2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号12

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Whileaquarterofmenwashtheircarsonceaweek,fewerthanoneinfivewomencarryoutthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.attribute

B.chore

C.repast

D.jargon

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项attribute“属性，性质，特征”；B选项chore“日常事务，家务活”；C选项repast“餐，饭菜”；D选项jargon“行话，黑话，行业术语”。此处是while引导的让步状语从句，将男性一周洗一次车的人数与女性做这件事的人数相对比，因此选B。句意：四分之一的男性一周洗一次车，而不超过五分之一的女性做这个事务。

2.单选题

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项promise“诺言，许诺”；C选项certificate“证明书”；D选项receipt“收据，收条”。根据maintenance（维修）可知A选项符合逻辑。句意：记得为这些商品要一份质量保修单，否则他们不会提供任何维修服务。

3.单选题

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

问题1选项

A.expanding

B.prolonging

C.stretching

D.extending

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expand“扩大，增加”；B选项prolong“延长，拉长”；C选项stretch“伸展”；D选项extend“延伸”。此处表示“伸展身体”，因此选C。句意：早上的工作做完后，职员们站在桌子后面伸展身体。

4.单选题

Asweareonthepointofsomeimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircredit（

）.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transmit“传送，输送，发射”；B选项transfer“转移，搬迁，调动”；C选项transact“（与人或组织

）做业务，做交易”；D选项transport“运送，运输”。由credit（信用）可知C选项符合语境，credittransacting表示“信用交易”。句意：由于我们正与他们进行一些重要的交易，我们想确切地了解他们的信用交易情况。

5.单选题

Plasticsarethebestinsulatorofelectricity,rubber（

）itclosely.

问题1选项

A.following

B.followed

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的it指代plastic，此处表示rubber紧跟plastic后面，为主动关系，因此选A。句意：塑料是最好的绝缘材料，橡胶紧随其后。

6.单选题

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

4.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’smainpoint?

问题1选项

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

问题2选项

A.wereproducedlargelyasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

问题3选项

A.Expendituresforvariousaspectsofresearcharelisted.

B.Reasonsforsupportingmonopolisticpoweraregivenandthenquestioned.

C.Argumentsarepresentedforminimizingcompetitivebiddingforresearch.

D.Resourcesnecessaryforresearcharedefined.

问题4选项

A.Monopolisticpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmallshareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

问题5选项

A.Inthelastdecade,conglomerateshavesignificantlyincreasedtheirresearchbudgetsfordefensetechnology.

B.Taxrestructuringpermitssmallerfirmstowriteoffalargerpercentageofprofitsagainstresearch.

C.Aten-yearstudyoftheextentofresourcesdevotedtoresearchbysmallerenterprisesrevealsasteadydecline.

D.Militaryresearchisbeingdirectedmoreextensivelytospacetechnologythantoshort-rangemissiles.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段首句提出Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.（人们普遍认为，大型工业的出现伴随着等量工业研究发明的出现）这个观点，紧接着用一项调查结果进行反驳；第二段解释了人们普遍这样认为的理由，然后又对解释进行否定；第三段指出小公司比大型企业在新技术、新产品和创新投资方面更有积极性；最后一段简短地概括大型企业所处的压力竞争。因此B选项“指出关于工业研究程度与工业垄断力量增长之间关系的一种常见误解”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone（最近一项对世纪之交以来重要发明的研究表明，半数以上的发明是个人独立工作的产物）可知C选项“独立发明家产生的发明成果至少和研究团队产生的成果一样”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段解释了人们普遍误解的理由，然后又对其解释进行否定。因此B选项“给出了支持垄断权力的理由，并对其进行了质疑”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.（相比之下，小公司不被工厂和资本设备的大规模投资所吓倒，往往积极追求新技术和新产品，投资于创新，以扩大市场份额）可知D选项“市场份额很小的公司积极地追求创新，因为它们没有被旧的固定设备所束缚”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。作者的主要观点为：大企业的发展与企业的研究程度不是人们普遍认为等量发展关系，相反，小企业比大企业在新技术、新产品和创新投资方面更有积极性。因此C选项“一项为期10年的对小型企业用于研究的投资程度显示，这一数字在稳步下降”符合题意。

7.单选题

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

问题1选项

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。which指代先行词discovery，在从句中作主语，Ithink作插入语时，引导词应放在其前面，因此选A。句意：这位科学家又有了一个了不起的发现，我认为这个发现这对科学很重要。

8.单选题

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

问题1选项

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onview“在展出，陈列着”；B选项ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C选项onthescene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项insight“看得见，在视野内”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语somedistantmountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。

9.单选题

（

）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.

