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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

AfterthreeweeksoffruitlesshagglingwithPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahu,theObamaadministrationhasgivenupitseffortstopersuadetheIsraeligovernmenttofreezeconstructionofJewishsettlementsfor90days,asenioradministrationofficialsaidTuesday.

ThedecisionleavesMiddleEastpeacetalksinflux,withthePalestiniansrefusingtoresumedirectnegotiationsabsentamoratoriumtheUnitedStatesstrugglingtofindanotherformulatobringthembacktothetable.Itisanothersetbackinwhathasprovedtobeastar-crossedcampaignbyPresidentObama.

Theadministrationdecidedtopulltheplug,officialssaid,becauseitconcludedthatevenifMr.Netanyahupersuadedhiscabinettoacceptafreeze—whichhehadnotyetbeenabletodo—the90-daynegotiatingperiodwouldnothaveproducedtheprogressoncoreissuesthattheUnitedStatesoriginallyhadsought.

AdministrationofficialsdidnotofferaPlanBtorevivethetalks,andanalystssaiditwasnotclearthattheadministrationhadone,beyondageneralcommitmenttokeeptalkingtotheIsraelisandPalestiniansaboutthemajorissuesthatdividethem:borders,securityandthestatusofJerusalem,amongothers.

Apreviewoftheadministration’snextmovecouldcomeinanaddressonMiddleEastpolicythatSecretaryofStateHillaryRodhamClintonisscheduledtodeliveronFridayattheBrookingsInstitution.Buttheadministration’sstrategyappearedtobeunsettled.

“Wisely,inmyview,theadministrationisbendingtoreality,”saidRobertMalley,apeacenegotiatorintheClintonadministration,“Themostlikelyscenarioisthatthismoratoriumwasgoingtobuythemashortreprieve,andwasthengoingtoplungethemintothesamecrisistheywereinbefore”.

NeithertheIsraelisnorthePalestiniansissuedaresponsetothenews.ButadministrationofficialssaidtheUnitedStatesmadethedecisionafterconsultationsbetweenMrs.ClintonandMr.Netanyahu.Thetwohadhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreeze,whichMr.NetanyahulatersaidhecouldnotselltohiscabinetwithoutwrittensecurityassurancesfromtheAmericans.

Thoseassurances,whichincluded20F-35stealthairplanesandanAmericanpledgetovetoanti-IsraelresolutionsattheUnitedNations,wereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.Whilethatpackageisnowoffthetable,anofficialsaid,hereiteratedthattheUnitedStateswouldcontinuetoprotectIsrael’ssecurityandfighteffortstochallengeitslegitimacyininternationalorganizations.

Intheshortrun,analystssaidthefailureraisedquestionsaboutMr.Netanyahu’scapacitytonegotiateafinaldeal.

ButthePalestiniansalsoshiftedtheirposition,insistingthatasettlementfreezemustincludeEastJerusalemaswellastheWestBank.Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.TheUnitedStatesneveraskedMr.NetanyahutoexpandittoJerusalem,andanalystssaidMr.Netanyahuwouldneverhavebeenabletopersuadehisright-wingcabinettogoalongwithit.

Therewerealsodeeplydivergentviewsaboutwhatthetwosideswoulddiscussduringthe90days,officialssaid.ThePalestinianswantedthetalkstofocustightlyonthebordersofafuturePalestinianstate.Mr.Netanyahuresistedthat,sayingthetwosidesmustdiscussthefullgamutofissuesratherthanjustborders.

Mr.ObamabegandirectnegotiationswithgreathooplainearlySeptember,butthetalksgroundtoahaltwithinweeksovertheissueofsettlements.Aftermeetingthreetimesinthatmonth,Mr.NetanyahuandthePalestinianAuthoritypresident,MahmoudAbbas,havenotsatdownsincethen.

1.Astar-crossedcampaignreferstoa(n)()one.

2.Theadministration’snextmoveisaboutto().

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Ashortreprievereferstoashort().

5.Whichofthefollowingservestobethebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.unhappy

B.confused

C.transient

D.shining

问题2选项

A.bendtothereality

B.vetoanti-IsraeliresolutionsattheUnitedNations

C.expandasettlementfreezetoJerusalem

D.hanginthebalance

问题3选项

A.ThewrittensecurityassurancesfromtheAmericanswereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.

B.Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.

C.ThePalestinianswantedthetalkstofocustightlyontheborderofafuturePalestinianstate.

D.Mr.Netanyahuhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreezewithObama.

问题4选项

A.respite

B.retraction

C.reproof

D.repository

问题5选项

A.Mr.Obamabegandirectnegotiationswithgreathoopla.

B.U.S.dropsbidtoswayIsraelonsettlements.

C.TheIsraelisandPalestiniansareatcrossedpurposes.

D.TheMiddleEastpeacetalksareinflux.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Itisanothersetbackinwhathasprovedtobeastar-crossedcampaignbyPresidentObama.(这是奥巴马总统短期尝试中的又一次挫折。)”,star-crossed本意是时运不济的,倒霉的,但在文中提到美国政府在首次尝试失败后,想通过其他方法让巴勒斯坦政府重新回到谈判桌上。较之前奥巴马政府已经证实了的短期尝试来说这又是一大阻碍。A选项“不快乐的;不幸福的;不适当的”;B选项“困惑的;混乱的;糊涂的”;C选项transient“短暂的;路过的”;D选项“光亮的;华丽的;杰出的”,因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“Wisely,inmyview,theadministrationisbendingtoreality(在我看来,明智的做法是,政府正在向现实屈服)”。A选项“屈从于现实”正确;B选项“在联合国否决反以色列决议”和C选项“扩大对耶路撒冷定居点的冻结”以及D选项“悬而未决”都不符合题意,因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Thoseassurances,whichincluded20F-35stealthairplanesandanAmericanpledgetovetoanti-IsraelresolutionsattheUnitedNations,wereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.(这些保证包括20架F-35隐形飞机,以及美国承诺在联合国否决反以色列决议,但从未向以色列提供。)”和第十段“Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.(以色列最初的10个月禁令只包括约旦河西岸。)”以及第七段“Thetwohadhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreeze(双方敲定了为期90天的冻结协议)”,由此可知A选项“美国人的书面安全保证从未交给以色列人”;B选项“以色列最初的10个月禁令只包括约旦河西岸。”和D选项“内塔尼亚胡与奥巴马敲定了为期90天的冻结协议。”文中都有提到,C选项“巴勒斯坦人希望谈判集中讨论未来巴勒斯坦国的边界问题。”文章中没有提及,因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“Themostlikelyscenarioisthatthismoratoriumwasgoingtobuythemashortreprieve,andwasthengoingtoplungethemintothesamecrisistheywereinbefore.(最有可能的情况是该中止计划仅为暂缓之计,之后他们将会再一次陷入与以前同样的危机之中)”。A选项“缓解;暂缓;暂时的休息;缓期执行”正确;B选项“撤回,撤销;收回”和C选项“责备;谴责”以及D选项“贮藏室,仓库;知识库;智囊团”均不符合题意,因此A选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。联系原文可知该文章是一篇新闻报道,该类文本的主题句一般都在开头或结尾。文章第一句说到“AfterthreeweeksoffruitlesshagglingwithPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahu,theObamaadministrationhasgivenupitseffortstopersuadetheIsraeligovernmenttofreezeconstructionofJewishsettlementsfor90days(在与以色列总理内塔尼亚胡讨价还价三周无果后,奥巴马政府已放弃说服以色列政府冻结犹太人定居点建设90天的努力)”,由此可知文章主要是在说奥巴马政府放弃在定居点问题上左右以色列的努力。A选项“奥巴马在大吹大擂中开始了直接谈判”;C选项“以色列人和巴勒斯坦人在目的上有分歧”;D选项“中东和谈正在不断变化”都不如B选项“美国放弃在定居点问题上左右以色列的努力”更能概括文章大意,因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Severalguestswerewaitinginthe()forthefrontdoortoopen.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.vent

C.inlet

D.entry

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项porch“(沿外墙建筑、常带顶的)门廊,走廊”;B选项vent“(气体、液体的)进出口,通风口,排放口”;C选项inlet“(河道、水湾)入口,进口”;D选项entry“进入,入口”。句意:有几位客人在入口处等着开门。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers()fromit.

