2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号82

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

考查动词辨析。initiate开始；创始：发起（及物动词，其后不需跟介词）；originate起源；发生；embark着手；从事；上船或飞机；commence开始（可充当不及物动词，后跟介词in）；着手。空格后有介词in，因此D项正确。

2.单选题

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere（）.

问题1选项

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在她觉得受到侮辱后，企图劝她留下来是徒劳的。

考查短语辨析。innoway决不；onthecontrary正相反；ataloss亏本地；困惑不解；ofnoavail无效;不起作用；徒劳的。根据前半句句意“在她觉得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。

3.单选题

Thepresident's（）remarksinhisspeechmetwithalotofattacksfromothercountries.

问题1选项

A.offensive

B.impressive

C.permissive

D.expressive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:总统在演讲中的攻击性言论遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击。

考查形容词辨析。offensive攻击的，冒犯的，令人不适的；impressive令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；permissive许可的，自由的，放任的；expressive表现的，有表现力的。根据题干关键词“遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击”可知A符合句意。

4.单选题

Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion（）avarietyofanswers.

问题1选项

A.defies

B.magnifies

C.mediates

D.evokes

【答案】D

【解析】句意:当人们被问及他们需要或想要什么样的住房时，这个问题引起了各种各样的回答

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的三单形式。defy藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；magnify放大：赞美；夸大;mediate调停；evoke引起；唤起。该动词的宾语是avarietyofanswers(各种各样的回答)，由此可知D项符合句意。

5.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockages(堵塞)thatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

问题3选项

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofbadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtooneanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。第一段指出:butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule(但是路上的礼貌问题正变得令人恐惧。你或许容忍粗鲁且不顾别人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机却是规则的一个例外)。由此可知D项“司机的行为”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。该句意思为:你或许容忍粗鲁且不顾别人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机却是规则的一个例外。以及前面一句指出:但是路上的礼貌问题正变得令人恐惧。由此可知，C项“如今不礼貌的司机构成了司机中的大多数”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。goodsense本意指“有理智”，可参考第二段:Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors(当遭遇不文明的行为时，需要最冷静且好脾气的司机去抗拒报复的诱惑)。因此B项“司机去理解且合理地反应的能力”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词car-ownershipexplosion定位至最后一段:Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers(多年前，专家们就警告过我们:汽车的持有率的激增会向所有道路使用者要求更多互让)。由此可知A项“司机应该准备去相互让步”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段指出:However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous(然而，不恰当的礼貌也可能是危险的)。由此可推测A项“司机应该恰当地使用道路礼貌”为正确选项。

6.单选题

Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

问题1选项

A.atlength

B.infull

C.onend

D.intime

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。选项A：atlength“最后，详细地”；选项B：infull“全部，充分，充足”；选项C：onend“连续地；竖着”;选项D：intime“及时”。由题意可知，选项C正确。句意：为了给那本新词典写序，这两位学者昨晚连续花了三个小时。

7.单选题

Inthe（）oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.

问题1选项

A.face

B.time

C.course

D.event

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果项目不成功，投资者损失将高达3000万美元。

考查短语辨析。inthefaceof面对;inthetimeof在时期；inthecourseof在……期间；在……过程中；intheeventof万一；如果。根据后面句意“投资者损失将高达3000万美元”可知D项正确。

8.单选题

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

问题2选项

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

问题3选项

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

问题4选项

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

问题5选项

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:Visionics公司生产了最好的人脸识别软件来增强机场的安全性。B:Visionics的股票价格上涨。C:机场对软件很满意。D:Visionics的软件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，领先的制造商Visionics发布了一份情况说明书，解释其技术如何增强机场安全)。但并不能证明A项跟D项正确。第三句说到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股价飞涨)。因此B项正确。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的机场开始安装该软件并进行测试)。但这并不能说明C项正确。因此答案为B。

