2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号46

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

问题1选项

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof经由;intermsof依据,按照,在……方面;bymeansof通过,依靠。句意：哪项运动在训练器材、运动员个人装备和队服等方面的开销最大?选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Manyoftheconditionsthat_______populationpressures―overcrowding,unemployment,poverty,hungerandillness—leadtodissatisfaction.

问题1选项

A.bringforward

B.giveriseto

C.feedupwith

D.resultfrom

【答案】D

【解析】bringforward提出,提供;giveriseto引起,导致,使发生;feedupwith使对……厌烦;resultfrom起因于,由…造成。句意：过度拥挤、失业、贫穷、饥饿和疾病等诸多情况都是由人口压力造成的,从而导致了不满。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

问题1选项

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不动的,静止的;stagnant停滞的,迟钝的;briskness敏捷,活泼;sluggish行动迟缓的。句意：上周，学校董事会主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT数学成绩的提高，也哀叹语文成绩停滞不前。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Nations,likeindividualsorsportsteams,willnotfollowleaderstheydon'trespect,whosegoalsareunclear,whosephilosophyisnotin_______withacceptedhumanvalues.

问题1选项

A.synonym

B.syne

C.synod

D.sync

【答案】D

【解析】synonym同义字;syne自从;synod大会,宗教会议;sync同时;同步。句意：国家,就像个人或运动队一样,不会追随他们不受他们尊重,目标不明确,人生观也与公认的人类价值观不一致的领导者。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Ipersonallyamoffendedbywhattheyhavetriedtodoinaverymisleadingwaywith,whatI'vesaidabouttwoofmypersonal_______,PresidentKennedyandDr.MartinLutherKingJr.

问题1选项

A.resemblance

B.statues

C.icons

D.parable

【答案】C

【解析】resemblance相似之处;statue雕像;icon偶像,崇拜对象;parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我个人而言,我对他们试图以一种非常具有误导性的方式对待肯尼迪总统和马丁•路德•金博士的事感到很愤怒,而我讲过这两个人是我的偶像。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

ThedestructionoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkCity_______shockandangerthroughouttheworld.

问题1选项

A.tempted

B.provoked

C.summoned

D.enveloped

【答案】B

【解析】tempted引诱,诱导;provoked激起,引起;summoned传唤,召集;enveloped包围,包封,遮盖。句意：纽约双子塔的毁坏在全世界引起了震惊和愤怒。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Theyareexperimentingwith"phytotherapy,"orplantandherb-based_______,toamelioratehotflashes,sleeplessness,andmore.

问题1选项

A.remedies

B.renovates

C.embellishes

D.modifies

【答案】A

【解析】remedy补救,治疗法;renovate革新,修复;embellish修饰;modify修改。句意：他们正在试验“植物疗法”,即以植物和草药为基础的疗法,用来缓解潮热、失眠等症状。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Theloudestoutcry（呐喊）aboutpovertyseemedtocomeinthewealthiestcountry-byfar-intheworld.Accordingtomostcalculations,throughmostofthe1945-1970periodtheUnitedStateshadastandardoflivingwellaboveEurope'sandmanytimesabovetheworldaverage.Yetprotestsaboutgrindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStatesthanfromcountrieswithone-fortiethoftheirlivingstandard.（AnannualpercapitaincomeofeightdollarsistypicalofmuchofAfricaandAsiaandnotalittleofSouthAmerica.）Itwouldseemstrangetothesepeople（weretheyonlyawareofthefact）thatAmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobesothatthemoneythussavedcanbespentraisingthestandardoflivingofunderprivilegedAmericans.