问题1选项

A.brokeup

B.brokeforth

C.brokethrough

D.brokeupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项brokeup“分手;结束,打碎”;B选项breakforth“迸发;喷发;爆发”;C选项breakthrough“突破;突围;冲破;取得突破性成就”;D选项breakupon“显露;突然出现”。句意:当人们看见那位职业拳击手四肢摊开躺在拳台上时,场上爆发出欢呼声和呐喊声。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Criticscalledtheproposala()gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.

问题1选项

A.board

B.ball

C.home

D.shell

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项board“木板,甲板,膳食,董事长”;B选项ball“球,舞会”;C选项home“家,住宅,产地,家乡,避难所”;D选项shell“壳,贝壳,炮弹,外形”。shellgame为固定搭配,意为“骗局”。句意:批评人士称该提议是一场难以辨认的骗局。因此C答案正确。

5.单选题

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen()withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

问题1选项

A.conventionalized

B.manipulated

C.transmitted

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conventionalized“使习俗化;使样式化”;B选项manipulated“操作”;C选项transmitted“传输;传送”;D选项aggrandize“增加;夸大;强化”。句意:在一些文化中,魔术的精华是它传统的完整性;只有当它从古代到今天都完整地传递下来时它才有效果。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately()andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.

问题1选项

A.independent

B.proprietary

C.social

D.stable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项independent“独立的;单独的;无党派的;不受约束的”;B选项proprietary“专卖的,专营的;所有的,所有权的”;C选项social“社会的,社交的;群居的”;D选项stable“稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的;持久的”。句意:对于禁猎区的猴子而言,最重要的一点是它们是一个群体;这之所以如此,是因为灵长目动物具有一种根深蒂固的群居习性,均围绕着对方而营造其生活。

7.单选题

Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun()250dollars.

问题1选项

A.ashighas

B.ashighto

C.sohighto

D.sohighas

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。ashighas/to都意为“高达”,但是后面明确接的是高达的数字时,用to。as虽然也是高达,但是用在两者作为比较的时候用的,如Tomisashighashissister.句意:那家商店的自行车价格高达250美元。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Ididn’treadtheblurb;I()straightintothefirstchapter.

问题1选项

A.dived

B.ran

C.plunged

D.read

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项diveinto“迅速把手伸入;投入;一心投入;跳入(指的是跳水标准动作,运动员的那种头朝下的)”;B选项runinto“遭遇,陷入;撞上,撞到;偶然遇见”;C选项plungeinto“投入;跳入(主要指暴力一些的进入,比如车失控冲进水里;人郁闷地把头埋进冷水盆里);突然或仓促地开始某事;猛冲;使突然陷入;纵身投入”;D选项readinto“曲解;加上另外的意思于;隐藏某种意义”。句意:我没有读简介,直接仓促地开始读第一章。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

()theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

问题1选项

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见的三种形式:与过去事实相反的假设,从句用“had+过去分词”,主句用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”;与现在事实相反的假设,从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should+动词原形”;与将来事实相反的假设,从句的谓语动词用“should(wereto)+动词原形”,主句用“should+动词原形”。句意:假如我们接受他们的条件的话,我们就会破产。表示的是与将来事实相反的假设,因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Lookingback,it’shardtocomprehendhowtheTasmaniansettlerscouldhavebeensocavalieraboutthetiger’sbiologicaluniqueness—soheedlessoftheconsequences.

问题1选项

A.extempore

B.offhand

C.infunctionate

D.disconcerting

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项extempore“当场的,即席的”;B选项offhand“随便的;即时的;无准备的;即席的”,C选项infunctionate不存在;D选项disconcerting“令人不安的;打扰人的”。句意:回顾过去,很难理解塔斯马尼亚的定居者怎么会对老虎的生物独特性如此漫不经心——如此无视后果。cavalier“傲慢的;漫不经心的;无忧无虑的”,B选项与该词词意最相近,因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Iamtoinformyou,thatyoumay,ifyouwish,attendtheinquiry,andattheinspectorsdiscretionstateyourcase()orthroughanentrustedrepresentative.

