 代表14．cometopower 上台执政15．inthelongrun 从长远来看16．Chinesecivilization 中华文明17．cradleofcivilization 文明的摇篮18．unificationofthecountrybyEmperorQinshihuang 秦始皇统一中国[三积句式写作扮靓][课内句式仿写]1．nowthat引导原因状语从句[例句]NowthatHelenunderstoodthekeytolanguage,shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.[仿写]既然你知道我有麻烦，如果你能伸出援助之手我将感激不尽。Now_thatyouknowIamintrouble,Iwouldappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.2．Itis/was＋the＋序数词＋time(＋that)．..[例句]ItwasthefirsttimeHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch.[仿写]我感到有点紧张，因为那是我第一次在公众面前演讲。Iwasfeelingabitnervousbecauseit_was_the_first_time_thatIhadgivenaspeechinpublic.3．形容词(短语)作状语[例句]Andsothedaywenton,untilfinallyIclimbed,tiredandashamed,intobed.[仿写]又饿又累，我得停下好好歇会儿。Hungry_and_tired,_Ihadtostoptohaveagoodrest.[话题佳句背诵]1．Tangaccomplishedsplendidachievementsintheareasofpolitics,economy,militaryaffairs,culture,foreignrelationsandsoon.唐朝在政治、经济、军事、文化、中外关系等方面都取得了辉煌的成就。2．Inancienttimes,thefastwaytotravelwastorideahorseorcarriage.在古代，最快的旅行方式是骑马或坐马车。3．AtthebeginningoftheTangDynastyintheseventhcentury,thelanterndisplayswouldlastthreedays.在七世纪的唐朝初年，彩灯的展示会一直持续3天。4．Onlywhenthesystemhasbeenabolishedwillitbepossibletoabolishpoverty,unemploymentandwar.只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。[四背语段语感流畅]Atrafficaccidentoccurredat5pmyesterday.Anine­year­oldgirlwasknockedoverbyatruckandwaskilledonthespot.Hearingthenews,thegirl'smotherburstoutcrying.Shedidn'tknowhowitcameabout.Thewitnesstoldthepolicethatthedriverabandonedhistruckandescapedfromthespotwhilefindingthegirlwasdead.Allthepeoplegatheringatthespotcouldn'tputupwiththedriver'scruelty.Andtheyallcountedonthepolicetocatchthetiresomedriverassoonaspossible.昨天下午五点发生了一起交通事故。一个九岁的小女孩被一辆卡车撞倒并当场死亡。听到这个消息，小女孩的母亲放声大哭起来。她不知道怎么会发生这种事。目击者告诉警察当卡车司机发现小女孩死亡后弃车逃离了现场。所有聚集在现场的人们都无法容忍卡车司机这种残忍的行为。他们都指望警察尽快抓住那个可恶的司机。[第一板块重点词汇突破][师生共研词汇]1．abandonvt.放弃，遗弃；沉湎于(某种情感)n．[U]放任，放纵[经典例句]Thegamehadtobeabandonedduetothebadweather.(朗文P2)由于天气不好，比赛不得不终止。(1)abandononeselfto 沉溺于……，纵情于……abandondoingsth. 放弃做某事(2)withabandon 纵情地，放任地(3)abandonedadj. 被遗弃的，废弃的；无约束的①Inspiteofdifficulties,themayorneverabandonedreforming(reform)educationsysteminourcity.尽管困难重重，市长从未放弃在我市进行教育改革。②Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarmswithabandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。③Youshouldn'tabandon_yourself_tosmokinganymore,whichmayruinyourbodysoonerorlater.你不能再沉迷于抽烟了，抽烟迟早会毁了你的身体。2．preservevt.保护，保存；维护n．动植物保护区[教材原句]Inaway,Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.从某种程度上说庞培古城如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上被封存的瞬间。(1)preservesb./sth.fromsth. 保护……免受……preservesth.＋adj. 把某物保存得……(2)naturepreserve 自然保护区(3)preservationn. 保护，保存①Althoughithaswitnessedsomanyhistoricalchanges,theGreektempleremainswellpreserved(preserve)．尽管历尽沧桑，这座希腊寺庙仍保存得很好。②Itisourdutytopreserve_the_environment_from_being_polluted/pollution.保护环境免受污染是我们的义务。③Thepaintingsareinanexceptionalfinestateofpreservation(preserve),whichareofgreatvaluetohistoricalstudy.这些画保存完好，它们对历史研究有很大的价值。