2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号93

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

问题2选项

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

问题3选项

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

问题4选项

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

问题5选项

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要点？’文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站：一个独特的观测站，用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以，这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘跨南极山脉的东西有何不同？’根据文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”，美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘如果南极西部冰盾消失，结果会是什么？’根据文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南极西部冰盖消失，大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘关于干河谷，下列哪个是真的？’根据文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科学家认为，它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章最适合的标题是？’文章谈论南极洲科研考察的重要性，以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题，所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。

2.单选题

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheirpart,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngandold,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

问题1选项

A.interpreting

B.interpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.beinginterpreted

【答案】B

【解析】非谓语动词的考查。分析句子意思‘它表明了经济的和社会的，最重要的是，政治的变革是如何发挥它们的作用的，因此，如果正确来讲，成百万的人们，不管年轻年老，都能从邮票中找到快乐、知识甚至是利益，这一直都是最忠实反映时代的一面镜子’可知，此处为非谓语动词，且主语和动词interpret之间为被动关系，因此应用被动语态，且应用一般时态，而不是表将来的不定式或正在进行的beinginterpreted，B选项正确。

3.翻译题

ForoveradecadeRoyalDutchShell,alongwithitsJapanesepartners,MitsuiaridMitsubishi.HasbeenstrugglingtocoaxoilandgasoutofthefrozenseasoffSakhalinIsland,inRussian’sfarcast.Overtheyearstheschemehasrunintoenvironmentalprotests,itsprojectedcosthasdoubledto$20billionanditscompletiondatehasreceded.

Butitisnownearlyfinished.Withoilandgaspriceshighandafloodofrevenueimminentitisanoddtimeforthethreeownerstoreducetheirshareholding.Yetthatisexactlywhattheyofferedtodothisweek,bysellingamajoritystakeintheprojecttoGazprom,Russia’sstate-ownedgasgiant.

Gazprom’smastersintheKremlinhavemadenobonesoftheirdesiretokeepbigenergyprojectsinthefamily,sotospeak.RussianofficialshadbeenmakinglifedifficultfortheSakhalinprojectbythreateningdireconsequencesforminorenvironmentallapses.Theshareholders,perhapsmindfulofthefateofYukos,abigRussianoilfirmbankruptedbyover-zealoustaxinspectors,presumablyconcludedthatGazpromwasmakingthem,anoffertheycouldnotrefuse.

Whenitcomestoenergy,VladimirPutin’sRussiaseemspronetoloutishbehavior-despiteconstantclaimsthatRussiaisareliablepartner.InadditiontomuggingYukos,ithasoftenintimidateditsneighborswiththreatstocutofftheiroilorgassupplies.Earlierthisyear,whenLithuania(立陶宛)hadthetemeritytosellanoilrefinerytoaPolishfirminsteadofRussianone,thepipelinethatsuppliestherefinerywithRussianoilsuddenlysuccumbedtoamysterioustechnicalfault.

LastwinterGazpromappearedtoblackmailUkraine’snewpro-Westerngovernmentbycuttingoffthecountry'sgasamidadisputeoverprices.TheepisodesentachillthroughoutEurope,whichreliesonGazpromforaboutaquarterofitsgas.Japan,thefixturerecipientofmostofthegasfromSakhalin,willnowalsofinditselfatGazprom'smercy.

Russia’sgovernment,ofcourse,isnottheonlytotrytogrababiggershareofthetakingsasoilandgaspricesgoup.BritainrecentlyraisedtaxesonproductionfromtheNorthSea.AndRussiahasastrongincentivetorewritetherules,sinceitagreedtogeneroustermsforprojectslikeSakhalinbackinthe1990s,whenithadnomoneytodevelopitsresourcesitselfandwasdesperatetoattractforeigninvestment.Butitsbrutishbehaviorwillprobablybackfire.Thenexttimetheoilpricefallsormoneyrunsshort,itmightenduphavingtoofferevenmoremunificenttermstoluretheoilmenback.

Russiarisksscaringoffinvestorsofallstripes,aswellaspotentialcustomersforitsoilandgas.

Moreover,Russiastillneedstheexpertiseofforeignfirms.Gazpromanditsstart-controlledcounterpartintheoilbusiness,Rosneft,arehopelessatincreasingtheiroutput-exceptbybuyingupotherfh-massetsonthecheap.SotheRussianstate’sinsistenceondevelopingitsoilandgasbyitselfisnotjustbadnewsfortheshareholdersofShell,MitsubishiandMitsui.ItisalsobadnewsforordinaryRussians,whowillnotseeasmuchoilwealthastheyotherwisemight.