问题1选项

A.indepth

B.insecret

C.inperson

D.inexcess

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项indepth“深入地;全面地”;B选项insecret“秘密地;私下地”;C选项inperson“本人;亲自”;D选项turnup“出现;发生;开大;发现;卷起;使仰卧”。句意:我要通知你,如果你愿意,你可以参加调查,并根据调查人员的决定亲自或委托代表陈述你的情况。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions()theyhavemadefortunes.

问题1选项

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词性从句。differentfrom“与……不同”,that代指professions,inwhich引导名词性从句,其中in是makefortunesinsth.短语中的in;makefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。句意:许多成功的人,如果他们能够自己选择的话,会选择一些与致使他们发财的工作截然不同的职业。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Momflippedher()whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

问题1选项

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美国俚语,意为发怒,发火,失去控制,变得狂热,大发脾气。句意:妈妈发现我怀孕后大发雷霆。因此D选项正确。

14.翻译题

直到不久前,韩国以外还很少有人知道“江南”这个位于首尔东南部的一个上流社区,这里的居民数量约占首尔人口总数的5%。然后,朴载相横空出世。更具体地说,应该是这位韩国流行歌手的单曲《江南Style》横空出世。这首歌今年夏季在YouTube上红透半边天。整个互联网到处都是模仿它的视频,从澳大利亚到秘鲁都有以《江南Style》为主题的快闪活动;喝着烧酒签下美国唱片合约,占据美国电视黄金时段;甚至还有人深入分析骑马舞。但对于很多人来说,那个老问题仍然存在:“江南”到底是什么样的?江南区不乏知名品牌,但要想找到高端、小众的精品时装店,可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街区。在这里你会找到前卫的国际品牌概念商店,还有本土时装大牌。这里的商店都价格不菲,但要像朴载相所说的那样“穿得优雅、舞得奔放”,就得花这个代价。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首尔江南区修道山上,是韩国历史最悠久的寺庙之一。尽管在李氏王朝初期,儒家思想受到的推崇超过了佛教,但在16世纪中叶,在普雨(Bowoo)大禅师的指导下,奉恩寺作为韩国主要的禅宗佛教中心开始兴旺起来。如果你想获得一些点化,可以参加一个为期两天的住寺活动,主要是一些修身养性的活动,比如斋饭、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

15.单选题

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

问题1选项

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项plan“计划,平面图”;B选项judgment“判断,裁判,判决书,辨别力”;C选项stamina“耐力,持久力,毅力”;D选项knowledge“知识,学问,知道,认识,学科”。句意:这场危机将考验首相的勇气。Mettle“勇气,气质,耐力”,C选项与该词意思最相近,因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Ididn’tcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI().

问题1选项

A.shouldhave

B.mayhave

C.musthave

D.shallhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。A选项shouldhave“本该做却没有做”;B选项mayhave通常接过去分词,用于虚拟语气,表示“过去可能”;C选项musthavedone表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测,推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过(存在过),如果musthavedone与bynow连用,还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测,但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作;D选项shallhavedone通常用来表示将来完成时。句意:我没有打电话订机票,但我应该打电话订的。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?()

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

().

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto().

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe().

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts().