[联想发散]preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve意为“保留；预订”。3．witnessvt.目击；见证vi.为……作证n．目击者；证人[高考佳句]Overtheyear,shewitnessedgradualchangesintheclass.(2015·广东高考读写任务)一年来，她目睹了班里逐渐发生的变化。(1)witnessfor 为……作证witnessto(doing)sth. 证明/作证(做)某事(2)beawitnessto 目击，看见；为……提供证据give/bearwitnessto 为……作证/证明①Shewitnessedto_having_seen(see)themanenterthebuilding.她作证说看到此人进了那栋楼。②Thefollowingmonthswas_a_witness_to_myefforts,andIfinallymadegreatprogressinanotherimportantexam.后来的几个月见证了我的努力，我最终在另一个重要考试中取得了很大的进步。③Willyougive_witness_totheagreementbetweenus?您作为我们协议签署的见证人可以吗？[名师点津]witness作动词时，常用拟人化的方式陈述事实，即用事物名词直接作主语，表述既简洁又形象。有类似用法的动词还有see,find等。④Tokyowillwitnessthe2020OlympicGames.2020年奥运会将在东京举行。4．occur(occurred,occurred)vi.发生，出现；被想起[教材原句]TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th,79AD.那次火山爆发发生在公元79年8月24日。sth.occurs/occurredtosb. 某事被某人想起Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that... 某人想起……Itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth. 某人想起做某事①Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation,youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowtheideaoccurs_toyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)除了你奇妙的创意作品外，你需要提交一份报告，解释你怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。②It_occurred_to_him_thathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要的会议。③Isupposeit_didn't_occur_to_you_to_phonethepolice.我想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。[联想发散]“某人想起……”结构还有：①sb.thinksofsth. ②sth.strikes/hitssb.③itstrikes/hitssb.that... ④sb.hitson/uponsth.⑤estosb./mind5．burstvi.爆炸，冲，闯；突然出现vt.使破裂；使爆炸n．爆发，突发[教材原句]Thebuildingexplodedbecauseagaspipehadburst.因为天然气管道破裂，这幢楼爆炸了。(1)burstinto/in 突然闯进；破门而入burstout 突然迸发；爆发burstintotears/laughter＝burstoutcrying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑burstwithanger/joy/grief 勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝(2)aburstof 突发的响声；情感的突然爆发①Whenitcametothesadpart,shecouldn'thelpbut_burst_into_tears.当谈到伤心处她情不自禁地哭起来。②Heburst_into/inwithoutknockingatthedoor，whichmademeveryangry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。③Hisappearanceontheplatformwasgreetedwitha_burst_of_applause.他在讲台上的出现，被致以一阵热烈的掌声。6．discouragevt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻[教材原句]Weoughttobefocusingondiscouragingkidsfromsmoking.我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们吸烟上。(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth. 阻止某人做某事(2)discouragementn. 阻止；泄气；挫折(3)discouragedadj. 泄气的；气馁的be/getdiscouraged 变得灰心，泄气discouragingadj. 令人泄气的①Myfatherisalawyer,andhediscouraged_me_from_enteringthefield.我父亲是一位律师，他不让我从事这个行业。②Sparenoefforttoacquireknowledgeandneverget_discouragedeasilynomatterhowdifficultthesituationmaybe.(2015·福建高考书面表达)不管形势有多么困难，一定要不遗余力地获取知识，不要轻易地灰心泄气。③Thefailurewasabigblowtohim,buthewasn'tdiscouraged(discourage)andsoongotasenthusiasticasever.(2015·福建高考单选)这次失败对他来说是一次不小的打击，但是他没有气馁，很快就像以前那样乐观了。7．eageradj.渴望的，热衷的[教材原句]NowthatHelenunderstoodthekeytolanguage,shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的语言并且尽可能多地使用它。