Whatexplainstheseself-defeatingtactics?MainlyMr.Putin’sbeliefthatenergyisaweaponwithwhichtorestorethelostgreatnessoftheSovietUnion.NolongerneedRussiaintheWestcap-in-handformoney,asitdidinBorisYeltsin’sday.Nowitcanstandtalloncemore,notleastintheneighboringex-SovietcountriesthatmanyinMoscowhaveneverreconciledthemselvestolosing.

Whenevertheseplacesseemtolooktothewest,stillmoreaspiretojoinsuchWesternclubasNATOortheEuropeanUnion,theRussianshavereactedpetulantly,astheydidearlierthisyearbyimposingtradeembargoesonGeorgiaandMoldova.

【答案】多年以来该项目一再遭到环保抗议，预计成本翻了一番，达到200亿美元，完工日期也推迟了。

随着石油和天然气价格不断上涨，利润也将滚滚而来，但在此时却提出让三家公司减少持股，多少有些不合时宜。

今年早些时候，立陶宛轻率地要把一家炼油厂卖给波兰而非俄罗斯的公司，之后这家炼油厂为俄罗斯输油的管线就突然因为神秘技术问题而中断了。

当再次油价下跌或者缺少资金时，他们恐怕不得不开出更加优厚的条件来吸引石油商。

如今，尽管许多前苏联治下的邻国从未承认失败，但俄国己经东山再起。

4.单选题

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenseswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen'sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople'ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

1.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（

）.

2.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen

（

）.

3.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto

（

）.

4.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph

（

）.

5.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

问题2选项

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen'sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

问题3选项

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraphs

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

问题4选项

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwoman,shouldbethewooer

问题5选项

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问第一段中的“男人对自己的性别角色的确信”表明他们…‘’由第一段第二句“Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.在大量的人类社会里，男性对自己性别角色的确定与他们去实践女性不被允许的活动的权利或能力联系在一起。”确定C选项“对什么被看成是‘男子气概’有清醒的认识”正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘第三段没有提及…’。由第三段中“...takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen'spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.有时采取明显的（将女性）排除在某些职业和社会群体之外的方式；有时采取更微妙的方式去自动怀疑女性自称达到被认为是男性为运行世界这个事业而带来的智力和决断水平的真正性。”确定B选项的“背地里羡慕女性的资料和决断”在第三段中没有提及，符合题意；A选项“阻止女性从事某些职业”、C选项“怀疑是否女性真正打算去在职业上获得成功”及D选项“禁止女性加入某些俱乐部和社会团体”在第三段都有提及。。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘在最后一段的结尾，作者使用了幽默的夸张手法来达到….’。由最后一段第一句“Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology...每个人对原命或自然的乂类生活情况都有一个非常确切的想法，相比考古学，它（即有关人类原始或自然的状况的想法）更多是通过研究幽默的卡通图画来获得的”确定C选项“支持同一个段落第一句话”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘他在最后一段提到穴居人…’。由最后一段第二句“Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology...相比考古学，它（即有关人类原始或自然的状况的想法）更多是通过研究幽默的卡通图画来获得的”确定A选项“基于研究考古学”与原文不符。由最后一段中“Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.在这种基本的自然社会里，男人出去打猎、捕鱼和击退临近的部落，而女人保持炉火不灭（即负责家务）”确定B选项“描述了人们怎样期盼男性去表现”正确。C选项“被作者以一个不相关的笑话而没有考虑”及D选项“证明男人而非女人应该是追求者”在文中没有提及。

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘玛格丽特•米德的引言概括了作者对男女关系的理解的…’。由最后一段中“Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.相比考古学，它（即有关人类原始或自然的状况的想法）更多是通过研究幽默的卡通图画来获得的，但这个不重要，因为它不是作为理论而重要，而是作为一种内心感到的期望的表达，即人们感觉在两性角色区别上什么在根本上是合适。”确定作者赞同MargretMead总结的在社会中男性和女性的角色应该被区分”，所以A选项“赞同”正确。

5.单选题

Becausethemonkeysunderstudyare（

）thepresenceofhumanbeings,theytypically（

）humanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

问题1选项

A.ambivalentabout...welcome

B.inhibitedby...seek

C.unawareof...avoid

D.habituatedto...disregard

【答案】D

【解析】固定短语词义辨析。句意：因为在研究中的猴子们己经习惯了人类的存在，所以它们通常会无视人类观察员而自己弄自己的。A选项ambivalentabout意为“对…是矛盾的”;B选项inhibitedby意为“被…抑制”;C选项unawareof意为“没有意识到”；D选项habituatedto意为“适应于……”。分析题意可知，D选项“适应于”，正确。

6.单选题

Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa（1）underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It（2）coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.

Whydoearthquakeshappen?

Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving（3）(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone

（4）

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)

（5）

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot

（6）thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

（7）

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,

（8）iswhytheyaresodangerousand

（9）

.

Wheredovolcanoeshappen?

