2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号88

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

ThecourtdecreedthatheshouldbetransportedtoAustralia.

问题1选项

A.predicted

B.ordered

C.decided

D.resolved

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。decree表示“颁布法令”；A项predict“预测”，B项order“命令”，C项decide“决定”，D项resolve“溶解”。句意：法院裁定他应该被遣送到澳大利亚。因此B项正确。

2.单选题

StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicate______yieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.

问题1选项

A.althoughitscrustandmantle

B.itscrustandmantleto

C.thatitscrustandmantle

D.foritscrustandmantleto

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。indicate是谓语，后面接一个宾语从句作宾语，A、B、D选项不符合语法，因此错误。句意：对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。因此C项正确。

3.单选题

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A项eliminate“消除”，B项revoke“撤回，取消”，C项modify“修饰”，D项blend“混合，协调”；句意：随着文化的融合和传统的丧失，移民将会被同化。根据句意该题选D。

4.单选题

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastatingtragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.

Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenriselofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity’sTearAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication,todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

AtColumbiaUniversityDr.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforclueslothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.

56.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat______.

57.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Lines6-7,Para,1)referto?

58.“Counterproductive”(Lines7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“______”.

59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?

60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

问题1选项

A.sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B.cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C.cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople

D.onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

问题2选项

A.Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B.Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.

C.Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.

D.Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftear.

问题3选项

A.havingnoeffectatall

B.leadingtotension

C.producingdisastrousimpact

D.harmfultohealth

问题4选项

A.Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.

B.Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.

C.Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D.Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

问题5选项

A.Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B.Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.

C.Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.

D.Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】56.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段可知……”。根据第一段第二句Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed（眼泪，不管是悲伤、愤怒还是喜悦，通常都会使美国人感到不舒服和不好意思）可知A项“流泪会给美国人带来不愉快的感觉”正确；B项“哭泣往往会模仿人，甚至导致悲剧”，文章第一段没有提到哭泣会模仿人，而悲剧不是哭泣导致的，因此B项错误；C项“哭泣通常会赢得别人的同情”和D项“当众流泪的人会受到责备”未提及，因此该题选A。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段第7行讲到‘都对眼泪有反应’指的是……”。第一段第二行提到Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastatingtragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.（流泪的人很可能会道歉，即使是在一场毁灭性的悲剧引发的情况下。哭泣的观察者可能会尽一切可能来结束情感的宣泄），由此可以推断从哭泣行为的研究来看，流泪者的对哭泣行为道歉和观察者对哭泣的阻止是不恰当的，因为疾病和哭泣以及眼泪的化学成分之间存在联系；由此可知C项“流泪者的道歉与观察者努力阻止哭泣”正确。A项“因悲伤而哭泣，因幸福而流泪”这不是boththoseresponsestotears所说的；B项“观察者的尴尬和不悦的情绪”，文中是指美国人会感到不舒服和尴尬，B项错误；D项“将疾病与哭泣联系起来并发现眼泪的化学成分”也不是boththoseresponsestotears所指代的；故该题选C。

58.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段第7行的‘Counterproductive’是什么意思？”。根据第一段最后—句中的boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.可知counterproductive的意思是表示不好的事情，故排除A项“根本没有作用”；B项“导致紧张”在一定程度上是包括在里面的；C项“产生灾难性的影响”程度太严重了，有点过度解读；D项“对健康有害的”最符合题意，故该题选D。

59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“关于哭泣，作者是怎么说的？”。根据第二段第二句中thatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival（哭泣有一种或多种功能可以提高生存能力）可以推断出哭泣对人类的生存有帮助，因此B项“对人类的生存起作用”符合题意。A项“对外界环境无意义的生理反应”文中没有提及；C项“意在引起注意和寻求帮助”，第三段第一句提到Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers（尽管一些观察人士认为，哭泣是一种从他人那里寻求帮助的方式）可知，这只是观察人士认为，不是作者的看法，因此C项错误；D项“通常产生需要的效果”，由第三段第一句的thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp（流泪并不是寻求帮助所必需的）可知D项也不符合。故该题B项正确。

