2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号60

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Theteacher’spridewasdistraughtwhenhediscoveredthathalfhisclasshad（

）theexam.

问题1选项

A.reassessed

B.disdained

C.flunked

D.redeemed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reassessed对······再评价；disdained鄙视，蔑视；flunked放弃，失败；redeemed赎回，恢复。句意：当老师发现他班上有一半的学生放弃了考试的时候，他的自尊心受到严重打击。由前后语义可知空格处所填单词为贬义词，与考试搭配的最合适的选项是C项。

2.单选题

Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthegoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselvestoexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills.Someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreekoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealournaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirth,andofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness,Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereaction.Whenthiscome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinanynaturalexcellence,Thus,religiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefinewisdomas（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Theauthorofthispassagestatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

（

）.

4.AllofthefollowingtermsmaybeusedtodescribetheconceptofreasonasusedbytheauthorEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforthatwhichisbest

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

问题2选项

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination;reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thepoetryofreligionoftenassumesthatitisthetruth.

问题3选项

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims

C.itdebauchesyoungminds

D.ithasinspiredmankind

问题4选项

A.unemotional

B.orderly

C.reconciledtotheinevitable

D.imaginative

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干中关键词wisdom出现在文章最后一段，恰好词后有破折号“Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood”，当它给人训诫、暗示理想或重塑抱负时，它是一种富有想象力的智慧的替代品：我认为，它是对一切美好事物深思熟虑、不偏不倚的追求。浏览四个选项发现，C选项“一种对最好的事物有目的且无偏见的追求”符合文意。

2.判断推理题。第一段中说到对reason理性的态度“Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.我们遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我们，也不责备我们，除了以事物的真实性质和比例展现出来而自然地激起我们的感情外，它不要求我们有任何感情。”，A选项后半部分“理性在寻找的过程中利用了情感”与文章不符合，因此A选项正确。B选项“宗教已被证明是解决人类问题的一种无效工具”出现在文章第二段“Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.用这种方法（宗教的方法），对生活的真正改善几乎是无能为力的”；C选项“科学寻求对人类问题的渐进解决办法”对应文章第三段“Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.当它解释事件或分配原因时，它是科学的想象替代品”；D选项“宗教的诗歌常常假定它是真理”对应第三段中“Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.生活的目的和条件在宗教中都有诗意的体现，但这种诗意往往把宗教所不具备的字面上的真理和道德上的权威据为己有”。

3.判断推理题。第一段提到题干中两个关键词“religion”和“rationality”。本题问的是宗教的不同之处，因此定位到“religion”相关句“Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.宗教是经验本身的一部分：大量的情感和思想。一个是不可违背的原则，另一个是变化和奋斗的力量。然而，宗教的这种挣扎和变化的力量似乎把人引向某种永恒的东西。它似乎是为了灵魂内部的终极和谐，以及灵魂和灵魂所依赖的一切之间的终极和谐。”对比选项可知，D选项“它鼓舞了人类”符合上述文意。

4.判断推理题。Reason在本文中的定义出现在第一段“Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.另一方面，理性只是一种原则或潜在的秩序，我们确实可以根据它来思考，但它只存在于我们心中，没有任何变化或压力。我们遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我们，也不责备我们，除了以事物的真实性质和比例展现出来而自然地激起我们的感情外，它不要求我们有任何感情。”A选项unemotional“非感情的”，B选项orderly“有秩序的”，C选项reconciledtotheinevitable“接受不可避免的事实”均出现在上述语句中，D选项imaginative“富于想象的”不符合文中表述，不可用来描述reason。

3.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

OnefactorwhichmusthavegreatrelevancehereistheundeniablecircumstancethatthefeudalismofEuropeandChinawerefundamentallydifferent.（1）Europefeudalismwasmilitary-aristocratic:thepeasantryweregovernedbytheknightsintheirmanors,andtheyinturnweresubjecttothebaronsintheircastles,whilethekinginhispalaceruledoverall.Intimeofwarheneededthehelpofthelowerranksinthefeudalhierarchywhowereboundtorallytohimwithstatednumbersofmen-at-arms.HowdifferentwasthefeudalismofChina,longveryjustifiablydescribedasbureaucratic.（2）

