2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号87

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

ThespeakerannouncedthatthePresidentwouldconvenehistopaidesfortheregularmeetingbuthedidn't（）thetimeandplace.

问题1选项

A.designate

B.denote

C.manifest

D.specify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:designate“指定”；B:donate“捐赠”；C:manifest“证明，显示”；D:;specify“详细说明”。句意：发言人声称总统将召集他的高级副官举行定期会议，但是他并没有详细说明时间和地点。结合句意可知D为正确答案。

2.单选题

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldofsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization.TheHomofAfrica,embracingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastfewsmallpoxriddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme(SEP)gotunderwaytherein1971.

Manyofthe25millioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildnessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchformidablecountrywasexacerbatedfurtherbythecontinuouswarfareinthearea.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment."Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—--informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.

Oftentheserumorsturnedouttobecasesofmeasles,chickenpoxorsyphilis—-butnothingcouldbelefttochance.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-year-oldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageintheOgadeninthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungnomadvisitor.LeavingthevillagethenomadhadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Therebeinfected3,000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecook,Ali.Itwasafurther14monthsbeforetheelusive"targetzero"—nofurthercases—wasreached.

Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.Theflowofrumorshasnowdiminishedtoatrickle—buteachmuststillbecheckedbyaqualifiedperson.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeanInternationalCommissioncandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.

1.AliMaowMaalin’scaseissignificantbecausehewasthe（

）.

2.Theworktostampoutsmallpoxwasmademoredifficultby（

）.

3.Thevolunteersmentionedwerepaidto（

）.

4.Nowadays,smallpoxinvestigationsareonlycarriedout（

）.

问题1选项

A.lastpersontobecuredofsmallpoxinSomalia.

B.lastknownsuffererofsmallpoxintheworld

C.firstsmallpoxvictimintheHomofAfrica

D.firstSomaliantobevaccinatedforsmallpox

问题2选项

A.people'sunwillingnesstoreportcases

B.thelackofvaccine

C.thebackwardnessoftheregion

D.theincessantlocalwars

问题3选项

A.findoutaboutthereportedcasesofsmallpox.

B.vaccinatepeopleinremoteareas

C.teachpeoplehowtotreatsmallpox.

D.preventinfectedpeoplefrommovingaround

问题4选项

A.atregulartwo-yearlyintervals

B.whennewsofanoutbreakoccurs.

C.inthoseareaswithprevioushistoryofthedisease

D.byatrainedprofessional

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“AliMaowMaalin”定位到原文首段“Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.”，中文翻译：世界上最后一例已知的天花病例发生在索马里，非洲之角，于1977年10月。受害者是名叫阿里•马林的年轻厨师。他的病例成为医学史上的一个里程碑，因为天花是有史以来第一种被根除的传染病。可以推断出答案选择B“世界上最后一位已知的天花患者”。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段“Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻译为：疫苗用于减少疾病发生率的蔓延，但是，这场“战争”的成功取决于志愿者的工作。这些人是按日计酬的，然后他们为寻找“谣言”一一有关可能是天花病历的信息而步行数百里。可知，A项“人们不愿意报告病历”符合题目描述。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段“Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof‘rumors’—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻译为：这些人是按日计酬的，然后他们为寻找“谣言”一一有关可能是天花病历的信息而步行数百里。可知。A选项“调查发生的天花病例”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文倒数第二段“Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin‘highrisk’areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.”，中文翻译为：即使是现在，搜索工作仍在“高风险”地区和该国中一段时间没有接受检查的地区继续进行。C选项“在那些有这种疾病史的地区”符合题意。

3.单选题

Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.

问题1选项

A.labeled

B.attached

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）贴在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的报纸上发表了一份声明以及一份附加在文件上的清单。结合句意，故B为正确答案。

4.单选题

Theboyssmoked（）becausetheyfearedtheywouldbescoldedbytheparents.