60.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“关于眼泪的新研究可以推断出什么？”。由第四段第一句thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.（新的研究表明，情绪化的眼泪可能在缓解压力方面起着直接的作用）可推断情绪化的眼泪可以缓解压力，因此A项“情感性流泪有减轻压力的功效”符合题意。B项“过多的药物治疗会引发更多的情感性流泪”文中没有提及；C项“在某些案例中，有情感性流泪能导致干眼症的发生”和D项“环境污染物会诱发情感性流泪”，在第六段有提到，根据第六段第三行中的tostudythecausesof"dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants（去研究“干眼综合征的原因及眼科手术的影响，或者甚至在暴露于环境污染物中去测量）以及第五段Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.（其他几个机构的研究人员正在研究眼泪在诊断人类疾病和监测药物方面的用处）可知，C项和D项是用来研究眼泪在诊断人类疾病和监测药物方面的用处的研究内容，因此这两项不符合题意；故该题A项正确。

5.单选题

Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.

问题1选项

A.itgrows

B.whatgrows

C.doesitgrow

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。dependon后面应该接宾语从句。A选项缺少that引导宾语从句；B选项刚好与后面内容组成宾语从句；C和D都是疑问句式，不能选；句意：一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。因此，该题正确答案为B。

6.翻译题

我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆。这一类型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际后果，而教育的后果何其严重！在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“眼泪汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？

【答案】参考译文：

Ihavealwaysconsidereduniversitypresidentstobefar-sighteddecision—makerswhoconductacademicresearchandguidemaindirectionsofeducationratherthanbabysitterswhoareinchargeofstudents’dailylife.Ofcourse,thereisnodoubtthatsucheducatorshaveverygoodintentions.Theproblemis,whenwemakejudgmentsonsomething,whatmatterarenotintentionsbuttheactualconsequences.Andhowserioustheconsequencesofeducationare!Whatcanyouexpecttheuniversitystudentswhoarebroughtupinaneducationalsystemwhichtreatthemlikebabiestodoexceptforseeingthemtoshedtearsinfaceofanactualhardshipproblem?

7.单选题

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive;thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNational.AcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy.BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport,“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions”.

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,prudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

56.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat______.

57.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas______.

58.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,Paragraph4)?

59.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?

60.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause______.

问题1选项

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

问题2选项

A.aguide

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aprotector

问题3选项

A.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

C.Endlessstudieskillaction.

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

问题4选项

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.

C.Takesomelegislativemeasures.

D.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.

问题5选项

A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“吸烟的支持者提出的论点是……”。第一段第三句提到Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflife（反对吸烟的游说将毁掉我们的生活方式）可以推断，吸烟的支持者认为他们有选择自己生活方式的自由，因此C项“人们有自由选择自己的生活方式”符合题意。A项“吸烟与死亡之间没有相关的科学证据”，根据第一段第二句theevidencewasinconclusive（证据缺乏决定性）可知不是没有相关证据，而是证据缺乏决定性，所以A项错误；根据第一段第四句LotsofAmericansthoughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves（很多美国人认为吸烟导致人死亡的说法是胡说，在过去的三十年间，大约1000万吸烟者早逝），可知有大约1000万吸烟者早逝这个数量并不是微不足道的，因此B项“过数十年中早逝的烟民数量微不足道”错误；另外美国人是认为吸烟导致人死亡的说法是胡说八道，而不是禁烟者胡说，因此D项“禁烟者通常都是在胡说八道”也不符合题意。故该题选C。

57.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据BruceAlberts，科学可以作为……”。根据第二段最后一句Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture（但是科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最好指导）可知，科学可以作为指导，因此A项“指导”正确。B项“法官”，C项“批评家”和D项“保护者”都不符合。故该题选A。