beeagerforsth. 渴望某事物beeagertodosth. 渴望做某事①Theoldmaniseagerto_come(come)backtohishometownafterlivingabroadformanyyears.在国外生活了这么多年，这位老人非常渴望回到自己的家乡。②Coldandhungry,hewas_eager_forfoodandwarmth.又冷又饿，他渴望食物和温暖。[联想发散]表示“急切盼望(做)……”的短语还有：①longfor/todosth. ②bedying/anxiousfor/todosth.③behungry/thirstyforsth. ④bekeenon/todosth.[自主练通词汇]1．expandvt.&vi.扩大，扩充补全句子①Theymaintainthattravellingcanhelpthemexpand_their_scope_of_knowledge(扩大知识范围)．②Hehopesthathisstorecan_be_expanded_into_a_supermarket(可以扩大成一家超市)．2．lossn．遗失；丢失单句语法填空/补全句子①Thearmywasforcedtowithdrawaftersufferingheavylosses(lose)．②Policearesofarata_losstoexplainthereasonforhisdeath.③Ihavefelta_sense_of_loss(失落感)eversincethedeathofmywife.④Thecompanymade_a_loss(亏损)of￡250,000initsfirstyear.3．gathervi.&vt.聚集；集合；收集单句语法填空/补全句子①Theharvesthasbeensafelygatheredinthisyear.②Onhearingtheirteachercallingthem,theyallgatheredaroundhimquickly.③Debbiegatheredupourclothesincaseofrain.④Thebikegathered_speed(加速)asitcoasteddownthehill.⑤OnthenightoftheMid­AutumnDay,peoplegather_together(聚在一起)eatingmooncakesandappreciatingthefullmoon.⑥Itookafewmomentstogather_my_thoughts(整理思绪)beforegoingintothemeeting.4．significancen．重要性，意义；意思，含义句型转换/补全句子①Thefactorysetuptheyearbeforeisverysignificanttothisarea'seconomy.→Thefactorysetuptheyearbeforeisofgreatsignificancetothisarea'seconomy.②Obviously,peoplealloverChinaattach_great_significance_to_(认为……有重大意义)the19thNPC.[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn'tgetdiscouraged(discourage)rightafterfailures.2．Knowinghersonwaskilledinthewar,sheburstwithgrief.3．Didn'titeveroccurtoyouthatonedayyouwouldbefiredbecauseofyourcarelessness?4．Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.5．Theorganizationwassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.6．Manyyoungpeopledecidedtoabandonbuying(buy)housesinbigcitiesbecauseofthehighhouseprice.7．Fewpeoplerealizedthesignificance(significant)ofthediscovery.8．Heisalwaysatalosswhattosayinfrontofstrangers.9．Gatheringaroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.10．Thelittlegirlisextremelyeager_to_know_(know)theresultoftheexam.Ⅱ.单句改错1．ThereferencebookIboughtyesterdayisofgreatsignificanttoyourhistory.significant→significance2．Asastudent,youshouldn'tabandonyourselftoplayInternetgames.play→playing3．Withhermoneylost,shewasatlosswhattodo.at后加a4．Everyoneintheroomburstintolaughingwhentheysawhisfunnyo→out或laughing→laughter5．Allherstrengthdrainedoutwhenshewasdiscouraginginwhatshewasdoing.discouraging→discouraged6．Itwasoccurredtohimthatheshouldleavehometotryhisfortuneinthecity.去掉wasⅢ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)1．Hearingthis,thewholeclassburst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing(突然大笑起来)andmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.2．Parentsshoulddiscourage_their_children_from_smoking(阻止他们的孩子吸烟)atanearlyage.3．Eager_to_see_her_friends(急于要看到她的朋友),shetookataxihomeratherthanrodeabike.4．