第2题:判断推理题。第二段意思为:然而，伴随软件试用结果出现，该软件的光彩逐渐消逝，无论你或许对面部识别软件听说过什么，Visionics这家大公司的面部识别软件都不如宣传的那样好。因此C项“该软件结果是无效率的”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。题干问的是:根据美国国防部的说法，这个系统的致命缺点是什么?A:太多假警报被拉响。B:每个人都要直视镜头。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在机场被发现。D:每个人都应该伪装自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(这些测试发现，要在机场抓获90%的嫌疑人，人脸识别软件必须发出大量虚假警报)。因此A项正确，C项不正确。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三个人中就有一个被拖拉出候机的队伍，而这种比例是基于每个人都直视镜头且不做任何努力掩饰自己的情况)。由此可知B项跟D项只是文中提及的实验的条件，而非致命缺点。

第4题:判断推理题。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(问题在于从现场监控提取的嫌疑犯的脸纹不可能与数据库里的每一个细节相匹配)。因此，使得人脸识别系统难以有效工作的原因是B项“电脑里的面纹从不与真人的面纹完全相同”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控诉和反控诉之后，尽管没有一个人能识别真相，但是该行业或许很快不得不面对现实)。由此可知B项“该行业应该认清现实，改善技术”正确。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesenvisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual.

2.LikethestoneofRomanwall,whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregulardesignandbythepowerfulRomancement,thevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassiveentitybyphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.

3.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline,howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?

4.TheharmonyofmanandnatureintheflowofthegreatstreamofrhythmmakestheChinesegardenmorethansomethingmerelysecular.ItistruethatnoonewouldlookupontheChinesegardenasareligiousstructure.

5.Weanticipateapersonallosswillbemorepainfulthananidenticalgainwillbepleasant,sothebenefitofwinningmustbedisproportionatelylargeforustotakeabet.

【答案】1.人类学家在十九世纪末二十世纪初提出的最为广泛接受的理论认为戏剧是神话和仪式的产物。

2.就像通过常规设计和强有力的罗马水泥而结合在一起的罗马城墙上的石头，罗马王国的各个部分通过身体的、组织的和心理的控制而被结合成一个巨大的实体。

3.当这种破坏性活动在网上进行时，在虚拟世界中几乎完全无法追查的情况下，如何追究犯罪者的行为责任？

4.在有韵律的极好的溪流的流动中人与自然的和谐让中国园林不只是一些世俗的东西。确实没有人会将中国园林看成是一种宗教的建筑物。

5.我们预料，相比一个完全相同的收获带来的愉快，一个人的损失带来的不快更多，因此对我们去打赌而言，获胜的好处一定是不成比例地大的。

10.单选题

Hewaseasilyhurtbecausehisfeelingswerevery（）.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.senseless

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他很容易受伤，因为他很敏感。

考查形容词辨析。sensible明智的；合乎情理的；能感觉到的;sensational轰动的；耸人听闻的;sensitive敏感的；senseless愚蠢的;无意识的。根据前半句句意“他很容易受伤”可知C项符合句意。

11.单选题

Basedonaccumulatedsocialresearch,therenowcanbelittledoubtthatsuccessfulandwelladjustedchildreninmodernsocietiesaremostlikelytocomefromtwo-parentfamiliesconsistingofthebiologicalfatherandmother.Alternativefamilyformswhichareattempted,suchassingle-parentandstepfamilies,havebeendemonstratedtobeinferiorinchildoutcomes.Therecentmovementawayfromthetwo-natural-parentfamilyhasledtoconsiderablesocialmalaiseamongtheyoung,nottomentionsocialdecayingeneral.

Itcanbearguedthatchildwell-beingwouldbeenhancediffamilieslivedamongcare-givingrelativesandinsupportivecommunities,butthishasbecomeanever-diminishingsituation.Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible.Thestatehastriedtofillthevacuum,burwithoutmuchsuccess.Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory.

Constitutingoneofthegreatestdilemmasfacedbymodernsocieties,however,isthefactthatnuclearfamiliesthemselvesarebreakingapartdramaticallyhighrates.Thechancesinsomesocietiesarenowlessthan50to50,thanksmainlytodivorceandbirths,hatachildwilllivecontinuouslytoadulthoodwithbothnaturalparents.Thisisdespitethefactthat,unlikeintimespast,parentsnowalmostlivetoseetheirchildrenreachmaturity.

Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged.Notsolongagomarriagewasaneconomicbondofmutualdependency,asocialbondheavilyupheldbyextendedfamilies.Today,marriageisnoneofthese.Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport;extendedfamilypressuresonmarriageshaveallbutvanished;andmodernsocietieshavebecomeincreasinglyunconcernedwithreligions.Marriagehasbecomeapurelyindividualpursuit,animpliedandnotveryenforceablecontractbetweentwopeople;arelationshipdesignedtosatisfybasicneedsforintimacy,dependencyandsex.Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved.Moreover,moreoftheeverydayneeds,traditionallymetbymarriage,canbemetinotherdays,suchasthroughthemarketplace.

Withitssurroundingandsupportingsocialstructurescollapsing,cantherebeanyhopethatthenuclearfamilycanberevived?Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind.Iftheevolutionarybiologistsarecorrect,humanbeingsareapair-bodingspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingfamilyformsmaybeidealforachild'swell-being?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetrendofmodernfamiliestoday?

3.Thehighbreak-uprateoftwoparentnuclearfamiliescanbeattributedto（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherevivalofnuclearfamilyis（）.

5.Theword"affluence"(Paragraph4)isinsimilarmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.Extendedfamily

B.Single-parentfamily

C.Stepfamily

D.Nuclearfamily

问题2选项

A.Easily-dissolvedpartnership.

B.Ever-diminishingcohesiveneighborhood.

C.Decreasingnumberofextendedfamilies.

D.Husbandandwifeheldinpassiveobedience.

问题3选项

A.socialdecayingeneral

B.custompressure

C.collapseoftheeconomicbondofmarriage

D.thecompletelydifferentnatureofmarriage

问题4选项

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.hopeless

D.mournful

问题5选项

A.wealth

B.health

C.culturalrefinement

D.modernconveniences

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory(因此，双亲核心家庭在今天对儿童和整个社会可能比历史上任何时候都更加重要)。由此可知，如今对孩子成长最理想的家庭模式是two-parentnuclearfamily(双亲核心家庭)。故选D。

第2题:细节事实题。A:容易破裂的婚姻。B:不断疏远的邻里关系。C:大家庭数量减少。D:处于被动服从地位的丈夫和妻子。第二段指出:Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible(从历史角度看，大家庭数量大幅缩水，紧密的邻里关系也变得更加疏远，而且这种发展趋势是不可逆转的)。因此B跟C项属于现代家庭的趋势。第四段指出:Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved(当这些需求发生改变，或者当一位看似更加合适的伴侣出现后婚姻就会很容易破裂)。因此A项也是现代家庭的趋势。只有D项未在文中体现，本题选D。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段:Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged(高离婚率的一个根本原因是婚姻的本质发生了改变)。因此D项“婚姻本质发生改变”正确。

第4题:观点态度题。最后一段指出:Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind(是的——希望的基础在于人类基本的生理和心理构成)。由此可见，作者对于核心家庭的复兴的态度是积极乐观的。

第5题:词义题。根据题干定位至第四段:Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport（女性对经济的追求及政府的支持已取缔了这一经济纽带)。由此可知，affluence表示与“经济状况”相关的意思。因此A项“财富”正确。

12.单选题

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyofknowledge.

问题1选项

A.shoreup/reservoirs

B.accedeto/consumers

C.participatein/recipients

D.compensatefor/custodians

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语及名词辨析。shoreup“支持，支撑，加固”；reservoir“水库，蓄水池”；accedeto“加入，同意，就任”；consumer“消费者，用户，顾客”；participatein“参与，参加”；recipient“接受者，受体”；compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”；custodian“管理人，监护人”。句意：计算机程序可以通过迫使学生参与学习而非仅是知识接受者的方式来提供信息。因此C项符合句意。

13.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto（）thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：simplify“简化，使单纯”;选项B:modify“修改”；选项C：verify“核实，查证”;选项D：rectify“矫正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意义上对于偏离正常轨道的矫正，因此与题意更切合，所以选项D正确。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮助他们扭转局面呢?