58.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者在第四段最后一行说‘分析导致的瘫痪’是什么意思？”。根据第四段第一行提到Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”（但很明显，总统的大多数顾问仍然没有认真对待全球变暖问题。他们没有制定行动计划，而是继续推动更多的研究——一个典型的“分析导致瘫痪”的案例）可知，“分析导致瘫痪”的意思是研究阻止了行动的产生，因此C项“无休止的研究扼杀了行动”符合题意。B项“仔细调查揭示真相”和A项“谨慎计划阻碍进步”没有提到，D项“大量的研究有助于决策”，文中只是提到了更多的研究，没有提到研究有助于决策，故该题选C正确。

59.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据作者的观点，政府应该如何应对全球变暖？”。根据最后一段第三句IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.（如果政府不采取立法措施，国会应该帮助制定保护措施）可知，在作者的观点中，政府应该采取立法措施，因此C项“采取一些立法措施”符合题意。A项“提供支持，建设清洁发电厂”和B项“提高公众保护意识”都是政府的立法措施能够做到的，因此包括在里面；D项“促进更进一步的科学研究”不是作者想要政府做的，前文提到研究扼杀了行动，因此D项错误；故该题C项正确。

60.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者把全球变暖问题和吸烟问题联系起来是因为……”。作者在文章第一段讲述科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而怀疑者们坚持认为证据缺乏决定性；第二段接着讲述现在出现了类似的情况，即全球变暖的问题，科学家们试图让我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁与地球气候变暖主要是人为造成的；第三段讲述就如吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整；由此我们可以推断来自吸烟问题的教训可以运用到全球变暖的问题上，因此B项“吸烟问题的教训可以应用于全球变暖的问题上”符合题意。文中只是提到关于全球变暖的问题政府一直采取研究，没有提到吸烟问题上政府的态度，因此A项“两个问题都受到了政府的疏忽”不符合题意；C项“吸烟的结果使全球变暖问题恶化”，文章只是通过吸烟问题引出全球变暖的话题，因此C项错误；D项“两个问题都变得越来越糟糕了”，文中的确讲到两个问题的严重性，但是作者把两个问题联系起来更多的目的还是通过吸烟的问题引出全球变暖的主题，从而引出吸烟问题的教训可以应用到全球变暖的问题上。故该题B项最符合题意。

8.单选题

Inthelongrun,thenewsystem,whichisuniformandsimpler,willsavemoney.

问题1选项

A.Inthecourseoflongexperience

B.Onaccountoffinancialdifficulties

C.Withtheviewofenrichingthepeople

D.Inthelightofeconomicreckoning

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。Inthelongrun表示“从长远看”；A项Inthecourseoflongexperience“在长期经验的过程中”，B项Onaccountoffinancialdifficulties“因为财政困难”，C项Withtheviewofenrichingthepeople“以富民的观点”，D项Inthelightofeconomicreckoning“根据经济计算”。句意：从长远来看，统一且更简单的新系统将节省资金。因此A项正确。

9.单选题

It’shardtomemorizethroughbruteforcethegroceriesweneedtobuy.

问题1选项

A.rude

B.skillful

C.emphasized

D.abnormal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。brute在句中是“蛮力，强力”，A选项rude“粗鲁的”；B选项skillful“有技巧的”；C选项emphasized“强调的”；D选项abnormal“反常的”。句意：通过蛮力很难记住我们需要买的杂货。根据句意A项正确。

10.单选题

Theambassadorwasgiventhebookasatokenofthegovernment’sregardforhim.

问题1选项

A.anestimation

B.amemento

C.ashare

D.apreview

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。token表示“象征，代表”；A项estimation“尊重，估计”，B项memento“纪念品”，C项share“份额，股份”，D项preview“预览”。句意：大使被授予此书，表示政府对他的关心。因此B项正确。

11.单选题

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

问题1选项

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A项derivefrom“源出，来自”，B项leadto“导致”，C项concurwith“同意”，D项benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天气预报的成功源于应用科学而非纯科学。根据句意该题选A。

12.单选题

You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.

问题1选项

A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarried

C.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。后面的句子用了if虚拟语气，由此可知前面句子是事实，那么前面的句子意思应该是“你本不需要亲自拿包裹”，表示本不必做但事实上已经做了，needn’thavedone（本不必做）正符合句意。句意：你本不必亲自拿这些包裹的。如果你叫售货员，商店就会替你邮寄他们的。故正确答案为B。

13.单选题

Thelifespanofasunfishisshort,______tenyears.

