2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号73

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Nanotechnologyseemstoholdthekeythatallowsconstructionandbuildingmaterialsto（

）thefeaturesofnaturalsystemsimproveduntilperfectionduringmillionsofyears.

问题1选项

A.replicate

B.copycat

C.pirate

D.borrow

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。

句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。

2.单选题

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.scrapped

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scratched

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。scrap意为“废弃，报废”；screw意为“旋紧，拧紧”；scrape意为“刮，擦”；scratch意为“挠，搔，抓”。

句意：他挠他的头，不知如何解决这个问题。

3.单选题

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeaturesortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.

Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.

Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredried-uplakebeds.Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,desertsandplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.

1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?

2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?

3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?

5.WhichstatementbeatdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?

问题1选项

A.LakeTulainyo

B.MojaveDesert

C.DeathValley

D.TheSaltonSea

问题2选项

A.LakeTahoe

B.SierraNevada

C.MountWhiney

D.Alaska

问题3选项

A.About3miles

B.Only100miles

C.282feet

D.14,494feet

问题4选项

A.ThePacificOcean

B.SanJoaquinValley

C.MojaveDesert

D.OregonandWashington

问题5选项

A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.

B.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.

C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandthePacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.

D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.可知美国的最高点（阿拉斯加以外）和最低点（包括阿拉斯加）都在加利福尼亚，MountWhitney（惠特尼峰）为最高点，海拔14,494英尺，DeathValley（死谷）为最低点，海拔低于海平面282英尺。

第2题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia美国（阿拉斯加以外）的最高点在加利福尼亚，可推测就全美国而言，最高点应该是在阿拉斯加，因此选D。需要注意括号中补充说明的地方。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.可知DeathValley与MountWhitney只相距100英里，因此选B。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.可知A、B、C选项都有提及，半径都在100英里以内，因此选D。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚是一个多姿多彩的国家，自然地貌类型丰富，接下来举例具体说明，A、B、D选项在文章都有提及，但不能概括出加利福尼亚的不同地形的特征，因此选C。

4.单选题

Thearchaeologist（

）thatthevasewas1500yearsold.

问题1选项

A.upheld

B.estimated

C.sustained

D.unitized

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。upheld意为“支持”；estimate意为“估计，预测”；sustain意为“维持”；unitize意为“统一（化），组成”。

句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有1500年历史了。

5.单选题

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。

句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。

6.单选题

（

）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhis

assignment.

问题1选项

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。as可以引导原因状语从句，though不能引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语的时候进行倒装，much是用来修饰want的程度副词

句意：因为周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下来完成作业。

7.单选题

“I’dliketohavealookatyourcamerasbeforeIdecideonone.”“Wehaveseveral

models（

）.”

问题1选项

A.foryoutochoosefrom

B.forthechoiceofyours

C.foryourchoice

D.foryoutochoose

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式。不定式作定语修饰severalmodels，此处表示从中选择，因此选A。

句意：“在我决定之前，我想先看看你的相机。”“我们有几个款式供你选择。”

8.翻译题

ThenationsmeetinghereinShanghaiunderstandwhatitisstake.Ifwedonotstandagainstterrorismnow,everycivilizednationwillatsomepointbeitstarget.Wewilldefeattheterroristsbydestroyingtheirnetwork,whereveritisfound.Wewillalsodefeattheterroristsbybuildinganenduringprosperitythatpromisesmoreopportunityandbetterlivesforalltheworld'speople.

ThecountriesofthePacificRimmadethedecisiontoopenthemselvesuptotheworld,andtheresultisoneofthegreatdevelopmentsuccessstoriesofourtime.Thepeoplesofthisregionaremoreprosperous,healthier,andbettereducatedthantheywereonlytwodecadesago.Andthisprogresshasprovedwhatopennesscanaccomplish.

【答案】在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果我们现在不制止恐怖主义，每个文明国家都将在某一时刻成为其袭击目标。我们将摧毁恐怖分子的一切联络，无论他在何地。我们还将通过建立持久的繁荣，为全世界人民带来更多的机会和更好的生活，从而击败恐怖分子。

亚太地区各国决定向世界开放，这是我们这个时代伟大的发展成就之一。与过去仅仅20年前相比，该地区人民的生活更繁荣，更健康，受教育程度更高。这样的进步证明了开放的成果。

9.单选题

Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

问题1选项

A.entail

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。entail意为“牵涉，需要”；manifest意为“显示，表明”；articulate意为“口齿清楚，清晰发(音)”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”。

句意：医生们预计病人活不了多久了。

10.单选题

IftheAmericanswiththeirpeacetalksdogetthepartiestogether,theirfirstbusinesswillbetoarrangea（

）sothatfoodcanmove.