问题1选项

A.For

B.Although

C.As

D.Since

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项for“因为，由于”；B选项thought“虽然，尽管”；C选项as“当……时，随着，照……方式，因为，由于”；D选项since“自……以来，由于，既然”。

由sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence（布道保留了它们的优势地位）与theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces（它们逐渐失去了中心位置）可知前后两句之间表示转折让步关系，因此选B。句意：尽管布道在20世纪的大部分时间里仍然在宗教生活中占据着主导地位，但随着教会将更多的精力投入到社会活动中，布道逐渐失去了中心位置。

10.单选题

Newspapersandmagazinescarryextensive（

）ofdietandhealthtopics,anddietbooksareamongthebestsellers.

问题1选项

A.sketch

B.concern

C.coverage

D.involvement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sketch“素描，速写，草图”；B选项concern“担心，忧虑，关心”；C选项coverage“新闻报道，（书、课程学习、电视等的）信息范围，覆盖范围”；D选项involvement“参与，加入”。由主语Newspapersandmagazines（报纸和杂志）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：报纸和杂志对饮食和健康话题进行了广泛的新闻报道，减肥书籍是最畅销书之一。

11.单选题

Itiswellknownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare（

）freemedicalcare.

问题1选项

A.entitledto

B.involvedin

C.associatedwith

D.assignedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitledto“有权享有，有资格”；B选项involvedin“涉及”；C选项associatedwith“参加，与……有关”；D选项assignedto“被分配给”。根据freemedicalcare（免费医疗）可知A选项符合语境。句意：众所周知，我国退休职工享有免费医疗。

12.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

如果使用得当，恐惧和与之相伴的痛苦是人类和动物拥有的最有用的两样东西。如果火烧到时不会疼痛，孩子们会一直玩火直到烧掉双手。同样地，如果只有痛苦而没有恐惧，一个孩子会一次又一次地用火烧自己，因为恐惧不会警告他远离曾经烧到他的火。一个真正无畏的士兵——的确存在这样的人——不是一个好士兵，因为他很快就会被杀死。而一个死掉的士兵对他的军队没有任何用处。所以恐惧和痛苦是两位保镖，人类和动物没有它们就会很快灭亡。重要的不是让恐惧控制你，而是要用恐惧来做你的仆人和向导。

【答案】Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnthechildtokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.

13.单选题

Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother（

）hecouldspeakFrench.

问题1选项

A.sincethat

B.inthat

C.atthat

D.sothat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项sincethat“从那以后”；B选项inthat“因为，在于”；C选项atthat“而且，因此”；D选项sothat“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因，因此选B。句意：Barry比他妈妈有优势，因为他会讲法语。

14.单选题

（

）excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

问题1选项

A.Theoretically

B.Presumably

C.Incredibly

D.Practically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地，理论上”；B选项presumably“据推测，很可能，大概”；C选项incredibly“极其，难以置信地”；D选项practically“实际上，几乎，差不多”。由ashasbeenproved（如已证实的那样）可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑，即证实推测。句意：据推测，过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果，这已被证实。

15.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项annoyance“恼怒，生气，烦恼”；B选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；C选项offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D选项irritation“生气，气恼”。只有offence可用于短语takeoffenceatsth.表示“对……生气”。句意：记者和摄影师们都对那位演员在采访过程中的粗鲁表现感到不满。

16.单选题

Someoftheonlineservicesarefree,whileothers（

）acharge.

问题1选项

A.carry

B.cashier

C.coincide

D.collect

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示对比关系，由Someoftheonlineservicesarefree（一些在线服务是免费的）可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。

17.单选题

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

问题1选项

A.blushing

B.crushing

C.brushing

D.flushing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项blush“脸红”；B选项crush“压破，压碎”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗”。根据句意可知此处指用热水冲洗，因此选D。句意：排污管被堵住了，试试用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。

18.单选题

Heavysmokersaretwentytimesmorelikelytobe（

）bylungcancerthannon-smokers.