Inthisnature_preserve(自然保护区),wehavetakeneffectivemeasurestopreserve_our_natural_resources_from_being_damaged(保护自然资源免遭破坏)．5．越来越多的人沉溺于抽烟，这对他们的健康造成很大危害。①Anumberofpeopleare_lost_in_smoking,_whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.(lost)②Anumberofpeopleare_addicted_to_smoking,_whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.(addicted)③Anumberofpeopleabandon_themselves_to_smoking,_whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.(abandon)6．他忽然想到这个女孩才是他的真爱。①It_hit/struck_him_thatitisthegirlthathetrulyloves.②It_occurred_to_him_thatitisthegirlthathetrulyloves.[第二板块短语、句式突破]1．comeacross偶然遇见；被理解[高考佳句]Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn'tseenforyears.(2016·天津高考单选)沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。comeout 出现；出版；结果是comeabout 发生comeup 发生，出现；走近；被提出comeupwith 提出，想出cometo(oneself) 苏醒whenitcomesto(doing)sth. 当谈及(做)某事①Whenitcomestoexchanging_(exchange)ideasandfeelingwitheachother,healwayskeepssilence.当说到彼此交流意见和想法时，他总是保持沉默。②Howdiditcome_aboutthatthemanwasdismissed?那个人被解雇了是怎么回事？③Whenisthenewedition_coming_out?新版什么时候出版？[联想发散]表示“偶遇”的短语还有：runacross,meetwith,comeupon,meet...bychance/accident,happentomeet等。2．holdup支撑起；承受住；延误，延迟，推迟；举起[教材原句]Shebecamequitefamouswhensheinventedanewwayofholdingupsuspensionbridgesduringthebuildingprocess.她因在建造过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。[一词多义]写出句中holdup的含义①Haditnotbeenforthepostalstrike,myhomelettermightnothavebeenheldup.延误②Howdoesheholdupundersucharesponsibility？承受住③Thefactoryhaveironpillarsallovertheplaceholdinguptheroof.支撑起④Toshowthis,shehelduponechopstick,representingoneperson.举起holdon 挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断holdonto 紧紧抓住；守住，保住holdback 阻挡，抑制；拦阻；隐瞒；控制holdout (在困境中)坚持，坚守；伸出；维持，持续holdoff 推迟，延迟⑤Canyouhold_on?I'lltrytofindher.你能等一下吗？我尽力去找她。⑥Jimheld_backhisangerandavoidedafight.吉姆忍住了怒气，避免了一场斗殴。3．counton依靠，指望；期望，料想[教材原句]Herfatherthoughthewasadmirablebecausehebuiltbridgesyoucanreallycounton.她父亲认为他是令人钦佩的，因为他建造了你确实能信赖的桥。countonsth./sb. 指望/依靠某事/某人countondoingsth. 指望做某事countonsb.todo/doingsth. 指望/依靠某人做某事count...in/out 把……算入/不算入countdown 倒计时，倒数countsb./sth.as/tobe... 认为某人/某物是……①Youcancountonhimto_finish(finish)thetaskaheadofthedeadline.你可以指望他在截止日期前完成这项工作。②Ifyouaregoingouttonight,you'llhavetocount_me_out.假如你们今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。③Weare_counting_downthedaystotheendofthissummerholiday.这个暑假已经在倒计时，快要结束了。[名师点津]counton和dependon,relyon在表示“指望，依靠，依赖”时意思和用法相同，但dependon还有“取决于”之意。4．Now_thatHelenunderstoodthekeytolanguage,shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。(1)nowthat“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，而且that可以省略。①Now_thatyouhavemadeupyourmind,let'sgetstarted.既然你已经下定了决心，那我们就开始吧。(2)引导原因状语从句的常用词分为两类：单词引导词主要有because,as,since等；短语引导词主要有nowthat,inthat,seeingthat,considering(that)等。②Considering(consider)thathisskinisexposedtothesunforsolong,itislikelytogetskincancer.他的皮肤长期暴露于太阳下，很可能得皮肤癌。③Thisexperimentisworthtrusting_in_that_itisbasedonscientificfacts.这个实验值得信赖，因为它是建立在科学事实基础之上的。