问题1选项

A.truth

B.trace

C.truce

D.trap

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。truth意为“真理”；trace意为“痕迹，踪迹”；truce意为“休战”；trap意为“陷阱，诡计”。

句意：如果美国人的和平会谈使政党团结，他们的第一要务是安排休战，这样食品才能运输。

11.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上可以在有意识的控制下，帮助我们睡眠和感觉更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知选A。

第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知边缘系统（“情感大脑”）特别活跃，梦里的感觉会影响一天的情绪，因此选C，作者是为了说明梦与情绪的关系。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多数人在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，在快醒来之前，会逐渐做一些更开心的梦，这意味着他们在克服白天产生的负面情绪）因此选D。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而该过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们练习有意识地控制反复出现的恶梦）可知D选项“做梦可能并不完全属于无意识”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要梦不使我们无法入睡或从梦中惊醒，就几乎没有理由关注我们做的梦，因此对有时做梦的人来说，像以往正常的生活就行，故选A。

12.单选题

Poorconditions,badhousing,unemploymentandracismtaketheir（

）onblackpeople'smentalhealth.

问题1选项

A.risk

B.harm

C.toll

D.chance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。risk意为“危险，冒险”；harm意为“损害，伤害”；toll意为“（道路、桥梁的）通行费，（战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏”；chance意为“机会，机遇”。

句意：不好的条件、恶劣的住房、失业和种族主义对黑人的精神健康有伤害。

13.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。

第2题:主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。

14.单选题

Thebanknoteswhichhadfooledmanybanktellerswerediscoveredtobe（

）.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.defective

C.counterfeit

D.faulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。artificial意为“人工的，人造的”；defective意为“有缺点的”；counterfeit意为“伪造的，仿造的”；faulty意为“不完美的，有错误的”。

句意：欺骗了许多银行出纳员的钞票被发现是假币。

15.单选题

Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.

问题1选项

A.revive

B.renovate

C.replace

D.remove

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。revive意为“复兴，复苏，重新使用”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；replace意为“替换”；remove意为“开除”。

句意：他们计划一年时间内修复这栋破旧的房子。

16.单选题

Theworldofeducationiscurrentlyundergoingamassivetransformationasaresultofthedigitalrevolution.Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.Intheapprenticeshipera,mostofwhatpeoplelearnedoccurredoutsideofschool.Universalschoolingledpeopletoidentifylearningwithschool,butnowtheidentificationofthetwoisunraveling.

Allarounduspeoplearelearningwiththeaidofnewtechnologies:childrenareplayingcomplexvideogames,workersareinteractingwithsimulationsthatputtheminchallengingsituations,studentsaretakingcoursesatonlinehighschoolsandcolleges,andadultsareconsultingWikipedia.Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.Thesenewlearningnichesenablepeopleofallagestopursuelearningontheirownterms.Peoplearoundtheworldaretakingtheireducationoutofschoolintohomes,libraries,Internetcafesandworkplaces,wheretheycandecidewhattheywanttolearn,whentheywanttolearn,andhowtheywanttolearn.

Whowillbenefitultimatelyfromthisrevolution?InAmericathereisacommercialpushtoselleducationalproductstoconsumerswhoarelookingforanedgeupintheraceforsuccess.ThismeansthattechnologicalproductsandservicesarepoppingupallovertheAmericanlandscape.Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.WethinkschoolshaveservedAmericaandtheworldverywell.Wegreatlyadmiretheteacherswhohavededicatedthemselvestohelpingchildrenfromdifferentbackgroundstolearnandthriveinachangingworld.Schoolshavemadeinvaluablecontributionstotheworld'sdevelopmentandwethinktheywillcontinuetodosowellintothefuture.

However,wethinkitistimethateducatorsandpolicymakersstarttorethinkeducationapartfromschooling.Educationisalifelongenterprise,whileschoolingformostencompassesonlyagesfiveto18or21.Evenwhenstudentsareinschoolmuchoftheireducationhappensoutsideofschool.Weallknowthattechnologyhastransformedourlargersociety.Ithasbecomecentraltopeople'sreading,writing,calculating,andthinking,whicharethemajorconcernsofschooling.Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.

Thecentralchallengeiswhetherourcurrentschoolswillbeabletoadaptandincorporatethenewpoweroftechnology-drivenlearningforthenextgenerationofpublicschooling.Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.

1.Whatcausedtheemergenceofuniversalschoolinginthe19thcentury?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2ndparagraphabouttheauthor'sviewonnewtechnologies?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thedigitalrevolutionisbeneficialfor（

）.

4.Theword"periphery"inthe4paragraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedigitalrevolution

B.theindustrialrevolution

C.thelearners'identification

D.thenewapproachtoeducation

问题2选项

A.Theonlineeducationwouldreplacethetraditionalcolleges.

B.Theleadingpositionofuniversitiesandschoolsmightbeunderthreat.

C.Thecomputersimulationcouldprovideworkerswithmoreopportunities.

D.Thelearningstrategiesandstyleswouldbedecidedbynewtechnologies.