ModemresearchisshowingthatthebureaucraticorganizationofChinainitsearlierstagesstronglyhelpedsciencetogrow;onlyinitslateronesdiditforciblyinhibitfurthergrowth，andinparticularpreventedabreakthroughwhichhasoccurredinEurope.Forexample,noothercountryintheworldatthebeginningoftheeighthcenturyADcouldhavesetupameridianarcsurveystretchingfromsouthtonorthsome2500miles.（3）Norcouldithavemountedanexpeditionatthattimetogoandobservethestarsofthesouthernhemispheretowithin

20°Cdegrees

ofthesouthcelestialpole;norindeedwouldithavewantedto.

（4）Itmaywellbethatasimilarpatternwillappearinthefuturewhenthehistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine,forallthegreatclassicalliterarycultures,suchasIndiaorSriLanka,comestobewrittenandgatheredin.Europehasenteredintotheirinheritance,producinganecumenicaluniversalscienceandtechnologyvalidforeverymanandwomanonthefaceoftheearth.OnecanonlyhopethattheshortcomingsofthedistinctivelyEuropeantraditionsinothermatterswillnotdebauchthenon-Europeancivilizations.（5）

Forexample,thesciencesofChinaandofIslamneverdreamedofdivorcingsciencefromethics,butwhenatheScientificRevolutionthefinalcauseofAristotlewasdoneawaywith,andethicschasedoutofscience,thingsbecameverydifferent,andmoremenacing.Thiswasgoodinsofarasitclarifiedanddiscriminatedbetweenthegreatformsofhumanexperience,butverybadanddangerouswhenitopenedthewayforevilmentousethegreatdiscoveriesofmodemscienceandactivitiesdisastrousforhumanity.

【答案】1.欧洲的封建主义是军事贵族式的：农民由庄园里的骑士统治，他们反过来又受制于城堡里的男爵，而国王在他的宫殿里统治着一切。

2.现代研究表明，中国早期的官僚组织有力地促进了科学的发展；其后期则严重抑制了科学的进步，尤其阻碍了中国像欧洲那样的突飞猛进的发展。

3.在当时也没有哪个国家有能力组织一支远征队去南半球探险，对南极20度范围内的星星进行观察，确实也没有哪个国家想那么做。

4.很可能是类似的模式将会出现在未来的历史科学、技术和医学、伟大的古典文学文化，如印度或斯里兰卡，编写和收集。

5.例如，中国的科学和伊斯兰教的科学从来没有想过要把科学从伦理中分离出来，但是当科学革命结束了亚里士多德的最终目标，伦理被驱逐出科学时，事情变得非常不同，而且更具威胁性。

4.单选题

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite（

）them.

问题1选项

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。reflective反射的；沉思的；becomeskepticalof开始非常怀疑······；enamoredof迷恋；becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意：自相矛盾的是，罗宾逊对早期科幻作品价值的过度否认表明她已经开始非常怀疑它们。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合语境。

5.单选题

Ifyourgoalsaregeneral,youshould（

）them（

）intosub-goals,sothatyouhaveascheduleforeachsub-goaltoo.

问题1选项

A.undertake...for

B.minimize...with

C.induct...with

D.pare...down

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配undertake“承担，从事”；induct“引导；感应”；minimize“使减到最少；极度轻视”；pare······down把······消减成······

。句意：如果你的目标太笼统，那么你就应该将它们分为子目标，这样你对每个子目标也有相应的计划表。由句意可知D项正确。

6.单选题

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

（

）.

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown（

）.