[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.用come短语填空(comeupwith/comeup/comeacross/comeabout/comeout)1．Icame_acrossanolddiarywrittenbymygrandpa.2．Isthatthebestexcuseyoucancome_up_with?3．Howdidthissituationcame_aboutisstillamystery.4．Thequestionofwageincreasescame_upattheboardmeeting.5．Apocketeditionofthedictionarywillcome_outsoon.Ⅱ.用hold短语完成下面语段(holdback/holdout/holdup)Wewereveryworriedatthenewsthattherescuevehicles1.were_held_up(被阻滞)ontheroad.What'sworse,thefoodwasrunningoutandcouldn't2.hold_out(坚持)forlong.Inordertostabilize(使稳定)themoodofeveryone,we3.held_back(隐瞒)thebadnewsforthetimebeing.Ⅲ.补全句子1．Itis(high)timethatweshould_take/took_measures_to_improve_people's_living_situation(采取措施提高人民生活条件)．2．Wegottothedestinationofourtrip,safe_and_sound(安全无恙)．3．Now_that_you_have_known_the_truth(既然你已知道了真相),Idon'tneedtoexplainit.4．Itisthefirsttimethathehas_been_praised_by_his_teachers(受到老师们的表扬)．Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译/句式升级1．Hemanagetocountonhimselftoworkouttheproblem.→Hemanagetorely/dependonhimselftoworkouttheproblem.2．Theywillhavetostand/bearthemiseryoflivinginconstantfearofwar.→Theywillhavetoputupwiththemiseryoflivinginconstantfearofwar.3．Don'tpromiseanythingunlessyou'reabsolutelysure.→Don'tpromiseanythingifyouarenotabsolutelysure.4．Sinceitiscoldoutside,youcan'tgooutsideunlessfullycoveredinthickclothes.→Nowthatitiscoldoutside,youcan'tgooutsideunlessfullycoveredinthickclothes.5．我们只能依靠他来赢得这次竞赛了。①Wecanonlycount_on_him_to_win_the_competition.(countonsb.todo)②Wecanonlycount_on_it_that_he__wins_the_competition.(countonitthat...)③Wecanonlycount_on_him__winning_the_competition.(countonsb.doing)6．我昨天找一本书的时候偶然发现了这张老照片。①Icame_across_this_old_photographwhenlookingforabookyesterday.(comeacross)②Iran_across_this_old_photographwhenlookingforabookyesterday.(runacross)③Ifound_this_old_photograph_by_chance/accidentwhenlookingforabookyesterday.(find...bychance/accident)7．Allthephotographsinthisbook,unlesstheyarestatedotherwise,datefromthe1950s.(改为省略句)→Allthephotographsinthisbook,unlessstatedotherwise,datefromthe1950s.eq\a\vs4\al([课堂双线提能]课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接)提能一用课文词汇写高分作文eq\x(putupwith，huddle，comeintoview，nowthat，it'sthefirsttimethat)1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)①我正走在回家的路上，这时路边一位乞讨的老人映入了我的眼帘。Iwaswalkinghomeandatthistimeanoldmanwhowasbeggingbytheroadcame_into_view.②他在街角处蜷缩成一团，感到又冷又饿。Hehuddled_at_the_street_cornerandfeltcoldandhungry.③他还得忍受别人的冷嘲热讽。Hehadtoput_up_withindifferenceandridiculefromothers.④他告诉我那是他第一次感到陌生人的温暖。Hetoldmethatit_was_the_first_time__that_he_had_feltthewarmthfromastranger.⑤既然每个人都会变老，那么我们为什么不能好好善待我们的父母呢？Now_thateveryonewillgetold,whynottreatourparentskindly?2．升级平淡句(1)用“bedoing...when...”句型升级句①I_was_walking_home_when_an_old_man_who_was_begging_by_the_road_came_into_view.