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s

（10）

isthin:lava,dustandgases（11）frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,

（12）theycanbesoviolent

（13）

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511（14）volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay

（15）BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud

（16）thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.

Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey

（17）happen,or

（18）wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict

（19）beforetheyhappen.Thiscould（20）manylives.

问题1选项

A.massive

B.significant

C.great

D.grand

问题2选项

A.changed

B.converted

C.destroyed

D.transformed

问题3选项

A.frequently

B.periodically

C.regularly

D.continuously

问题4选项

A.source

B.cause

C.movement

D.reason

问题5选项

A.collideswith

B.confrontswith

C.meetswith

D.faceswith

问题6选项

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.what

问题7选项

A.Generally

B.However

C.Similarly

D.Anyway

问题8选项

A.which

B.it

C.this

D.that

问题9选项

A.irresistible

B.inevitable

C.unaccountable

D.unpredictable

问题10选项

A.surface

B.appearance

C.crust

D.cover

问题11选项

A.burstout

B.flowedout

C.leakedout

D.trickledout

问题12选项

A.and

B.or

C.nor

D.but

问题13选项

A.like

B.for

C.as

D.that

问题14选项

A.living

B.alive

C.active

D.live

问题15选项

A.relatively

B.still

C.hardly

D.gradually

问题16选项

A.beyond

B.on

C.across

D.down

问题17选项

A.might

B.should

C.must

D.areto

问题18选项

A.though

B.whether

C.even

D.else

问题19选项

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.occasions

D.events

问题20选项

A.rescue

B.save

C.preserve

D.shelter

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）形容词词义辨析。A选项massive“大而重的，巨大的”；B选项significant“重要的，暗示的，有含义的”；C选项great“大的，巨大的，非常的，很多的”；D选项grand“壮观的，神气活现的，显赫的”，根据句意可知这里是指“严重的灾难”，A选项正确。

（2）动词词义辨析。A选项change“改变”；B选项convert“改变（某事物）的形式或用途”；C选项destroy“摧毁，毁坏”；D选项transform“完全改变某物外观或特性”，本句句意为‘地震毁坏了海岸线、社区，给太多人带来了死亡’。根据句意可知这里强调“摧毁，毁坏”，C选项正确。

（3）副词词义辨析。A选项frequently“频繁地，屡次，时常”；B选项periodically“周期性地，偶尔，定期地”，C选项regularly“有规律地，经常地，习惯性地，定期地，整齐地,均匀地”；D选项continuously“连续不断地，接连地”，句意‘地球表面一直以来都在“持续”运动，’D选项符合句意。

（4）名词词义辨析。A选项source“来源，根源”；B选项cause“原因，导致某事物发生的事物、人等”；C选项movement“运动”；D选项reason“理由，动机”，根据句意“地球表面的持续运动是导致地震的原因”，表示发生的客观起因应该用cause，B选项正确。

（5）动词短语词义辨析。A选项collidewith“（指运动中的物体或人）猛撞某物或互撞”；B选项confrontwith“使某人面对或正视令人不快、令人头疼等的人/事物”；C选项meetwith“碰见（某人），相逢；D选项"facewith“面对或面向某人/某事物”，由常识和句意‘地震是地壳的不同板块“碰撞”所造成的，’A选项正确。

（6）疑问词词义辨析。A选项how“如何，多少，怎样”；B选项why“为什么”；C选项when“何时，什么时候”；D选项what“什么”，由句意和语境‘科学家已经能分析出地震的原因和预测其发生的地点，只有时间无法确认。’C选项正确。

（7）副词词义辨析。A选项generally“普遍地，一般来说”；B选项however“然而，不过，可是”；C选项similarly“同样地，类似于”；D选项anyway“总之，无论如何”，此处与前一句形成转折，说明地震不一定都发生在断裂带，因此地震很危险且难以预测。所以填表示转折意思的副词，B选项However更符合语境。

（8）非限制性定语从句的用法。句意为“然而，地震并不总发生在断层线上，这就是为什么它们非常危险而且不可预测。”分析句子可知这是个为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的整句话，用which来引导非限制性定语从句，A选项正确。

（9）形容词词义辨析。A选项irresistible“不可抵抗的”；B选项inevitable“不可避免的”;C选项unaccountable“无法解释的，难以说明的”；D选项unpredictable“无法预料的，不可预知的”，句意‘地震的不可预测大大増加它的危险性’，下文中也提到了这个词。D选项正确。

（10）名词词义辨析。A选项surface“表面，表层”；B选项appearance“外貌，外观”；C选项crust“地壳，外壳”；D选项cover“封面，遮掩物”，句意为“火山发生在地壳很薄弱的地方”。这里earth’scrust指的是“地壳”，C选项符合题意。