问题1选项

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

问题2选项

A.accomplishingwonders

B.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution

C.theartofgettingthingsdone

D.supervisingsubordinates

问题3选项

A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms

B.inthedevelopmentoftheearlyChristianChurch

C.atthetimeofMichaelFaraday

D.intheeighteenthcentury

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第二段中“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?年轻人，这是一个令人着迷的演示，但它究竟会产生什么实际应用呢？”可知B项“人们对纯研究的价值持怀疑态度”正确。

2.判断推理题。定位第四段中“Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.采取这些步骤的速度和效率与管理的历史即完成工作的艺术密切相关。”可知C项“完成工作的艺术”正确。

3.细节事实题。定位到最后一段中“Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses它起源于18世纪的英国，由一系列经典的发明和新工艺引发。”可知D项正确。

7.单选题

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

问题1选项

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。integrated综合的，完整的；precarious不稳定的，危险的；solid结实的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循环系统的关键一环，这些不稳定的小分子是我们生存的基础。根据句意可知B项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystal-linesiliconistheactive,elementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50cpersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarycontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingpairsoftermsdoestheauthorregardasmostnearlysynonymous?

4.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.advocatingincreasedgovernmentfundingforresearchonalternativeenergysources

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

问题2选项

A.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon

C.informthereaderthatanalternativetypeofsolarcellexists

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

问题3选项

A.solarandextraterrestrial

B.photovoltaicdevicesandsolarcells.

C.crystallinesiliconandamorphousmaterials

D.amorphousmaterialsandhigherefficiencies

问题4选项

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.使用太阳能光伏设备的基本问题是经济问题，但直到最近，在开发低成本光伏设备方面几乎没有取得进展。”以及第三段amorphousmaterials的优点可知作者关心寻找低成本的可替代能源。可知D项“描述了光伏电池成本问题的一种可能解决方案”相符。

2.判断推理题从“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsto

makepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.但到目前为止，这些成本明显较低的阵列的效率一直小得令人无法接受。此外，这些材料更便宜只是因为晶体半导体中无序的引入，无序降低了晶体太阳能电池的效率。”由此可以推理，这种尝试改进没有多大的价值，可知A项“尽量减少近期硅太阳能电池改进的重要性”正确。B项“说明非晶态材料优于晶态硅材料”；C项“告诉读者，有一种替代类型的太阳能电池存在”D项“对比晶体硅与多晶硅和带状硅”。

3.判断推理题。由第一段“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarhotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics使用太阳能光电器件的基本问题是经济问题”下文多次用solarcells替代photovoltaicdevices可知photovoltaicdevices和solarcells是同义词。

4.判断推理题。由第三段“Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.这种困境可以通过制备完全无序或非晶态的材料来避免。与晶体材料相比，非晶态材料具有无序的原子结构，即它们只具有短期的有序，而没有晶体的长期周期性。非晶态太阳能电池的优点令人印象深刻。”中的amorphousmaterial的优点以及最后一段中“furtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.进一步的研究无疑会发现成本更低、效率更高的非晶态材料。”可知amorphousmaterial有望成为太阳能的替代能源，故应该增加对其的投资。B项“增加对非晶材料的研究经费”符合题意。

9.单选题

Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonicsbuttoaninvestigationofmarineextinctions.Intheearly1980’s,scientistsbegantolookcloselyatthequestionofhowtheseextinctionsoccur.Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.Theremassextinctionsoccurredatsurprisinglyregularintervals.

Laterstudiesrevealedthatextinctionsofterrestrialreptilesandmammalsalsooccurredperiodically.Thesefindings,combinedwiththeresearchofRaupandSepkoski,ledscientiststohypothesizetheexistenceofsomekindofcyclicallyrecurringforcepowerfulenoughtoaffectlivingthingsprofoundly.Speculationthatsopowerfulaforcemightaffectgeologiceventsaswellledgeologiststosearchforevidenceofperiodicityinepisodesofvolcanism,seafloorspreading,andplatemovement.

1.TheauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelydescribethefindingsofRaupandSepkoskias（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RaupandSepkoski’sresearchwasconcernedwith（

）.