(2)用形容词(短语)作伴随状语升级句②He_huddled_at_the_street_corner,_cold_and_hungry.3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：inaddition,afterthat)Iwaswalkinghomewhenanoldmanwhowasbeggingbytheroadcameintoview.Hehuddledatthestreetcorner,coldandhungry.Inaddition,hehadtoputupwithindifferenceandridiculefromothers.Ididn'tfigureouthowhearrivedhere.Washeabandonedbyhisownsonsanddaughters?Withouthesitation,Itriedmybesttohelphim.Hetoldmethatitwasthefirsttimethathehadfeltthewarmthfromastranger.Afterthat,Iwasdeepinthought:nowthateveryonewillgetold,whynottreatourparentskindly?提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——过去分词作后置定语]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD,aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.本句中calledPliny为过去分词作定语修饰writer，另外，that引导定语从句修饰eruption。这些植物通过空气吸取的是一种以挥发性有机物即缩写为VOC的混合性化学物质。真题长难句Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)本句中主语为Whattheplantspumpthroughtheair这一主语从句，amixtureofchemicals是表语，knownas...short是过去分词短语作后置定语。“历史故事”是“历史与地理”的子话题。考生学习和了解一定的历史知识，不仅能让他们从过去的人物身上和历史事件中得到启发，还能提高他们的历史底蕴和文化修养，有利于考生的身心健康成长，此话题在高考中常以记叙文和说明文为主的阅读理解、完形填空和写作中出现。一、话题与语篇[考题示例](2016·北京高考)ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,Alaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch__36__asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(传染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe__37__ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.__38__，theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown's__39__wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn'tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn'ttravelonthe__40__roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn'texistyet.__41__January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twentymorewere__42__.Nome'stownofficialscameupwitha(n)__43__.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby__44__fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers”—would__45__ittoNomeinarelay(接力)．TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.__46__hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon'sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto__47__afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost__48__partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould__49__，andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowblockedhis__50__.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕迹)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto__51__thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen'sleaddog.Baltoputhisnosetotheground,__52__tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto__53__.Hehadfoundthetrail.At5：30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdogs__54__inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.Nomehadbeen__55__.36．A.examined B．warnedC．interviewed D．cured37．A.harmless B．helplessC．fearless D．careless38．A.Moreover B．ThereforeC．Otherwise D．However39．A.airport B．stationC．harbor D．border40．A.narrow B．snowyC．busy D．dirty41．A.From B．OnC．By D．After42．A.tired B．upsetC．pale D．sick43．A.plan B．excuseC．message D．topic44．A.air B．railC．sea D．road45．A.carry B．returnC．mail D．give46．A.Though B．SinceC．