（11）动词短语辨析。A选项burstout“爆炸，胀破，爆破”;B选项flowout“外流”；C选项leakout“（指情报）泄露，透露”;D选项trickleout“（使某物）成小股流动”，句意为“岩浆、灰尘和气体从地底下喷发出来”，A选项表示爆发出来，正确。

（12）连词词义辨析。A选项and表示并列和顺承关系；B选项or表示选择或“否则”的意思；C选项nor不是；D选项but表示转折关系的连词，本句句意为“它们可以上升到像一座山一样的一个巨大的锥形形状并喷出，或者它们可以非常猛烈以至于毫无预警地直接在地球上爆炸”。分析句子可知，这里是描述火山喷发的两种不同的状态和表现，B选项正确。

（13）so...that...句型的用法。根据句意“它们可以上升到像一座山一样的一个巨大的锥形形状并喷出，或者它们可以非常猛烈以至于毫无预警地直接在地球上爆炸。”可知本句考查S0+形容词+that从句表示“如此……以至于……”，D选项正确。

（14）形容词词义和用法辨析。A选项living当形容词讲意为“活的，现存的，活跃的，逼真的”；B选项alive作形容词意为“活着的，活泼的，有生气的”；C选项active意为“积极的，活跃的，主动的，有效的”；D选项live作形容词意为“活的，生动的，实况转播的，精力充沛的”，句意为“现在世界上有1511座活火山”。这里强调活火山activevolcano，C选项正确。

（15）副词词义辨析。A选项relatively“相对地，比较而言，相当地”；B选项still“还，更，仍”；C选项hardly“几乎不”；D选项gradually“逐步地，渐渐地”，句意为“这就意味着这些火山仍然有喷发的危险。”B选项表示“仍然，还是”正确。

（16）介词词义辨析。A选项beyond意为“超过，越过，那一边，在……较远的一边”；B选项on意为“在……上面，指表面接触”；C选项across表示“从表面穿过”;D选项down表示“沿着”，本句句意为“火山喷发的岩浆使冰川融化，将数吨泥土冲到山下的城镇”。根据句意可知这里强调“沿着”，D选项正确。

（17）情态动词词义辨析。A选项might“可能，也许”，表示推测时语气较委婉；B选项should表示“应该”；C选项must语气较为强烈，表示“必须”；D选项areto表示“打算做”，句意为“自然灾害有可能发生，只是人们并不知道什么时候会发生”。A选项表示语气委婉正确。

（18）even的用法辨析。根据语境可知句意为“我们通常不知道这些自然灾害什么时候可能会发生，甚至不知道它们会在哪里发生。后半句的or部分加深程度；A选项though为引导让步状语从局的连词；B选项whether表示“是否”；C选项even强调程度上的更进一步；D选项else表示“其他的”。根据句意可知C选项正确。

（19）名词词义辨析。A选项accidents“事故”；B选项incidents“事情，发生的事”；C选项occasions“场合，时机”；D选项events“活动，事情”，句意为“科学家们或许能够在事件发生之前观察和预测到”，events此处可泛指所有自然灾害活动，D选项正确。

（20）动词词义辨析。A选项rescue“援救”；B选项save“挽救”；C选项preserve“保护，维护（某事物）”；D选项shelter“遮蔽，庇护”，句意为“在将来，科学们也许能够在自然灾害发生之前观察和预测它们的活动。这将会拯救很多生命”，B选项“挽救”正确。

7.单选题

Althoughtheintellectualandartisticachievementsofthisancientcivilizationwere,evenbymodemstandards,extraordinarily（

）,itsleveloftechnicalandmechanical

developmentwasbynomeans（

）tothatofmodemtechnology.

问题1选项

A.primitive...superior

B.parable

C.primeval...equivalent

D.influential...subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项primitive“原始的，非常的”；superior“出众的，优秀的”;B选项sophisticated“复杂的，精致的”;comparable“可比的”;C选项primeval^原始的”；equivalent

“等价的”；D选项influential“有影响力的”;subordinate“次要的，从属的”。根据句意‘虽然这个古代文明的知识和艺术成就即使按现代的标准也相当有影响力，但是它的技术和机械的发展绝不逊色于现代技术。’D选项正确。

8.单选题

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,allthepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.conscientiously

C.spontaneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副词词义辨析。句意‘如果发生爆炸，飞机上所有的乘客都会丧命，因为这是一个随着飞机起飞会爆炸的定时炸弹。’B选项conscientiously意为“良心上”；C选项spontaneously意为“不由自主地”；D选项instantaneously意为“即刻，马上”，均与句意不符。根据本题的关键词timed可知是与时间有关，A项simultaneously意为“同时地”，符合语境，正确。

9.单选题

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

问题1选项

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

问题2选项

A.Becausesheate