问题1选项

A.onthesly

B.ontheside

C.tothepoint

D.onthespot

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:onthesly“秘密地；暗地里”；B:ontheside“作为副业；秘密地；非法地”;C:tothepoint“中肯，扼要”；D:onthespot“当场；现场；在现场”。句意：因为他们害怕父母责骂，所以这些男孩偷偷抽烟。根据后文：becausetheyfearedtheywouldbescoldedbytheparents.可知A符合语境，为正确答案。

5.单选题

OnmanyissuesJohnandMaryfoundthemselvesseriously（）.

问题1选项

A.atodds

B.atrandom

C.atintervals

D.athaphazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A:atodds“争执；不一致”；B:atrandom“随机地”；C:atintervals“不时”；D:athaphazard“偶然地”。句意：约翰和玛丽发现他们自己在许多问题上不一致。根据句意，A为正确答案。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

TherewardofforesightforthisnationisgreatandeasilyforetolD.Buttheremustbethelookahead,theremustbearealizationofthefactthattowaste,todestroy,ournaturalresources,toskinandexhaustthelandinsteadofusingitsoastoincreaseitsusefulness,willresultinundermininginthedaysofourchildrentheveryprosperitywhichweoughtbyrighttohanddowntothemamplifiedanddeveloped.

Optimismisagoodcharacteristic,butifcarriedtoanexcessitbecomesfoolishness.Wearepronetospeakoftheresourcesofthiscountryasinexhaustible;thisisnotso.Themineralwealthofthecountry,thecoal,iron,oil,gas,andthelike,doesnotreproduceitselfandthereforeiscertaintobeexhaustedultimately;andwastefulnessindealingwithittodaymeansthatourdescendantswillfeeltheexhaustionagenerationortwobeforetheyotherwisewould.

【答案】对这个国家来说，远见的回报是巨大的而且很容易预测。但是，我们必须向前看，而且必须认识到一个事实：如果浪费、破坏我们的自然资源，挖掘和消耗我们的土地，而不是增加土地的利用率，那么，这将破坏我们理应传给后代的成熟且发展的繁荣。

乐观主义是一个好的性格特征，但是如果过于乐观就是愚蠢。我们喜欢说我国的资源取之不尽、用之不竭，但是情况并非如此。国家的矿藏如煤、铁、石油、天然气等都不能再生，因此终将枯竭。现在浪费将意味着我们的后代比正常情况提前一或二代就感到资源的枯竭。

7.单选题

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（）.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:admitted“承认”；B:acknowledged“鸣谢；承认”；C:absorbed“吸收”；D:considered“考虑”。句意：在这家工厂里，建议往往要等上几个月才能完全被采纳。根据语境可知D为正确答案。

8.单选题

Themobwas（）bythefieryspeechandthentheymarcheddownthemainstreet,andsetmanyChinesestoresonfire.

问题1选项

A.wakened

B.aroused

C.inspired

D.agitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:wake“唤醒”；B:arouse“引起，唤醒”；C:inspire“鼓舞，激发”；D:agitate“动摇，煽动，使激动”。句意：暴民被激烈的演说煽动，纷纷走上街头，把很多中国的商店点着了。根据句意和关键词：暴民、激烈的演说可知D为正确答案。

9.单选题

Thetheoryputforwardbyafamousscholarataninternationalconferencecontradictsthe（）principlesofthesphereofarchitecture.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.precise

C.appropriate

D.proper

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:particular“专指的，特指的”；B:precise“清晰的；精确的；精细的”；C:appropriate“适当的”；D:proper“境界；限度；范围”。句意：—位著名学者在一次国际会议上提出的理论与建筑领域的特定原则相矛盾。被修饰的名词为“principles原理”，因此可知A为正确答案。

10.单选题

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,（

）anoutburstofinterest.

问题1选项

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项flare“闪光，闪耀”；B选项glitter“闪闪发光，闪烁”；C选项spark“发动，激起”；D选项flash“闪光，闪现”。句意：去年十月传到出版商那儿的215页的手稿激发起他们浓厚的兴趣。根据句意，C选项正确。

11.单选题

ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,（）byDr.SamuelJohnson,wasthefirstrealattemptasasystematicandinterestinglywrittensurveyofEnglishusage.

问题1选项

A.constructed

B.composed

C.compiled

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:construct“构造，建造；创立”；B:compose“构成；写作”；C:compile“编辑”；D:collect“收集；募捐”。句意：英语词典是由塞缪尔•约翰逊博士编译的，是第一次真正作为一个系统且有趣的书面研究英语的尝试。结合语境，此处表示编辑英语词典，故C为正确答案。

12.单选题

ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHanlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmerica'shouldbeexpanded.

TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660's,thepositionofWhileservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimproving,duringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlin’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630sonchatpointstoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimes,stoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatusthetwoattributesoftrueslavery-yetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins'argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.

Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmericA.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericA.Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlogicalinferencetobedrawnfromthepassageabouttheeffectsof“severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures”(lines11)passedduringandafterthe1660’s?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofBlackpeopleintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericabeforethe1660'swouldtheauthorbeLEASTlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,theHandlinshavearguedwhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof（）.

5.TheauthorconsiderstheFreyreandTannenbaumforthetreatmentaccordedBlackslavesintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericatobe（）.

问题1选项

A.Theactsnegativelyaffectedthepre-1660'spositionofBlackaswellasofwhiteservants

B.TheactshadtheeffectofimpartingratherthanimprovingthepositionofWhiteservantsrelativetowhatithadbeenbeforethe1660's

C.TheactshadadifferenteffectonthepositionofWhiteservantsthandidmanyoftheactspassedduringthistimebythelegislaturesofothercolonies

D.Theacts,attheveryleastcausedthepositionofWhiteservantstoremainnobetterthanithadbeenbeforethe1660's

问题2选项

A.AlthoughBlackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves,theywereoftencalledslaves

B.Althoughsubjecttosomediscrimination;Blackpeoplehadaheightlegalstatusthantheydidafterthe1660’s.

C.Althoughsometimessubjecttolifetimeservitude,Blackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves.

D.AlthoughoftennottreatedthesameasWhitepeople,Blackpeople,likemanyWhitepeople,possessedthelegalstatusofservants.

问题3选项

A.Racialprejudiceandtheinstitutionofslaveryarosesimultaneously

B.Racialprejudicemostoftentooktheformoftheimpositionofinheritedstatus,oneortheattributesofslavery

C.Thesourceofracialprejudicewastheinstitutionofslavery

D.BecauseoftheinfluenceoftheRomanCatholicChurch,racialprejudicesometimesdidnotresultinslaveryslay

问题4选项

A.extendingratherthancausingracialprejudiceinthesecolonies

B.hasteningthelegalizationofslaveryinthesecolonies

C.mitigatingsomeoftheconditionsofslaveryforBlackpeopleinthesecolonies

D.delayingtheintroductionofslaveryintotheEnglishcolonies

问题5选项

A.ambitiousbutmisguided

B.validbutlimited

C.popularbutsuspect

D.anachronisticandcontroversial

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures可以定位到文章中“TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660,s,thepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.”中文翻译为：汉林夫妇认为，在17世纪60年代，白人仆人的地位相对于黑人仆人的地位正在改善，从而解释了法律奴隶制的出现。以及原文中“Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.”，中文翻译为：.因此，黑奴和白种人争论不休，黑人和白人仆人历来待遇相同，每个人都获得了不同的地位。然而，对于这一论点，有一些重要的反对意见；和原文“First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.”，中文翻译为：首先，马里兰州和维吉尼亚州立法机构的几项法案表明，17世纪60年代期间和之后，这位白人仆人的地位并没有得到充分证明。可以推测出白人仆人的地位没有提高，因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.”中文翻译为：在北美英国殖民地大法规中，只有在1660年之后才首次对奴隶制度有所提及，即黑人被输入到美洲后的四十年。“Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothel660’swasthatofservants.”，中文翻译为：唯恐我认为奴隶制度事实上的存在先于其法律上的存在，奥斯卡和玛丽•汉德林使我们相信，直到十七世纪六十年代为止，黑人的地位是充当佣人。以及“Itistruethatbeforethe1660'sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.”中文翻译为：的确，在1660年以前，黑人很少被称为奴隶。可以推测出A选项是作者最不可能同意的观点。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.”中文翻译为：这种可能性具有重要的意义。以及“IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.”，中文翻译为：假若从一开始起黑人就遭到歧视，那么，法律上的奴隶制度应被视作种族歧视的一种反应和延伸，而不应像包括汉德林夫妇在内的许多史学家所指出的那样，被视作种族偏见的起因。可以推测出C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.”中文翻译为：弗雷尔和坦纳博不无道理指出，北美洲某些传统的缺失一一比如古罗马有关奴隶制度的观念以及罗马天主对于平等的强调一一可以说明黑人奴隶在那里的待遇要比在南美洲西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地的黑人奴隶的待遇更为苛刻。可以得知C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyargued...”中文翻译为:“弗雷尔和坦纳博正确地主张了/论证了……”以及“Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.”中文翻译为：但是，这并不能成为一种完整的解释，因为仅仅是从反面进行的，以某些事物的缺乏为其依据。可以推测出B选项正确。

13.单选题

Thegreatestadvantageofthemarketeconomyisthatitcan（）thedistributionofthenaturalresourcesandmanpower.

问题1选项

A.optimize

B.maximize

C.minimize

D.allocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:optimize“使最优化；使尽可能有效”；B:maximize“最大化”；C:minimize“最小化”；D:allocate“分配”。句意：市场经济的最大优势是它能最优化自然资源和人力的分配。结合语境，由前文谈及了市场经济的优势，以及宾语“distribution分配”可知，A为正确答案。

14.单选题

Thenegotiationshave（）again,andtherepresentativeshaveallbeencalledback.

问题1选项

A.brokenout

B.brokenoff

C.brokenthrough

D.brokeninto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组。A:breakout“突然发生，爆发”；B:breakoff“（使）脱离；停止；中断”；C:breakthrough“突破”；D:breakinto“闯进”。句意：谈判又中断了，代表们都被召回了。结合语境，B为正确答案。

15.单选题

He（）myauthoritybyallowingthechildrentodothingsthatIhaveforbidden.

问题1选项

A.impaired

B.disabled

C.undermined

D.undid

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:impair“损伤”；B:disable“使失去能力”；C:undermine“破坏，渐渐破坏”；；D:undo“取消”。句意：他通过允许孩子们做我明令禁止的事情，破坏了我的权威。结合句意，故C为正确答案。

16.单选题

Ihaveneverlaid（）tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“声称……的权力，自称有知识等”。句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。结合句意，故D为正确答案。

17.单选题

Millionshavebeenmadebystates,organizations,corporationsandindividuals（）gamblingactivities,andnewmillionairesareconstantlybeingcreated.

问题1选项

A.sponsoring

B.promoting

C.guaranteeing

D.founding

【答案】A

【解析】考查分词。A:sponsoring“赞助；支持”；B:promoting“促进，晋升”；C:guaranteeing“保证，担保”；D:founding“创办”。句意：组织赌博活动的州府、组织、公司及个人赚了数以百万计的钱，新的百万富翁在不断地出现。赌博活动和州、政府等之间是“发起、组织”的关系，结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

18.单选题

Infact,theU.SCongress（）totheBritishParliamentastheybothhavetherighttomakelaws.

问题1选项

A.agrees

B.corresponds

C.matches

D.coincides

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:agree“同意”；B:corresponds(to)“相当于”；C:match“匹配”；D:;coincide“一致”。句意：事实上，美国国会相当于英国议会，因为它们在制定法律方面权力相同。此处使用固定搭配coincidewith，故B为正确答案。

19.单选题

Aftercompletingthebigdictionarywhichwaspopularlyreceivedbyreaders,thisfamousscholarsetouttocompilea（）toit.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.supplement

C.accessory

D.helper

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:complement“补足物”；B:supplement“增补，补充”；C:accessory“附件”；D:helper“助手”。句意：在完成了这部被读者普遍接受的大字典之后，这位著名的学者打算对其补充。根据句意判断出B为正确答案。

20.单选题

Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally（）becauseofthebadweather.

问题1选项

A.setoff

B.brokeoff

C.wornoff

D.calledoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组。A:setoff“出发；（使）开始”；B:brokeoff“突然停止”；C:wornoff“磨损”；D:calledoff“取消”。句意：原定于上星期五举行的运动会，由于天气不好，最终取消。结合语境，可知D为正确答案。

21.单选题

Evidencecameup（）specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

问题1选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，婴儿在6个月大时就能识别特定的语音。结合此处语境，comeup意为“发生；出现”，则后文不接宾语，此外空格后是完整的句子，因此，后文是充当evidence的同位语，则C项that引导同位语从句。因此C为正确答案。

22.单选题

Conscience（）himdayandnightafterhesawthemiseriesotherchildwhichwascausedbyhismisdoingswithhisowneyes.

问题1选项

A.racks

B.persecutes

C.maltreats

D.abuses

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A:rack“折磨”；B:persecute“迫害”；C:maltreat“虐待”；D:abuse“滥用”。句意：在他看到其他孩子由于他的失误所造成的痛苦之后，良心一直折磨着他。良心应和折磨搭配，因此A符合题意。

23.单选题

Hehasbeen（）alotofpressureonmetochangemymind.

问题1选项

A.employing

B.exerting

C.endeavoring

D.aspiring

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。exertpressureon...表示“给……施加压力”。句意：他对我施加了很大的压力，要求我改变主意。结合句意，故B为正确答案。

24.单选题

Lastyear,thegovernmentaskedtheUniversityofNottinghamtocarryoutresearchontheskillsofuniversitystudents.Thefindingsconfirmthedisquietofemployersatthelackofbasicskillstheyobserveinsomegraduates.Britishuniversitieshaveusuallyadmittedonlythebeststudents,soitissurprisingtoreadaboutthesefindings.

Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).

Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability-improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.Ifweaddintheseskillareas,theresearchshowsthatonlyaboutadozenstudentsamongnearlytwohundredtestedacrosstenuniversitiesscoredtopmarks.

Notmanyuniversitiesfocusonthesegeneral,basicskills.Indeed,manyuniversitiesassumethattheirhighly-qualifiedifincomingstudentshavealltheseskills.Butaretheyrighttoassumethat?Iftheyarenot,thenuniversityeducatorsmayhavetostartpayingmoreattentiontodevelopingsuchskillsthantheyhaveinthepast.

Itisofcoursepossibletogetagooddegree,evenfromatopclassuniversity,andnotnecessarilyifhaveall-roundskillsnecessaryforoperatinginemploymentandeverydaysituations.SomegraduatesarenotgoodatIT;othershavedifficultyintheapplicationofnumberskills.Manyarepoorincommunicationskillsinspeech,orwriting,orboth.Forexample,manyemployersnotethatevenhighly-qualifiedgraduateshavedifficultyingivingaclearexplanationofsomethingtheyunderstandtoagroupofpeoplelistening.

Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool;however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.

TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedto-betreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.(Butevenifwedoubledthenumberofstudentstestedwhoachievedlevel3onourtests-justbelowtheminimumlevelrequiredbyemployerstwothirdsoffirstyearstudentswouldnotnutachievetheseminimumlevels.

Eachofthestudentstookpartinatwo-and-a-halfhourassessmentsession.Duringthissessiontheycompletedpencilandpapertests.Theyalsodidagroupexerciseandpresentation,duringwhichtheyhadtoworkwithothers,andtheneachinturnpresentanoralreport.Inaddition,theywereaskedtocompleteaself-reportquestionnairecoveringtheirknowledgeandexperienceofIT.

Manywouldarguethatbeingbrilliantinanyoneortwooftheseskillsisnotenough,studentsshouldreallyhaveanall-roundabilityinalltheseskillareas.Thestoryismuchlessencouragingwhenwelookatsuccessinacombinationofskills.Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas.

Thefactisthatuniversitycoursesvaryagreatdeal.Insomeinstances,theyallowstudentstodoverywellatcertainthingsthatarehighlyvaluedwithintheiracademicfielD.However,thesequalitiesmaynottransfereasilytoothersituations.Manyemployersgotoparticularinstitutions,andparticulardegreesubjectshopingtofindthekindofgraduatetheywant.Thegovernmentisnowconsideringwaysinwhichtrainingintheseskillscanbebuiltintoeverydegreeprogrammedoffered.

Thismaystrikefearintotheheartsofmanyuniversitylecturers,whoarealreadyhavingtocopewithmuchgreaterdemandsontheirteachingandresearchskills.However,thereisreasontobelievethatsomeinstitutionsarealreadydealingwiththeproblem,andwithsomesuccess.Forexample,theUniversityofLoughborough(nearNottingham)hasanexcellentprogrammeinstudyandITskills,andtheUniversitychecksonstudents'skillsastheyproceedthroughtheircourses.Theseuniversitiesnowrealizethatbasicskillsnotonlyhelptheirstudentstolearnmoreeffectively,theyalsomakethemmoreemployableoncetheyhavelefttheuniversity.

1.Whatarethebasicskillsoftheuniversitygraduates?

2.Somearguedthatotherbasicskillslike（）arealsoexpected.

3.Usually,achievementofthesebasicskillsisnotnormallyrequiredin（）.

4.WhyshouldtheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveybetreatedwithsomecare?

5.Howmuchpercentofthesampledachievedacceptablelevelinallfiveskillsareasaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Communication

B.Applicationofnumber

C.Informationtechnology

D.Alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.theabilitytoimprovetheirownlearning

B.theabilitytomakeindependentdecision

C.theabilitytoexplainsomethingclearly

D.theabilityofpassingpapertests

问题3选项

A.colleges

B.highschools

C.communication

D.graduate

问题4选项

A.Thesurveyisnotaccurate

B.Thesurveyisnotacceptedbythepublic

C.Mostofthestudentsaretopstudentsintheuniversity

D.Thesurveyonlyassessedasmallpartofthestudents.

问题5选项

A.6%

B.5%

C.30%

D.44%

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词basicskills可以定位到文章第中“Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).”中文翻译为：研究表明，在沟通、应用数字和信息技术这三项关键技能方面，只有不到五分之一的大学生达到了18岁聪明学生的期望水平。可以得知这三项都是大学生的基本技能。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability_improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.”中文翻译为：―些人认为，在其他两个关键技能领域中，学生可能会表现出一定的能力,提高自己的学习能力，以及与他人合作。可以得知A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中“Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool”中文翻译为：高中通常不要求取得这些技能。以及“however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.”，中文翻译为：然而，人们可能会期望学生在这些技能上比他们更好。可以得知B选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“betreatedwithsomecare”可以定位到文章中“TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedtobetreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.”中文翻译为：诺丁汉大学的调查结果需要谨慎对待：样本很小，我们只对一天中可能出现在某一时间的学生进行评估；我们无法评估每项技能的每个方面。可以得知D选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干关键词achievedacceptablelevel可以定位到文章中“Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas”中文翻译为：在所有五个技能领域中，只有大约5%的样本达到了可接受的水平。可以得知B选项符合题意。

25.单选题

Thelackofgoods,servicesandhouseholdaids,broughtonbythe