When D．If47．A.enter B．moveC．visit D．cross48．A.shameful B．boringC．dangerous D．foolish49．A.escape B．bleedC．swim D．die50．A.memory B．exitC．way D．destination51．A.find B．fixC．pass D．change52．A.pretending B．tryingC．asking D．learning53．A.run B．leaveC．bite D．play54．A.gathered B．stayedC．camped D．arrived55．A.controlled B．savedC．founded D．developed[策略指导](一)这样读文1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏由首句“ItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,Alaska.”可知本文是一篇记叙文。读文时重点关注与记叙文体相关的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨结合文中“Alask,thatmonth,thetown,January,February”等和“cutoff,deadlyinfectiousdisease,medicine,struck,recovered”等关键信息词可知文章是一篇关于“治病救人”的记叙文。本文的行文脉络如下：(二)这样做题[名师解题]语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了1925年因大雪与外界隔绝的阿拉斯加诺姆市雪上加霜，孩子们感染了致命的白喉病。为了挽救孩子，勇敢的赶狗拉雪橇的人们与死亡赛跑，冒着生命危险，日夜兼程，把急救药品从1000多英里远的地方运到镇上，最终疾病得到控制，孩子们得救了，诺姆市也得救了。36．选A联系空后的sick以及“knewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectiousdisease”可知，韦尔奇医生给患病的孩子Billy做检查(examine)。examine“检查”；warn“警告”；interview“采访”；cure“治愈”。37．选B前文提到diphtheria(白喉)是一种致命的儿童传染病，如果该病席卷诺姆市的话，那么这儿的孩子们就很无助(helpless)了。harmless“无害的”；helpless“无助的”；fearless“无畏的”；careless“粗心的”。38．选D空前讲到韦尔奇医生急需药品以防止其他孩子患病，空后提到最近的药品供应在1000多英里远的地方，因此前后为转折关系，故用however。moreover“而且”，表递进；therefore“因此”，表结果；otherwise“否则”，表假设；however“然而”，表转折。39．选C联系后文的byship可知，此处是说该市的港口(harbor)已经结满了冰。airport“机场”；station“车站”；harbor“港口”；border“边界”。40．选B联系文章首段中的“heavysnow”可知，由于大雪，诺姆市与外界隔绝，所以汽车和马无法在满是雪的(snowy)道路上行进。narrow“狭窄的”；snowy“多雪的”；busy“繁忙的”；dirty“脏的”。41．选C联系后文的haddied可知，此处表示的是“到1月26日为止，Billy和其他三个孩子已经病逝了”，故选by“在……之前，到……为止”。42．选D前文提到“Billy和其他三个孩子已经病逝了”，所以此处表达的是“还有20个孩子患病了(sick)”。tired“疲倦的”；upset“烦恼的”；pale“苍白的”；sick“患病的”。43．选A联系后文的接力运送药品可知，诺姆市政府官员提出了解决方案，想出了一个计划(plan)。plan“计划”；excuse“理由”；message“口信”；topic“话题”。44．选B联系下一段中的“fromthetrainatNenana”可知，药品通过铁路(byrail)从Anchorage运送到Nenana。byair“乘飞机”；byrail“乘火车”；bysea“由海路”；byroad“由公路”。45．选A联系上下文语境我们知道，通过接力，赶狗拉雪橇的人们把药品运送(carry)到诺姆市。carry“运送”；return“归还”；mail“邮寄”；give“交给”。46．选C结合上下文语境可知，当Shannon赶了一整夜的路把药品传给下一位时，他冻得脸色乌青，故选C项。though“尽管”；since“自从……以来”；when“当……的时候”；if“如果”。47．选D联系后文内容我们知道，另一位赶狗拉雪橇者Seppala途中必须穿过(cross)一片冰冻水域。enter“进入”；move“移动”；visit“参观”；cross“穿过”。48．选C联系后文中的“sometimesbreakupwithoutwarning”我们知道，这片水域的冰块有时会在没有任何警告的情况下发生破裂，因此是危险的(dangerous)。shameful“可耻的”；boring“乏味的”；dangerous“危险的”；foolish“愚蠢的”。49．选D根据上下文语境可知，如果掉入冰冻的水中，他会死掉(die)，药品也就送不到，诺姆市的那些患病的孩子们就会死去。escape“逃走”；bleed“流血”；swim“游泳”；die“死去”。50．选C联系前文的“hugepilesofsnow”和后文中的“getaroundthem”可知，巨大的雪堆一度阻挡了Kaasen前进的道路(way)。blockone'sway“阻挡某人的道路”。memory“记忆”；exit“出口”；way“道路”；destination“目的地”。51．选A联系前文中的“leavethetrail”可知，情况如此恶劣，以致他无法找到(find)雪橇走过的痕迹。find“找到”；fix“确定”；pass“经过”；change“改变”。52．选B结合上下文语境可知，领路狗把鼻子凑到地面上，努力(try)寻找其他沿着雪橇痕迹经过的狗的味道。pretend“假装”；try“努力”；ask“请求”；learn“学习”。53．选A联系上文可知，Balto是领路狗(leaddog)，再根据常识可知，狗发现了雪橇痕迹，自然在前面跑(run)起来，以起到领路作用。run“跑”；leave“离开”；bite“咬”；play“玩耍”。54．选D联系前后文内容可知，Kaasen最终安全地到达(arrivein)了诺姆市，将药品交给韦尔奇医生。gather“聚集”；stay“停留”；camp“宿营”；arrive“到达”。55．选B联系前文内容可知，药品送到了，疾病得到了控制，孩子们得救了，诺姆市也