问题1选项

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

问题2选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

问题3选项

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

问题4选项

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

问题5选项

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.(这是一个连锁反应,一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。)”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.(这次停电并不是由传染性电疾病引起的;它是由网格对这种疾病威胁的免疫反应引起的。换句话说,电网遭受了剧烈的过敏反应,一种过敏性休克。)”由此可知这次停电是一次过敏反应。A选项“连锁故障”;B选项“电传染病”;D选项“病毒攻击”说法都不正确,只有C选项“严重的过敏反应”符合题意,因此C选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.(大多数评论家没有正面回答这个问题,而是用了一些常见的比喻:这是一个连锁反应,一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。)”以及第二段作者说到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.(但这也不是一个正确的比喻。)”,由此可知作者并不认同多数评论家的比喻。A选项“积极的”不正确;B选项“消极的”正确;C选项“中立的”以及D选项“讽刺的”都不是作者的态度,因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.(现在需要的是一种更微妙、更协调的反应模式。)”。A选项“开发一个新的系统来协调所有的发电厂”;C选项“让每个发电厂独立于其他电厂”和D选项“系统过载时暂停供电”都不符合题意,只有B选项“建立一个更好的系统,使每个发电厂更加灵敏”符合题意,因此B选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.(诚然,这样一个分布式控制系统将花费数十亿美元,而且在这个放松管制的时代,能源公司将没有什么动力联合起来建设它,尤其是当最大的钱在发电上的时候。)”,由此可知该分布式控制系统并不受能源公司的欢迎。A选项“受到所有能源公司的欢迎”说法错误;B选项“对能源公司没有吸引力”说法正确;C选项“阻止这样的停电是没有用的”以及D选项“危害国家安全”文中均没有提到。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.(也许前景黯淡,但却是现实的。)”,由此可知虽然该措施看起来可行,但是前景黯淡。A选项“一定会对电网造成灾难性的破坏”;B选项“通过反复的练习会变得完美”;D选项“随着时间的推移被逐出改善”都不符合题意,只有C选项“看似现实,实则不可行”符合题意,因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent()music.

问题1选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。talentfor“天才;有……的天赋”,其他选项都没有这种搭配。句意:她在很小的时候就显示出音乐天赋。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton().

问题1选项

A.parole

B.leave

C.bail

D.perjury

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项onparole“被假释;假释”;B选项onleave“休假;在休假中;放假”;C选项onbail“保释;保释中”;D选项perjury“伪证;伪证罪;背信弃义”,没有onperjury这个说法。bail与parole的区别:在欧美,被告如果没有逃亡或串供之虞,法官常常裁定保释,类似于我国的取保候审;假释是指已经在服刑的犯人,如果服完了最低刑期标准,同时在狱中表现良好,经假释审查委员会评估通过,就可以提早出狱。句意:他的审判定在下周,但他已获准保释。

20.单选题

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

问题1选项

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项obstructed“阻塞,妨碍,遮住”;B选项quipped“嘲弄,讥讽”;C选项grunge“(仅为名词)蹩脚货,乏味的东西,难看的东西”;D选项wrecked“破坏,毁灭,(使)船舶失事,(使)遭遇沉船,毁船打劫,遭遇(船舶)失事,拆除”。句意:像卡西迪那样,把所有的好事都归功于奥巴马的领导,把所有的坏事都归功于共和党的阻挠,这可能不是完全诚实的,但它确实有相当大的好处,让奥巴马摆脱了竞选时被共和党的欺凌所束缚的软弱无能的负担。Stymy“阻挠,妨碍”,A选项与该词意思最相近,因此A选项正确。

21.翻译题

SinceAlfredNobeldiedin1896wehaveenteredanageofstormandtragedy.Thepowerofmanhasgrownineverysphereexceptoverhimself.Neverinthefieldofactionhaveeventsseemedsoharshlytodwarfpersonalities.Rarelyinhistoryhavebrutalfactssodominatedthoughtorhassuchawidespreadindividualvirtuefoundsodimacollectivefocus.

WeinEuropeandthewesternworldwhohaveplannedforhealthandsocialsecurity,whohavemarveledatthetriumphsofmedicineandscience,andwhohaveaimedatjusticeandfreedomforall,haveneverthelessbeenwitnessesoffamine,misery,cruelty,anddestructionbeforewhichpalethedeedsofGenghisKhan.Andwewho,firstintheLeagueofNationsandnowintheUnitedNations,haveattemptedtogiveanabidingfoundationtothepeaceofwhichmenhavedreamedsolonghavelivedtoseeaworldmarredbycleavagesandthreatenedbydiscordsevergraverandmoreviolentthanthosewhichconvulsedEuropeafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

AlfredNobelhasleftbehindhimabrightandenduringbeamofculture,ofpurpose,andofinspirationtoagenerationwhichstandsinsoreneed.Thisworld-famousinstitutionpointsatruepathforustofollow.Letus,therefore,confronttheclatterandrigidityweseearounduswithtolerance,variety,andcalm.

【答案】自阿尔弗莱德•诺贝尔先生1896年去世后,我们就进入了一个狂暴而悲惨的时代。人类的势力在每个领域都有所发展,只有其自身除外。在战场上从未有过如此残酷之事,人格如此卑微,历史上思想受控于残酷的事实也是罕有,广为舍弃的美德也从未如此黯淡无光。

我们所在的欧洲和西方社会,曾注重医疗事业和社会安全事业,曾在医学和科学上取得惊人成功,曾致力于全人类的正义和自由,可我们现在却见证了饥荒、痛苦、残忍和毁灭。这些足以使成吉思汗的丰功伟绩黯然失色。从起初的国际联盟到今天的联合国,我们一直尝试着给人们梦想已久的和平,建立一个持久的基础。我们目睹了分崩离析、战火纷飞的破损社会,其动荡比罗马帝国崩溃后对欧洲的震动更惨重和剧烈。

阿尔弗莱德•诺贝尔先生将辉煌而不朽的文化、意志和灵感的灯火留给了急需滋养的一代。这个举世闻名的机构指出了一条真正的道路,引领我们前行。所以让我们用忍耐、机敏与冷静,来对抗我们身边嘈杂与僵化的环境吧。

22.翻译题

中国传统社会具有宗法社会的性质,重视人伦关系成为其文化特色。孟子将“人伦”归结为“父子有亲,君臣有义,夫妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信”。这五种基本的社会关系有四种关系与血缘和家庭有关,而国家关系正是这种血缘和家庭关系的拟制。人伦文化注重血缘亲情,强调等级名分,强化社会成员的角色,着眼于家庭和社会利益的全局,注重内部的秩序与凝聚力。正是在人伦文化的基础上,形成了大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向。

传统社会宗法关系强有力的纽带作用和强调集权统一的观念文化与制度文化,培养出中华民族注重整体利益的价值观念。在这种价值观念中,社会的利益、国家的利益和家庭的利益始终是第一位的,而地方的利益、局部的利益和个人利益往往被忽视。个性被湮灭在共性之中,整齐划一是理想典范,标新立异则是异端另类。

【答案】China’sancientsocietywaspatriarchalinnature,inwhichhumanrelationsweregivenpriority.Menciussummeduphumanrelationsas“Betweenfatherandson,thereshouldbeaffection;betweensovereignandminister,righteousness;betweenhusbandandwife,attentiontotheirseparatefunctions;betweenoldandyoung,aproperorder;andbetweenfriends,fidelity.”Outofthesefivebasichumanrelations,fourwererelatedwithbloodtiesandfamily.Staterelationshipwasacopyofthiskindoffamilybloodrelationship.Theculturebasedonhumanrelationsheldasessentialthebloodrelationships,andhighlightedpeople’ssocialstatus.Withaviewtotheoverallsituationofthefamilyandsocialinterests,itpaidspecialattentiontotheinternalorderandcohesiveness.Itwasonthebasisofthisculturethattheconceptofgreatnationalunityandcollectivismcameintobeing.

TheChinesevalueofcollectivismwascultivatedbytheforcefultieofthepatriarchalrelationsandthecultureofideologyandinstitutionthatgaveprominencetocentralizationandunity.Theinterestofthesociety,thecountryandthefamilywasalwayscountednumberonewhilethatofthelocality,thepart,ortheindividualsometimesignored.Individualitygavewaytouniversality.Uniformitywasconsideredapotheosiswhereasunconventionality,heterodoxy.

23.单选题

Don’tgetmixedupinany()business.

问题1选项

A.funny

B.misty

C.foggy

D.behind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项funny“有趣的,好笑的,滑稽的”;B选项misty“模糊的;有雾的”;C选项foggy“有雾的;模糊的,朦胧的”;D选项behind“在……的后面;朝……后面”。根据固定搭配funnybusiness“见不得人的活动,不规矩的事,不道德的行为”可知该题选funny。句意:不要卷入任何不道德的行为中。因此A选项正确。

24.单选题

TheChairmanwasevidently()byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项putdown“记下,写下,

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