问题1选项

A.Plausible,becausethefindingssupportedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.

B.Significant,becausethefindingswereanimpetusforsubsequentresearch.

C.Controversial,becausethefindingscontradictedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.

D.Questionable,becausetheauthorswerenotworkingintheirfieldofexpertise

问题2选项

A.Determiningthedatesofvariousgeologicevents

B.DefendingtheconclusionsreachedbyRaupandSepkoski

C.Establishingalinkbetweenthedisciplinesofpaleontologyandgeology

D.Explaininghowatheoryconcerninggeologiceventswasformulated.

问题3选项

A.Learningmoreaboutthehabitatsofmarinespecies.

B.Studyingplatetectonicsandtheoccurrenceofvolcanismoverthepast268millionyears

C.Examiningextinctionsofmarinespeciesoverthepast268millionyears

D.Confirmingpreviousevidencesuggestingthatextinctionofterrestrialspeciesoccurredregularly

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由“Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.两位古生物学家，Raup和Sepkoski，编制了一份在过去2.68亿年间灭绝的海洋物种的总清单，并指出，有一段短暂的时期，许多物种同时消失。”这种发现为后面研究带来了巨大的影响。B项“意义重大，因为这些发现是后续研究的推动力。”相符。

2.推理判断题。由第一段第一句话“Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonics...认为重大地质事件可能定期发生这一理论的起源可以追溯到火山活动或板块构造研究。”可以看出全文主要是讲述板块理论如何形成的。

3.细节事实题。第一段“RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.普和塞普科斯基编撰了一份过去2.68亿年间灭绝的海洋物种的总名单，并指出，有一段短暂的时期，许多物种同时消失。”可知他们主要是证明之前的生物灭绝是突然发生的还是具有周期性的结果。C项符合题意。

10.单选题

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

问题1选项

A.inspire

B.provoke

C.suppress

D.satisfy

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspire“激发；鼓舞”；B选项provoke“驱使；激怒”；C选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”；D选项satisfy“满足；说服”。句意：尽管她认为斗牛是一件严肃的事，但在绘画斗牛时，她并没有让敬意······自己的奇思异想。“敬意”与“奇思异想”在本句中应为“抑制与被抑制”的关系，才可体现句中的转折含义。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。disguise掩饰；隐瞒；impede阻碍；阻止；consummate完成；作成；使达到极点；precipitate使沉淀；促成；猛抛；使陷入。句意：新生物精神病学没有否定心理因素的帮助作用可能充当现存生理状况的一种催化剂，从而加速这样的疾病。由mayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditions可推断D符合题意。

12.单选题

You（

）theclasstotellmethat:youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.

问题1选项

A.needn’thaveinterrupted

B.needn’ttobeinterrupted

C.needn’ttointerrupt

D.needn’tinterrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards可知这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故空格处所填单词表示的动作已经发生了，A项表示已经发生完成的动作。故A项符合题意。句意：你本可以课后再过来告诉我那件事情，不必在上课时打断我。

13.单选题

Prehistoricpeoplemadepaintsbygrindingcoloredmaterials（

）intopowderandaddingwater.

问题1选项

A.ifvegetationandclay

B.howvegetationandclay

C.thatvegetationandclayare

D.suchasvegetationandclay

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。分析选项可知vegetationandclay（植物和泥土）属于coloredmaterials，所以空格处所填单词应该是对有色材料的举例，故D项正确。句意：史前的人们通过将彩色材料诸如植被和黏土研成粉末再加水的方式来制作绘画颜料。

14.单选题

ButMcConnellMoorehasalwaysdrawngreatstrengthfromsuchcartoonish（

）,whichhecollectsandthendisplaysonhisSenateofficewall.

问题1选项

A.applauses

B.vituperations

C.condemns

D.appraisals

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。applause“欢呼；鼓掌欢迎”；vituperation“谩骂；坏话”；condemn“谴责；声讨”；appraisal“评价；估