14.单选题

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics（）inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:从基督教和西方的野蛮王国中出现了中世纪政治的形态，而从该形态中又依次演变出了我们现代世界的政治形态。

语法题。考查从句引导词。空格后是一个定语从句。前面的主句中，FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地点状语，因此在定语从句中，fromwhich作状语与前面的from形成对应，evolved作谓语，thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主语。

15.单选题

AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymore（）insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaandIndia.

问题1选项

A.conservative

B.confidential

C.comprehensible

D.consistent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:尽管亚洲国家在社会习俗上普遍比西方国家保守，但中国和印度都有几位女性领导人的典型例子。

考查形容词辨析。conservative保守的；confidential机密的；获信任的；comprehensible可理解的；consistent始终如一的，坚持的。此句后半部分表示:中国和印度都有几位女性领导人的典型例子，而且前面用了转折让步连词although，因此A符合句意。

16.单选题

Withallthisworkonhand,he（）tothecinemalastmight.

问题1选项

A.mustn’tgo

B.wouldn’tgo

C.oughtn’tgo

D.shouldn’thavegone

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。句意：因为手头有这些工作要做，他昨晚不该去看电影的。由句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，故选D项，表示“本不该去看电影”。

17.单选题

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-loving,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing"organizationman"withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatis,thosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached.)Everysocietycreatesthetypesof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmoreandwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

问题1选项

A.anaffluencesocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

问题2选项

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople'spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

问题3选项

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisafollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

问题5选项

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提出了问题:物质进步和人们的幸福之间是否有联系？随后通过列举Sweden的例子进行了回答:TheexampleofSweden...isnotveryencouraging(发生在瑞典的例子却并不是那么振奋人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子说明了物质的富裕与人们的幸福之间没有直接联系。因此D项“幸福与物质福利没有多大关系”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。A:更关注如何充分发挥人的潜能。B:不重视物质生活而更重视精神生活。C:视物质财富为生命中最重要的事。D:已经绝对掌控世界。第三段指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofmannotanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结。但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了)。以及:...manisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(人死了，活着的是组织和机器；人成了它们的奴隶，而不是主人)。由此可知，A项和D项错误。B项不符合原文所述。因此C项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。第三段开头先是介绍了18、19世纪人文思想家的观点:thegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch(人生的目标是充分展示个人潜在的能力；对他们来说重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值)。而后指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结)。此后是转折部分:Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了。现如今，不仅是‘上帝已死’（尼采在19世纪所说），而且人也已经死了，活着也就是组织机构和机器。并且人已经变成了这些机构和机器的奴隶而不是主人)。由此推测，作者支持18、19世纪人文思想家的观点，但是作者并未表现出对经济成果的偏倚态度。故选B。

第4题:细节事实题。作者在第四段结尾提出问题:Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?(我们这个大规模的、官僚主义的工业化社会需要的是什么样的人群呢?)。而在最后一段对这种人群进行了说明:whosetastesarestandardized(品位标准化)。以及:...yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected(乐意被指挥，乐意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知现代社会需要的人是一些墨守成规的人，故选C。

第5题:判断推理题。文章开头提出:大多数人认为物质发展给社会带来了诸多幸福，但是作者持相反态度。接下来便是论证观点:物质财富并不能带来欢乐，本文是评论性质的文章，故选D项。

18.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。

考查名词辨析。assurance保证;担保;encouragement鼓励；persuasion劝服；confirmation确认;证实。因此B符合句意。

19.单选题

（）theadvancesofthescience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.

问题1选项

A.Asfor

B.Despite

C.Except

D.Besides

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管科学在不断发展，老年时期的不安感仍然未被消除。

考查介词辨析。句子前半部分表示:科学在不断发展，后半部分表示:老年时期的不安感仍然未被消除。因此前后部分为让步关系，答案为B项。

20.单选题

Theconference（）afullweekbythetimeitends.

问题1选项

A.mus