Whatthislastpointsuggestsisnotsomuchthathumanwantsarenevertobesatisfiedthoughthisisdoubtlesstrue,andtheAmericanlivinginsuburbdeprivedofhissecondcarandhiscolorTVsuffersjustasacutelyasanAfricanfarmerinneedofasecondcowandascreendoor.Rather,itsuggeststheextentofcontemporarybreach（违反）ofsocialnorms（标准）一theemancipation（解放）oftheindividualself.Peoplehavelearnedthattheirwantsaresacredandrightsoughttobesatisfied.Theyhavelearnedtoconsideranyobstacletopersonalfulfillmentandintolerableinsult.Theyhavegreatlyexpandedthecircleofselfawareness.Theynolongeracceptsharplimitationsonindividualdesiresinthenameofthegroup.Theamountofpotentialhumandiscontenthasalwaysbeeninfinite—misery,failure,misfitting,bitterness,hatred,envybeyondtelling.Ithasusuallyfailedofutterance,andinthepastitwasacceptedpassivelyasbeingbeyondhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostcomplaintsoverapoorlivingstandardweremadebythosewhocamefrom（）

2.TheaverageincomeforeachAmericanayearduringthe1960swasmostlikelyintheneighborhoodof（）.

3.InordertoimprovethestandardoflivingofpoorAmericans,theextremistsintheStatesdemand（）.

4.Therealcauseforthemostfortunatepeopletoprotestaboutpovertyliesin（）.

5.Fromthelastsentence,itcanbesafelyinferredthatoutcryaboutpovertyineffectinvolvespeoples'（）.

问题1选项

A.theUnitedStates

B.Asiancountries

C.theEuropeanCommunity

D.CommonwealthofNations

问题2选项

A.1,120dollars

B.40dollars

C.320dollars

D.80dollars

问题3选项

A.afulltaxreliefoncitizenslivingoverseas

B.astoptoarmsraceagainstnationsfaraway

C.acutinfinancialassistancetopoorcountries

D.afavorablebalanceoftradewithforeigncountries

问题4选项

A.addedconsciousnessofself

B.theireconomicstatus

C.limitationsofhumannature

D.conflictinclassinterests

问题5选项

A.abilitytosufferahardlife

B.understandingoftheirrights

C.politicalattitudetowardthegovernment

D.wholeoutlookondifferentlifestyles

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的第三句"...grindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStates..."对极度贫困、饥饿和可怕需求的抗议更多地来自美国。选项A正确。

2.根据第一段第三句,对极度贫困、饥饿和可怕需求的抗议更多地来自美国,而不是那些生活水平只有美国四十分之一的国家。(非洲和亚洲大部分地区的年人均收入通常为8美元,南美也不例外。)所以美国年人均收入为320美元。

3.根据第一段最后一句"...AmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobe..."美国激进分子要求美国放弃对世界上那些遥远国家的承诺,这样节省下来的钱就可以用来提高美国贫困人口的生活水平。也就是说减少对贫穷国家的财政援助。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第二段的三四五句"Peoplehavelearnedthat...selfawareness."人们已经认识到他们的需要是神圣的,权利应该得到满足。他们学会了考虑个人成就和无法忍受的侮辱带来的任何障碍。他们极大地扩展了自我意识的圈子。选项A符合原文。

5.根据句意：它通常无法表达,在过去,人们被动地接受它,认为它毫无用处。由此可推断,"它"指的是人们吃苦耐劳的能力,所以选项A正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

9.单选题

Manyeconomistsbelievedthat______consumerswouldcutspendingoncethevalueoftheirhomesbegantofall.

问题1选项

A.overstretched

B.oversaturated

C.overproduced

D.overpopulated

【答案】A

【解析】overstretched过度延伸的，指系统或组织被迫过度运作的；oversaturated过饱和的；overproduce过度生产的；overpopulated人口过密的，人口过剩的。句意：许多经济学家认为，一旦房价开始下跌，超负荷的消费者就会削减支出。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Thegovernmentrecentlypresentedanambitiousplantotackletheviolenceand_______thatfollowwhentoomanypeopledrinktoomuchtooquicklyintoosmallanarea.

问题1选项

A.alienation

B.delimitation

C.bareness

D.mayhem

【答案】D

【解析】alienation疏远,转让;delimitation定界;bareness赤裸,裸露;mayhem蓄意的破坏,故意的伤害罪。句意：政府最近提出了一项雄心勃勃的计划，以解决在一个面积太小的地区，如果有太多的人饮酒太多太快而制造的暴力和混乱。选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered_______ofeachotherinthought,buttheyarcinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly不清楚地,分不清地;separately分别地,分离地;irrelevantly无关地,不相干地;independently独立地。句意：语言、文化和人格在思想上可以相互独立,但实际上是不可分割的。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenyingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredor_______bytheteacher.