问题3选项

A.theteachersinschoolsandcolleges

B.thebusinessmenstrivingforsuccess

C.thestudentsoutsideschoolsandcolleges

D.thebetter-offpurchasingeducationalproducts

问题4选项

A.theoutsideboundary

B.thespecialsites

C.theinnercircle

D.therelateddepartment

问题5选项

A.topresentthepowerofnewtechnologies

B.todescribethetransformationoflearningapproach

C.toadvocatethereformofeducationintheageoftechnology

D.toanalyzetheintegrationofnewtechnologiesintoschooling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.（这种转变类似于19世纪工业革命后从学徒制向普及教育的转变）可知选B。

第2题:观点态度题。由文章第二段中Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.（新技术创造了挑战传统学校和大学的学习机会）可知B选项“大学和学校的领导地位可能受到威胁”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.（教育曾经被视为人人享有平等机会的公共利益，现在出售给那些能够负担得起专门服务和计算机程序的人）可知选D，作者认为，数字革命有利于较富裕的人购买教育产品。

第4题:词义题。theoutsideboundary意为“外界”；thespecialsites意为“特殊地点”；theinnercircle意为“核心集团，内圈”；therelateddepartment意为“相关部门”。由Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.（然而，技术一直保存在学校的外围，大部分只在专业课程中使用）可知选A。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了数字革命给教育带来的改革，学校教育受到挑战。由最后一段中Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.（如果学校不能成功地将新技术融入学校教育，那么过去150年来发展起来的对学校教育的长期认同就会消失。将进入一个富裕的学生在公立学校之外继续学习的世界）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导科技时代的教育改革，因此选C。

17.单选题

Whywasthesuggestionthatshe（

）toourpartyrejectedthedaybeforeyesterday?

问题1选项

A.beinvited

B.tobeinvited

C.beinginvited

D.hasbeeninvited

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在表示“建议、要求、命令、意愿”等意义的名词，后面跟的表语从句中和同位语从句中谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略，因此选A。

句意：为什么前天她受邀参加我们聚会的建议被拒绝了？

18.单选题

Aseducationalsystembecomeuniversal,moreandmorepeoplewereexposedtoabstractlearningratherthantothepractical（

）ofspecificskills.

问题1选项

A.transportation

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.translation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。transportation意为“运送，运输”；transaction意为“交易，业务”；transmission意为“传播，传递”；translation意为“翻译”。

句意：随着教育体系的普及，越来越多的人接触到抽象的学习，而不是具体技能的实际传授。

19.单选题

Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto（

）nofurtherwithit.

问题1选项

A.progress

B.proceed

C.march

D.promote

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。progress意为“进步”；proceed意为“进行”。proceedwith意为“继续做”；march意为“”（坚定地向某地）前进；promote意为“促进，推进”。

句意：当我们接到命令不再继续进行下去时，这项工作几乎完成了。

20.单选题

Youshouldtryto（

）yourambitionandbemorerealistic.

问题1选项

A.reserve

B.restrain

C.retain

D.reclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，储存，保留”；restrain意为“抑制，压抑”；retain意为“保持”；reclaim意为“开拓，开垦”。

句意：你应该控制你的野心，更现实一点。

21.单选题

People'stastesinrecreationdifferwidely.Atarecentfestivalofpop-musicintheIsleofWight,crowdsofteenagersflockedtolistentotheirfavoritesingersandmusicians.Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.Theywerepackedtogetherlikesardinesforfourdays.Therewereinnumerablethieves,agangofroughstriedseveraltimestobreakthingsupandpolicewereeverywhere.Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.Mostpeoplewouldconsidertheseconditionsanightmareofdiscomfort,thefansappearedtoenjoyitallenormously.

EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry,wherepeoplewithmoretraditionaltastescangoforquiet,andforthesenseoffreedomtheyderivefromcontactwithnature.Inthenationalparksespecially,moderndevelopmentofhousingandindustryisstrictlycontrolled.Visitorsmaywalkformilesthroughlandscapeofthegreatestbeautyandwildness,andoftenofconsiderablehistoricorscientificinterest.Alongthecoastsofsomeofthemaritimecounties,publicpathwayshavebeencreated,thesepathsstretchformanymilesalongcliffsthatlookoutontheAtlanticOceanortheEnglishChannel.Anotherpath,lyinginland,goesalongtherangeofmountainsinthenorthofEngland.ItiscalledthePennineWay.Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.

Yetfewpeoplemakefulluseofthenationalparksestablishedforeveryone'sbenefit.Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by（路旁停车处）.Apicnicbasketisproduced,alongwithafoldingtableandchairs,akettleandaportablestove.Theythensettledowntoapicnicinthelay-bybesidethecar.Apparentlytheirideaofenjoymentistogetintothefreshairandamongstthecountrysightsandsoundswithouthavingtowalka