问题1选项

A.gripped

B.stricken

C.attacked

D.ravaged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grip“紧握，抓牢”；B选项strike“击打，碰撞”，指灾难或疾病的爆发；C选项attack“攻击，进攻”，指暴力性的袭击或者战争的攻击；D选项ravage“毁坏”。由lungcancer（肺癌）可知选B符合逻辑搭配。句意：烟瘾大的人患肺癌的几率是不吸烟者的20倍。

19.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔地，偶然”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即”。根据togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发）及句意可知A选项符合逻辑，表示捋头发这个动作偶尔做。句意：在打字时，海伦有一个习惯，偶尔停下来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发。

20.单选题

Shewasso（

）inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom.

问题1选项

A.immersed

B.obsessed

C.submerged

D.suffocated

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项通常用于beimmersedin（沉浸于，埋头于，陷入）；B选项通常用于beobsessedwith（痴迷于，着迷于）；C选项submerge“浸没，淹没”；D选项suffocate“（使）窒息而死，（把……）闷死”。句中的so...that表示“如此……以至于”，根据固定搭配和后面的shedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom（我走进房间时她没注意到我）可知她沉浸于工作中，以至于没注意到我进来，因此选A。句意：她如此沉浸于工作中，以至于我进屋时她都没有注意到我。

21.单选题

Somewomen（

）agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

问题1选项

A.mustmake

B.wouldmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。mustdo表示对现在的肯定的推测；woulddo表对将来的推测；shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做某事却未做，表达一种责备或内疚的语气；couldhavedone表示过去本能够做某事却未做，表示对过去事情的假设。此句是对过去情况的一种推测，因此选D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中挣到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她们决定为了家庭而不去工作。

22.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类知识）可知选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。根据文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）及两种科学的定义，可知显微镜属于纯科学，细胞的发现属于应用科学，即纯科学先于应用科学，因此B选项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。由题干中的“interestedin”可知属于为了满足好奇心，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际方面而被指责）可知A选项“从事理论研究的科学家不应被指责忽略其发现的实际方面”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学的目的与定义，以及两种不同科学家研究科学的目的，因此A选项“科学与科学家的本质”符合题意。

23.单选题

Onestudentafteranother（

）uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

问题1选项

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子，可知“____up”为谓语动词，“toanswertheteacher’squestions”为不定式作目的状语，故排除C、D。one...afteranother（一个接一个）后面的谓语动词应用单数形式，因此选B。句意：学生一个接一个站起来回答老师的问题。

24.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,orcommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor.”Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

【答案】大多数社会的共识来自于悠久的历史、一种完全属于自己的语言、一个共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他们赖以生存的神话就是建立在所有这些基础之上的。但是美国是一个移民国家，其移民来自许多不同的国家。最近，有人强调，孤僻和自恋已经成为美国人的性格特征，正是这种性格导致了幸福感的缺乏，因为它阻止了我们达成共识，有了共识人们才不会再退缩到自我的小天地中。在这项关于自恋的研究中，克里斯托弗•拉什认为现代人“受到自我意识的折磨，其解决办法不是从个人烦恼中解脱出来，而是在生活中找到意义和目的，并找到一生追求的东西。”由于国民士气下降，人们普遍感到不安，我们也失去了早先对国家远景和目标的认识。

25.单选题

Thequestionofsalaryincreasewill（

）atthenextgeneralmeeting.

问题1选项

A.comeoff

B.comeup

C.cometo

D.comethrough

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，离开，举行，实现”；B选项comeup“发生，被提出，被讨论，走近”；C选项cometo“恢复知觉，苏醒”；D选项comethrough“安然度过，批准通过，获得成功”。空格处为谓语动词，其主语为Thequestionofsalaryincrease（增加工资的问题），故B选项符合语境。句意：增加工资的问题将在下一次大会上被提出。

26.单选题

Ifonlythecommittee（

）theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

27.单选题

Iwish（

）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.

问题1选项

A.Iwent

B.Ihadgone

C.togo

D.tohavegone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用would/coulddo表示与将来相反的情况。由“whenIwasinSweden”可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时，因此选B。

28.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit’send.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项符合语境。句意：你的建议对他来说是非常宝贵的，因为他现在束手无策。

29.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

问题1选项

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stretch“拉长，撑大，伸展”，指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长，侧重“形状的变化”.；B选项spread“伸开”，指建筑，道路和时间等的延伸；C选项extend“延伸”，指在空间或时间上延伸，一般有一个大致的延伸方向；D选项squeeze“挤压”。根据gloves（手套）可知此处表示手套太小了，只有把它们撑大才能戴上，因此选A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它们伸展开来，我才能戴上。

30.单选题

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

问题1选项

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

问题2选项

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

问题3选项

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

问题4选项

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

问题5选项

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includ