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.discounted

C.overestimated

D.verified

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸大,言过其实的;discounted打折的;overestimated过高评价的;verified核实的。句意：无论我们多么重视学校生活,不可否认的事实是孩子们呆在家里的时间比在教室里的时间多。因此,父母的巨大影响是不能被老师忽视或者大打折扣的。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

ThechancesofinfectionofBSEor"mad-cowdisease"maybeslight,butthatdoesnotstoppeople_______beefenmasse.

问题1选项

A.shunning

B.ignoring

C.disregarding

D.affronting

【答案】A

【解析】shun避开,避免;ignore不理睬,忽视;disregard漠视;affront公开侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染疯牛病的概率是很小的，但这并不能阻止人们大量食用牛肉。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Despitemuchdiscussion,andeffortsbybothwomen'sandbusinessgroupstobreak"theglassceiling"down,theworld'sbiggestcompaniesarestillalmost_______runbymen.

问题1选项

A.exceptionally

B.excessively

C.exclusively

D.exceedingly

【答案】C

【解析】exceptionally例外地,异常地;excessively过分地,极度;exclusively排外地,专有地;exceedingly非常地,极度地。句意：尽管女性和商业团体为了打破“玻璃天花板”经过多次讨论并为此付出很多努力，但世界上的大公司仍然几乎完全由男性经营。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchannels,theopportunityfor_______isgrowingrapidly.

问题1选项

A.fraud

B.jargon

C.pledge

D.motivation

【答案】A

【解析】fraud欺诈,骗子;jargon行话;pledge保证,许诺,抵押;motivation动机。句意：当营销人员通过印刷和电子渠道加强沟通的时候，也为欺诈行为提供了快速增长的机会。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Advanceinfoodpreservationgaveconsumersindevelopedcountriesaccessto_______allfoodsgrownindistantlands.

问题1选项

A.extensively

B.virtually

C.artificially

D.continually

【答案】C

【解析】extensively广泛的；virtually事实上；artificially人为地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：食品保存技术的进步使发达国家的消费者能够人为地获取不同产地的食品。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

TheUNofficialsaidaidprogramswillbe_______untilthereisadequateprotectionforreliefpersonnel.

问题1选项

A.multiplied

B.arrested

C.spanned

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】multiplied增加,繁殖;arrested逮捕,遏止;spanned跨越,持续;suspended延缓,推迟。句意：这位联合国官员说,援助项目将推迟直到救援人员得到充分保护。选项D符合句意。

18.案例题

Althoughcreditcardsarebecomingamoreacceptablepartofthefinancialscene,theyarestillregardedwithsuspicionbymanyasbeingamajorpartofthe"livenowpaylater"syndrome（综合症）.Alongwithhire-purchase,rentalandleasingschemes,theyprovideencouragementtospendmoremoney.Ofcourse,itisonlythefoolhardywhosuccumb（屈服）tothetemptationtothetemptationtolive,temporarilyatleast,beyondtheirmeans,andsuchpeoplewouldnodoubtmanagetodosoevenwithoutcreditcards.

Advertisingcampaignshave,however,promotedagrowingrealizationoftheadvantagesofthesesmallpiecesofplastic.Theyobviatetheneedtocarrylargeamountsofcashandarealwaysusefulinemergencies.Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmayworkoutashighas25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit.Usingthecardabroad,whereitemsfrequentlytakealongtimetobeincludedonyouraccount,canextendthisperiodevenfurther.

Itisworthwhileshoppingaroundbeforedecidingonaparticularcreditcard.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheamountofcreditgranted;interestrates,whichmayvaryslightly;thenumberandrangeofoutlets,thoughmostcardscovermajorgarages,hotels,restaurantsanddepartmentstores,and,ofcourse,whathappensifyourcardislostorstolen.Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmineparticularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard.

However,ifusedwisely,acreditcardcancostnothingsoratleasthelptotideyouoveraperiodoffinancialdifficulty.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatcanbethetitleforthispassage?

3.Whatelsedoyoumeanbyjudiciouspurchasingusingacard?

4.Whathappensifyourcardislostorstolen?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"tideover"inthelastparagraphmean?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.

【答案】1.Creditcardsarestillbesuspectedbysomepeople.

2.Thecreditcards.

3.Youobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit.

4.Acreditcardthiefmayuseyourcard.

5.Tosupportthroughadifficultperiod.

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句为本段的中心句,尽管信用卡在金融领域正变得越来越被人们接受,但许多人仍怀疑它是"现用现付"综合征的主要组成部分。也就是说,信用卡现在依然受到部分人的质疑。

2.结合全文可知,本文主要讲了信用卡的用途、如何选择和使用信用卡。所以,文章主要是介绍信用卡。

3.根据关键词"judiciouspurchasing"定位到第二段第三句"...judiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit."明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。

4.根据第三段最后一句"Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmineparticularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard."一旦你的卡丢失且挂失晚了的话,信用卡窃贼可能会盗用你的卡。

5.tideover意为"克服,度过,度过困难时期"。即tosupportthroughadifficultperiod。

19.单选题

TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolookfor_______intheelectronicsthatsenddatafromthesensorstoonboardcomputers.

问题1选项

A.glitches

B.suspects

C.orbiters

D.pitches

【答案】A

【解析】glitch失灵，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盘旋物，人造卫星；pitch斜度。句意：航天飞机“发现者”号上的工作人员们进入飞机的后部，寻找将数据从传感器发送到机载计算机上的电子设备的故障。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Forthelongesttime,Icouldn'tgetworkedupaboutprivacy:myrighttoit;howit'sdying;howwe’reheadedforanevenmorewired,underregulated,overintrusive,privacy-deprivedplanet.

IshouldalsopointoutthatasnewsdirectorforPathfinder,TimeInc.'smegainfomall,andaguywhoontheWeb,Iknowbetterthanmostpeoplethatwe'rehurtlingtowardanevenmoreintrusiveworld.We'reallbeingwatchedbycomputerswheneverwevisitWebsites;bythemereactof"browsing"(itsoundssopassive!)we'regoingpublicinawaythatwasunimaginableadecadeago.IknowthisbecauseI'mawatchertoo.WhenpeoplecometomyWebsite,withouteverknowingtheirnames,Icanpeerovertheirshoulders,recordingwhattheylookat,timinghowlongtheystayonaparticularpage,followingthemaroundPathfinder'ssprawlingofferings.

Noneofthiswouldbothermeintheleast,Isuspect,ifafewyearsago,myphone,likeMarley'sghost,hadn'tgivenmeaglimpseofthenightmarestocome.OnThanksgivingweekendin1995,someone(presumablyacriticofabookmywifeandIhadjustwrittenaboutcomputerhackers)forwardedmyhometelephonenumbertoanout-of-stateansweringmachine,whereunsuspectingcallerstryingtoreachmeheardamalevoiceidentifyhimselfasmeandsaysomeextremelyrudethings.Then,withtypicalhackeraplomb,thepranksteraskedpeopletoleavetheirmessages(whichtomysurprisemanycallers,includingmymother,did).ThiswentonforseveraldaysuntilmywifeandIfiguredoutthatsomethingwaswrong("Hey...whyhasn'tthephonerungsinceWednesday?")andgotourphoneservicerestored.

Itseemedfunnyatfirst,anditgaveusaswellstorytotellonourbooktour.Buttheinterloperwhoseizedourtelephonelinecontinuedtohitusevenafterthetourended.Andhitusagainandagainforthenextsixmonths.Thephonecompanyseemedpowerless.Itssecurityfolksmovedustooneunlistednumberafteranother,halfadozentimes.Theyputspecialpincodesinplace.Theyputtracesontheline.Butthetroublemakerkeptbreakingthrough.

Ifourhackerhadbeentrulyevilandomnipotentasonlyfictionalmoviehackersare,therewouldprobablyhavebeenevenworsewayshecouldhavethreatenedmyprivacy.Hecouldhavesabotagedmycreditrating.HecouldhaveeavesdroppedonmytelephoneconversationsorsiphonedoffmyE-mail.Hecouldhavecalledinmymortgage,discontinuedmyhealthinsuranceorobliteratedmySocialSecuritynumber.LikeSandraBullockinTheNetJcouldhavebeenadigitaluntouchable,wanderingtheplanetwithoutaconnectiontotherestofhumanity.(AlthoughifIdidn'thavetopaybackschoolloans,itmightbeworthit.Justathought.)

Still,Irememberfeelingviolatedatthetimeandaspowerlessasaminnowinaflashflood.Someonewasinvadingmyprivatespace—myfamily'sprivatespace—andtherewasnothingIortheauthoritiescoulddo.ItwasasclosetoatechnologicalepiphanyasIhaveeverbeen.AndasIwatchedmypersonaldigitalhellunfold,itstruckmethatourprivacy—mineandyours—hasalreadydisappeared,notinoneBigBrotherlyblitzkriegbutinLittleBrotherlymoments,bitbybit.

Losingcontrolofyourtelephone,ofcourse,istheleastofit.Afterall,mostofusvoluntarilygiveoutourphonenumberandaddresswhenweallowourselvestobelistedintheWhitePages.Mostofusgoalotfurtherthanthat.WeregisterourwhereaboutswheneverweputabankcardinanATMmachineordrivethroughanE-ZPasslaneonthehighway.Wesubmittobeingphotographedeveryday—20timesadayonaverageifyouliveorworkinNewYorkCity一bysurveillancecameras.WemakepublicourinterestsandourpurchasinghabitseverytimeweshopbymailorderorvisitacommercialWebsite.

1.Whatinformationdoyoulearnabouttheauthorthatestablisheshimasanauthorityonthistopic?

2.Whichofthefollowingproblemshastheauthorexperienced?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thehackersinthemoviewouldconductfollowingthingEXCEPT（）

.

4.Thewritercitedhisexperiencetoshowthat（）.

5.Becauseofadvancesintoday'stechnology,therighttoprivacycouldbecompromisedinthefollowingareasEXCEPT

（）

.

问题1选项

A.Hehassufferedalotinlosinghisprivacy.

B.HemakeshislivingoffoftheWeb.

C.Heknowshowtomonitorhisaccount.

D.Heandhiswifepublishedabookconcerningcomputerhackers.

问题2选项

A.Someonegotinformationfromhismedicalfilesandsenthimbrochuresonhealthproductshemaywanttobuy.

B.Someoneusedthemotor-vehicleregistrationrecordsonhiscartofindhishomeaddress.

C.Someonereroutedhistelephonecallstoanothernumberwithouthisknowledge.

D.Someonesentane-mailmessagethatdestroyedthefilesonhiscomputer.

问题3选项

A.eavesdropping

B.damagingaSocialSecuritynumber

C.threateninginaflashflood

D.makingapersoninformationdisappearinthedatebase

问题4选项

A.theauthorizedorganizationcouldsolvetheproblembyofferingtimelyhelp

B.theinterloperwouldbekeptbacksoonerorlater

C.thegovernmenttookpersonalprivacybitbybit

D.hewouldlosehisprivacygradually

问题5选项

A.purchasing

B.banking

C.telephoneuse

D.recruitment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“IshouldalsopointoutthatasnewsdirectorforPathfinder,TimeInc.'smegainfomall,andaguywhoontheWeb,...”作为时代公司旗下大型信息商城《开创者》的新闻总监和一个在网上谋生的人,我应该指出所以选项B正确。

2.根据第三段的第二句“someoneforwardedmyhometelephonenumbertoanout-of-stateansweringmachine,...”可知,有人将作者的住宅电话号码转到了州外的答录机上,选项C符合原文。

3.根据第五段的内容可知,科幻电影中的黑客会破坏被害人的信誉评价,窃听电话,截取邮件,收回抵押,停止健康保险或者删除社会保险号,甚至断绝被害人与其他人的联系,使其信息消失在数据库中。所以选项A,B,D均有提及,只有选项C是作者打的一个比喻,形容被侵犯的感觉,所以本题选C。

4.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“AndasIwatchedmypersonaldigitalhellunfold,itstruckmethatourprivacy—mineandyours—hasalreadydisappeared,notinoneBigBrotherlyblitzkriegbutinLittleBrotherlymoments,bitbybit.”作者引用自己的经历意在说明他的隐私,包括大家的隐私,都在逐渐消失,选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知,我们在购物、取款和使用电话时隐私权都会受到侵犯,只有选项D在文中没有提及,所以本题选D。

21.单选题

LarryGriffinwaswokenatthreethatmorningtobetoldthathislast-minute_______againsthisdeathsentenceforthemurderofQuintinMoss,15yearsbefore,hadbeenunsuccessful.

问题1选项

A.appeals

B.accusation

C.indictment

D.prosecution

【答案】A

【解析】appeal请求,呼吁,上诉;accusation指控，谴责;indictment控告;prosecution起诉，检举。句意：LarryGriffin在凌晨3点就被叫醒了，他被告知，15年前因谋杀QuintinMoss而被判死刑的最终上诉失败了。选项A符合句意。

22.单选题

ItisinterestingtoreflectforamomentuponthedifferencesintheareasofmoralfeelingandstandardsinthepeoplesofJapanandtheUnitedStates.TheAmericansdividetheseareassomewhatrigidlyintospiritandflesh,thetwobeinginoppositioninthelifeofahumanbeing.Ideally,spiritshouldprevailbutalltoooftenitisthefleshthatdoesprevail.TheJapanesemakenosuchdivision,atleastbetweenoneasgoodandtheotherasevil.Theybelievethatapersonhastwosouls,eachnecessary.Oneisthe"gentle"soul,theotheristhe"rough"soul.Sometimesthepersonuseshisgentlesoul,sometimeshemustusehisroughsoul.Hedoesnotfavorhisgentlesoul,neitherdoeshefighthisroughsoul.Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.Happyendings,eitherinlifeorinfiction,areneithernecessarynorexpected,sincethefulfillmentofdutyprovidesthesatisfyingend,whateverthetragedyitinflicts.Anddutyincludesaperson'sobligationstothosewhohaveconferredbenefitsuponhimandtohimselfasanindividualofhonor.Hedevelopsthroughthisdoublesenseofdutyaself-disciplinewhichisatoncepermissiveandrigid,dependingupontheareainwhichitisfunctioning.

Theprocessofacquiringthisself-disciplinebeginsinchildhood.Indeed,onemaysayitbeginsatbirth—howearlytheJapanesechildisgivenhisownidentity!IfIweretodefineinawordtheattitudeoftheJapanesetowardtheirchildrenIwouldputitinonesuccinctword.Love?Yes,abundanceoflove,warmlyexpressedfrom.themomentheisputtohismother'sbreast.Foramotherthisnursingofherchildisimportantpsychologically.

Rewardsarefrequent,abitofcandybestowedattherightmoment,aninexpensivetoy.Astimecomestoenterschool,however,disciplinebecomesfirmer.Tobringshametothefamilyisthegreatestshameforthechild.

WhatisthesecretoftheJapaneseteachingofself-discipline?Itlies,Ithink,inthefactthattheaimofallteachingistheestablishmentofhabit.Rulesarerepeatedoverandover,andcontinuallypracticeduntilobediencebecomesinstinctive.Thisrepetitionisenhancedbytheexpectationoftheelders.Theyexpectachildtoobeyandtolearnthroughobedience.Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.

Now,farawayfromthatwarmJapanesehome,IreflectuponwhatIlearnedthere.What,Iwonder,willtaketheplaceofthewebofloveanddisciplinewhichforsomanycenturieshassurroundedthelifeandthinkingofthepeopleofJapan?

1.AccordingtoJapanesebeliefachildisborn（）.

2.ThetrainingoftheJapanesechildcanbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Intheteachingofself-disciplinetheJapaneseemphasize（）.

4.TheJapaneseideaofvirtueis（）.

5.TotheJapanese,theaimofexistenceis（）.

问题1选项

A.basicallygood

B.amoral,neithergoodnorevil

C.withtwosoulswhichareincombatwithoneanother

D.insin

问题2选项

A.asystemofrewardsandpunishments

B.frequentdiscipliningwhichbecomesmoreinexorablysevereasthechildgrowsolder

C.benevolentandindulgentduringtheearlyyears,butsomewhatmoresevereasthechildgrowsolder

D.almostentirelypsychological

问题3选项

A.dutytoone'sfamilyandrelations

B.earlytoilettrainingcombinedwithrestrictivemovement

C.heavyexternalcontrolincludingbothverbalandphysicalpunishment

D.apermissiveatmospherealmostuntilpuberty

问题4选项

A.sublimatingthe"rough"soultopermitascendancyofthe"gentle"soul

B.fulfillingone'sobligationstoothers

C.doinggoodandavoidingevil

D.beingfriendlyandcourteoustoallpeople

问题5选项

A.thepursuitofhappiness

B.rewardintheafterlife

C.ahappyendingtoone'sactivities

D.fulfillingone'sduty

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段“Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.”日本哲学家坚持认为,人性本身是好的,一个人不需要与自己的任何一部分作斗争。他只需要学习如何在适当的时候恰当地使用每一个灵魂。所以选项A符合原文。

2.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.”这种要求一开始是温和的,根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整,随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了,可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项C符合原文。

3.本题与上一题意思相近,这种要求一开始是温和的,根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整,随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了,可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第一段中提到的“VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.”可知选项B符合原文。

5.根据第一段的后半部分的内容可知,对于日本人来说,存在的目的就是履行职责。所以选项D正确。

23.单选题

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasily_____foramonthorayearasforasingleday.

问题1选项

A.putup

B.stayup

C.speedup

D.makeup

【答案】A

【解析】putup在某地投宿;stayup熬夜,不睡觉;speedup加速;makeup组成,化妆,整理。句意：带着这些东西到任何地方,他都可以轻松地住上一个月或一年,就好像只住一天一样。选项A符合句意。

24.单选题

CNBC,thecablebusinessnetwork,andtheNewYorkTimeshavejoinedforcestocreateanallianceagainstacommon_______:RupertMurdoch'sNewsCorp.

问题1选项

A.void

B.foe

C.cockpit

D.gist

【答案】B

【解析】void空间,空虚;foe反对者,敌人,对手;cockpit驾驶员座舱,战场;gist主旨,要点。句意：有线商业网络CNBC（消费者新闻与商业频道）和《纽约时报》联手创建了一个联盟来对抗共同的竞争对手:RupertMurdoch的新闻集团。选项B符合句意。

25.单选题

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust_______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】improve改善,增进;enhance增加,提高;guarantee保证,担保;gear适合。句意：为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存,我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和品种适应世界市场的需求。gearto使适应,所以选项D正确。

26.单选题

Pickadiseaseatrandom,andthechancesarethatfemalesandmaleswillhandlethepain_______withitdifferently.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.combined

C.associated

D.compared

【答案】A

【解析】connect连接,联合;combine使联合,使结合;associate联想，使联合；compare比较,匹敌。句意：随机选择一种疾病，很可能女性和男性会以不同的方式处理与之相关的疼痛。选项A符合句意。

27.单选题

Althoughhewasnotcaughtcheatingontheexam,thefeelingofguilt_______overandoveragain.

问题1选项

A.ascended

B.conquered

C.secured

D.recurred

【答案】D

【解析】ascended上升,追溯;conquered战胜,征服;secured安全的,有把握的;recurred重现。句意：虽然他在考试中作弊没有被抓,但他的负罪感还是一遍又一遍地浮现。选项D符合句意。

28.写作题

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大学的功能

2.大学是否实现了目标

3.如何改进

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmostst