初中代词知识汇总概要

专题二代词、人称代词1.人称代词的主格、宾格，表格如下:数人消、格\\单数复数一二三一二三主格IyouShe,he,itweyouthey宾格meyouher,him,itusyouthem人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。Ilovemycountry.Sheisagoodstudent.人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。Idon'tknowher.Hismotheriswaitingforhimoutside.一Whoisit?—It'sme.3.人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列充当主语时，他们的顺序是：单数形式（二、三、一）you,heandI复数形式（一、二、三）we,youandthey、物主代词.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，表格如下:数人称词义单数复数一一二一一二我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs.形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。Hisparentsarebothofficeworkers.MynameisJack.名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已提及的名词，相当于 形容词性物主代词+名词”。-Thisismydictionary.Whereisyours?—It'sovertheonthebed.Myideaisquitedifferentfromhers..名词性物主代词可用在 of后面作定语，相当于"of名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。Heisafriendofmine.（我的一个朋友）、反身代词.反身代词的单复数形式表格如下:数人称单数复数第人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称Yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves <「他们自己她们自己|它们自己.反身代词的用法Thelittleboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.（作宾语）Ihopeyoucanenjoyyourselvesattheparty.（作宾语）Thechildrenmademodelplanesthemsekes.（作同位语）Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.（作宾语）.反身代词的常用词组teachoneself自学learnbyoneself自学enjoyoneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴helponeselfto随便吃 cometooneself苏醒hurtoneself受伤byoneself亲自四、指示代词.指示代词表格如下：单数thisthat复数thatthose.指示代词的用法this/these①近指。Thisismypen.Thesearemybooks.②指下文要提到的事。Pleaserememberthis:Nopains,nogains.that/those①远指。That'sherbike.②.指前面刚刚提到过的事、Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn 'tgotoschool..打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方。ThisisMikespeaking.我是麦克。Who'sthat?你是谁？五、疑问代词的用法。疑问代词主要用法例句who作主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后）Whowantstogowithme?Whoareyoutalking?whomwho的宾格形式，作宾语Whomareyoutalking?/Towhomareyoutalking?whosewho的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语、定语Whosebookisthis?what/whowhat询问杲人的职业一What'syourfather?-Heisaworker.who询问杲人的身份、姓名-Whoistheboyunderthetree?一HeisLiMing.what/whichwhat指不定数目中的哪一个，那一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定-Whoistheboyunderthetree?一HeisLiMing.which哪一个"，指在一定范围内特指的人或物Whatwouldyoulike?常考点清单二、普通不定代词及复合不定代词.初中阶段常用普通不定代词表格如下:some,anyfew,littlenone,many,mucheither,neitherone,each,everyboth,allother.普通不定代词的用法some与anySome与any均表示.些"，既可修饰可数名词， 也可修饰不可数名词：some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用 some。Therearen'tanystudentsintheclassroom.-Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?-Yes,please.many与muchMany修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度 so,too,as,how连用。Therearetoomanymistakesinyourexercises.Henevereatssomuchbreakfast.Hehasgottoomuchworktodo.either与neitherEither指两个之中其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。常构成固定搭配either/neitherof+名(代)词的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数)；当either…。厂•和neither…nor,••连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.Neitherofthebooksisgood.EitheryouorIamgoingtoAmerica.both与allboth表示两者都“，常与and连用；all指土者或三者以上都BothsheandIarestudents.

Bothplansaregood.Allofusshouldgothere.Theyallagreetostayhere.each与everyeach和every都表示每一个"之意，each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad.Eachstudentpassedtheexam.EachofuswearsayellowT-shirt.（二）复合不定代词somebody某人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每个人someoneanyonenooneeveryone某人任何人没有人每人somethinganythingnothingeverything某事任何事没启东西每件事Doyouhaveanythingspecialtotellmetoday?你今天有什么特别的事告诉我吗？Listentome,boysandgirls.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.同学们，听我说，我有一些事情要告诉你们。一Isthereanythinginthecup? 杯子里有东西吗？一No,thereisnothing.没有，什么也没有。一、/注息：.当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词如 everybody,nobody,anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词 they;当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词如 everything,anything,nothing,something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词 it.Everybodyishere,aren'大they在这，是吗?Everythingisready,isn 一切都般备好了，是吗?.当形容词或else（另外）修饰复合不定代词something,everything,everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。XiaoMing,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.小明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?我们还需要——个助手。 你能再给我们找一个吗？.everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人；everyone既可指人也可指物， 还可以和of短语连用。Iwouldlikeeveryonetobehappy.我希望人人者B幸福Everyone/everyonelikesMary. 大家者B喜欢玛丽。Ihavekepteveryoneofherletters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。Shetookmybottlesofwhiskyandemptiedeveryonedownthesink.我把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全倒进水池子里去了。二、代词it的用法s..指代前面提到过的事物。s.Thisisnotmybook.ItisJim.用来代替指示代词this或that一What'sthis?—It'sapencil..指婴儿或不明身份的人。Someoneisknockingatthedoor,pleasegoandseewhoitis..指时间或季节。一What'sthetimenow?—It'steno'clock..表天气。一What'stheweatherliketoday?—It'ssunny..表距离Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?.用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：⑴Itis+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.Itisimportantforustoworkhard.It'stimetoloo/that…It'timetogetup/forlunch/thatwegohome.Itseemsthat •・看起来好像 It'soneurntodo轮到某人做 It'sydurntosing.It's+adj.+IthOtJ.作形式宾语Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?.弓I导强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它成分”。Itisourhopethatourcitybecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.三、it,one,that作代词时的区别it特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。Thebookismine.It'sveryinteresting是我的，它很有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。一Whohasapen?谁有钢笔？-Ihaveone.我有一支。that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter. 冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。易混点清单否定few（几乎没有）little （几乎没有）Wouldyoupleasebuysomesaltforme,Tony?Thereislittleleft.托尼，可以给我买些盐吗？已经快没有了。Hehassolittlemoneythathecan'taffordthe确的钱太少了，买不起这本书。三、other;theother;others;theothers;another不定代词意义用法说明other另外的只做定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等时，则可与单数名词连用theother两者中另一个常与连用，构成“one…,theother…,作定语修饰复数名词时，表示其余的全部”others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some,others…theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的复数形式，特指其余的人或物another任何一个，另,个指三者或二者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词代词中考练习一where'sMrsLitakingPollyandMickey? She'stakingacrossthestreet.A.themB.usC.youD.it2.Believeyourself. You'rebetterthanyou'rethebest.Wishyousuccess!A.anyoneelseB.someoneelseC.elseanyone3.Readingcanincreaseyourwords.Whenyouread,youwillfindwordsrepeatsandbuildupyourvocabularyquickly.A.ourselvesB.itselfC.themselves4.lookatthephoto.ThegirlbesideisNancy.A.IB.myC.meD.mine5.Itriedseveraljacketson,butofthemlookedgood.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither6. Areyou fromAmerica? No,noneofus.A.bothB.allC.anyD.mine.I’mgoingskating.Wouldyouliketogowith ?A.meB.IC.myD.mine.I’mhungry.Iwant toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing. istoodifficultifyouputyoureffortintoit.A.AnythingB.SomethingC.NothingD.Everything.HisnameisJamesbuthecalls Jim.A.hisB.himselfC.himD./. Thestoryissoamazing!It ’sthemostinterestingstoryI’veeverread. ButI’mafraiditwon’tbelikedby .A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody.Julieenjoyslisteningtomusicverymuch.Sheoftensaystomethat ismoreinterestingthanmusic.A.nothingB.somethingC.everything.Therearemanytallbuildingson sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.bothtspeaktome.---IsawTonyattheparty.Buthedidntspeaktome evening. Maybehedidn’tseeyou.A.allB.everyC.eitherD.another.Ihavegotmanycollectingsofsnowglobes.youmaytake oneifyoulike.A.eitherB.oneC.itD.none. Whoissinginginthenextroom? mustbeMarieA.ItB.SheC.ThisD.There.ThemachinesmadeinChinaarecheaperthan madeinJapan.A.onesB.thatC.thoseD.it. IsthenovelJourneytothewest book? No,it’sHelen’s.Ileft athome.A.your,myB.yours,mineC.you,itD.your,mine. Whydoyoulikethemusicthatsoundsnotsoexciting? Themusicreminds ofmyboyhood.A.mineB.meC.myD.myself. Yourwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy ? Inshanghai.Doyouwanttohave likethis?A.it,oneB.it,itC.one,itD.one,one代词中考练习二.---Didyouenjoy attheparty,Jimmy?---Yes,Mum.Ienioyed verymuch.A.yours,ourselvesB.yourselves,myselfC.yourself,myselfD.yourselves,ourselves.--- doesyourcousinlooklike?---He’stallandthin.A.WhatB.whereC.WhoD.which.JohnandDickyaretoobusytohelpus.Let ’sdoitA.herselfB.himselfC.themselvesD.ourselves.Therearemanytreeson sideoftheriver.A.bothB.eitherC.all.Therepearsinmybasketaresmallerthan inJim.A.itB.thatC.onesD.those. Is readyforthejourney? No.Wehaven’tgotacamera.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything.---Isthere intoday’snewspaper? Yes.ShenzhouVIwillbesentupintospaceinthenearfuture.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.AllA.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.AllA.nothingnewB.newnothingC.anythingnewD.newanything. Who’syourEnglishteacher? MissGao.Sheteach Englishverywell.A.ourB.usC.oursD.we. WhohelpedyouwithyourEnglish? !Ilearneditallbymyself.A.NobodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Everybody.---Doyouliketalkingwithyourfriendsonthetelephoneormobilephone?--- .IenjoyusingQQ.A.EitherB.NeitherC.NoneD.Both.---John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning? Oh,whowas ?A.heB.sheC.itD.that. WhataboutthisT—Shirt? Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowme one.A.otherB.theothe