问题1选项

A.moreseldomthan

B.morethanseldom

C.seldommorethan

D.seldomthanmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“不超过，不多于”的表达，一般我们用more/lessthan表示多于/少于，要表示不超过，不少于的时候，就在前面直接加seldom表示否定，不能够改变这个顺序，故只能选择C项。句意：翻车鱼的寿命很短，很少超过十年。因此，该题正确答案为C。

14.单选题

Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.TheUniversityofOklahoma,theUniversityofGeorgia,andTaiwan’sNationalChengchiUniversityeachindependentlyconductedalarge-scaleanalysisofsuchprograms.Allthreeteamsofscholarsconcludedthatcreativitytrainingcanhaveastrongeffect.“Creativitycanbetaught.”saysJamesC.Kaufman,professoratCaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino.

What’scommonaboutsuccessfulprogramsistheyalternatemaximumdivergentthinkingwithboutsofintenseconvergentthinking,throughseveralstages.Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.

SowhatdoesthismeanforAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschools?Thekeyisinhowkidsworkthroughthevastcatalogofinformation.ConsidertheNationalInventorsHallofFameSchool,anewpublicmiddleschoolinAkron,Ohio.MindfulofOhio’scurriculumrequirements,theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.

Workinginsmallteams,thefifthgradersfirstengagedinwhatcreativitytheoristDonaldTreffingerdescribesasfact-finding.Howdoessoundtravelthroughmaterials?Whatmaterialsreducenoisethemost?Then,problemfinding—anticipatingallpotentialpitfallssotheirdesignsaremorelikelytowork.Next,idea-findinggenerateasmanyideasaspossible.Drapes,plants,orlargekiteshungfromtheceilingwouldallbafflesound.Or,insteadofreducingthesound,maybemaskitbyplayingthesoundofgentlewaterfall?Aproposalfordouble-panedglassevolvedintoanideatofillthespacebetweenpaneswithwater.Next,solution-finding:whichideaswerethemosteffective,cheapest,andaestheticallypleasing?Fiberglassabsorbedsoundthebestbutwouldn’tbesafe.Wouldanaquariumwithfishbeeasierthanwater-filledpanes?

Thenteamsdevelopedaplanofaction.Theybuiltscalemodelsandchosefabricsamples.Theyrealizedthey’dneedtopersuadeajanitortocarefortheplantsandfishduringvacation.Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.

51.Thegoodnewsaboutthethreeteams’conclusionisthat______.

52.Accordingtothepassagetheimprovementofdivergentandconvergentthinkingtakeplace______.

53.ThesubjectsoftheprojectinanAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschoolare______.

54.Accordingtotheauthor,theteamsintheschoolprojecthavegonethroughthefollowingstepsexcept______.

55.WhatwasindicatedfromthetactthattheteamspresenteddesignstoJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone?

问题1选项

A.large-scaleanalysishasbeenconducted

B.threeuniversitiesallreachedtheirconclusions

C.creativetrainingcoincidewithnewscienceworks

D.creativetrainingcanbestronglyaffected

问题2选项

A.indifferentstages

B.duringexperiment

C.onweekendworkshop

D.inroutineworkorschool

问题3选项

A.thefifthgraders

B.thescientists

C.thewindows

D.theproposals

问题4选项

A.findingfacts

B.findingplans

C.findingideas

D.findingsolutions

问题5选项

A.Theteamsneedtomakeaconsultation.

B.Theteamswouldliketopersuadehim.

C.Thedesignsoftheteamsreachedahighlevel.

D.Thedesignsoftheteamsgothissupport.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“关于这三个团队的结论，好消息是什么？”。从第一段Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.（好消息是与技术学结盟的创造性训练效果出乎意料的好）和后面三个研究团队得出的结论Creativitycanbetaught.（创造力可以被教授），可以得出关于这三个团队的结论的好消息是创造性训练与新的科技相吻合；A选项“进行了大规模分析”和B选项“三个团队都得出了结论”不是关于结论的好消息，D选项“创造力能够被强烈的影响”不够具体，因此C选项正确。

52.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“分散和聚合思维发生在哪里？”。第二段提到Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.（真正的进步不会发生在周末的研讨会上。但如果应用到日常工作或学习过程中，大脑功能就会得到提高）；由此推断分散和聚合思维发生在日常工作和学习中，A项“不同阶段”没有提到；B项“实验中”包括在学校工作里面；C项“周末研讨会”错误。因此D项正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“课题的主题是什么？”。第三段提到theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.（学校的老师们给五年级的学生们提出了一个课题：如何减少图书馆的噪音。它的窗户面向公共空间，即使关上了仍然有很大的噪音。学生们有四周的时间来设计方案）；由此可知课题是就如何减少图书馆的噪音做方案。A项是“五年级”，B项是“科学家”，C项是“窗户”，D项是“方案”；因此D项正确。

54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“根据作者，在这个项目中，五年级学生团队做以下几个步骤除了……以外？”。第四段讲述的都是五年级团队为这个项目所做的一些行动，文中提到了fact-finding,problem-finding,idea-finding和solution-finding，由此可知只有B项“发现计划”没有提到，所以此题选B选项。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“小组把设计方案提交给JimWest暗示了什么？”。最后一段指出Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.（团队说服了其他团队支持他们，有时候情况好到各团队决定把设计方案结合在一起；最后，他们向老师、家长和电子麦克风的发明者吉姆•韦斯特（JimWest）展示了设计方案），可以推测，他们是想要咨询老师，父母和JimWest的意见，B项“团队说服了Jim”、C项“设计方案达到了更高的级别”和D项“团队得到了Jim的支持”均未提到。因此此题选A选项。

15.翻译题

TheSupremeCourtisthehighestcourtoftheUnitedStates,andtheonlyonespecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.AdecisionoftheSupremeCourtcannotbeappealedtoanyothercourt.TheSupremeCourthasoriginaljurisdictioninonlytwokindsofcases:thoseinvolvingforeigndignitariesandthoseinwhichastateisaparty.AllothercasesreachtheCourtonappealfromlowercourts.AsignificantamountoftheworkoftheSupremeCourtconsistsofdeterminingwhetherlegislationorexecutiveactsconformtotheConstitution.ThispowerofjudicialreviewisdoctrineinferredbytheCourtfromitsreadingoftheConstitution,andforcefullystatedinthelandmarkMarburyvs.Madisoncaseof1803.Thedoctrinehasalsobeenextendedtocovertheactivitiesofstateandlocalgovernments.

【答案】参考译文：

最高法院是美国的最高法院，也是唯一一个由宪法专门设立的法院。最高法院的裁决不能向任何其他法院上诉。最高法院最初只对两种案件拥有司法权：涉及国外显要人物的案件和州作为一方当事人的案件。最高法院受理的所有其他案件均来自下级法院的上诉。最高法院很重要的工作任务就是决定立法或执法是否符合宪法标准。这种司法审查的权利是由最高法院通过解读《宪法》而推断出来的法律原则，并且在具有里程碑意义的1803年马伯里与麦迪逊案得到确定。并且，该理论还扩展到包括州和地方政府的活动。

16.单选题

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

问题1选项

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知此处缺少主语。It做主语，was是谓语动词，theoldestknownmap是表语，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定语。句意：这是已知最古老的地图，大约可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B项正确。

17.单选题

“Morehaste,lessspeed”issayingtwooppositethings.

问题1选项

A.aneppe

B.aquest

C.aparadox

D.aclue

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。oppositethings表示“相反的事情”；A项eppe“击剑运动用的重剑”，B项quest“追求”，C项paradox“悖论，反论”，D项clue“线索”。句意：“欲速则不达”是两种截然相反的说法。因此C项正确。

18.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

46.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.

47.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,______.

48.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach______.

49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFic