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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeeathesidewalkwhileperchedonthetopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillionconespersquaremillimeterinitsretina.Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.Onceithitsthewater,theotherfoveajoinsin,allowingthekingfishertofocusbatheye,likebinoculars,onitpreyatthesametime.Afrogsvisionisdistinguishedbyitsabilitytoperceivethingsasaconstantmotionpicture.Knownas"bugdetectors",ahighlydevelopedsetofcellsinafrog'seyesrespondsmainlytomovingobjects.So,itissaidthatafrogsittinginafieldofdeadbugswouldn’tseethemasfoodandwouldstarve.

Thebeehasa“compound’’eye,whichisusedfornavigation.Ithas15,000facet,thatdividewhatitseenintoapatternofdots,ormosaic.Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineoffightinrelationtothesun.Abee's'eyealsogaugesflightspeed.Andifthatisnotenoughtoleaveour20/20“perfectvision,palingintoinsignificance,thebeeiscapableofseeingsomethingwecan't-ultravioletlight.Thus,whathumansconsidertobe"perfectvision"isinfactratherlimitedwhenwelookatotherspecies.However,thereisstillmuchtobesaidforthehumaneye.Ofallthemammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatescanenjoythepleasureofcolorvision.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whymightbirdsandanimalsconsiderhumansveryvisuallyhandicapped?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Theword"that”inline10referto(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Eyevariationamongdifferentspecies

B.Limitsofthehumaneye

C.Perfectvision

D.Differenteyesfordifferentuses

问题2选项

A.Humanscan'tseeverywellineitherairorwater.

B.Humanseyesarenotaswellsuitedtoourneeds.

C.Themainoutstandingfeatureofhumaneyesiscolorvision.

D.Humaneyescan'tdowhattheireyescan.

问题3选项

A.Kingfishershavemonocularvision.

B.Hawkseyesconsistmostlyofconesthatcanallowittoscanwithoneeyeatatime.

C.Humansarefarsightedinwater.

D.Beesseepatternsofdots.

问题4选项

A.Foveae

B.Areasoftheeye

C.Cones

D.Visualdistinction

问题5选项

A.Eyeshavedevelopeddifferentlyineachspecies

B.Beeshavethemostcomplexeyes

C.Humansshouldnotenvywhattheydon'tneed

D.Perfectvisionisnotperfect.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.试题解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段提到人类的视力与其他物种相比,并不是完美的,紧接着列举了几种不同动物的眼睛及其视力特征;第二段主要介绍了动物“蜜蜂”的眼睛特征,简要提到了只有人类和一些灵长类动物才能享受彩色视觉的乐趣。因此本文主要是介绍不同的眼睛有不同的用途,选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.(但是,对其他物种来说,能够读懂眼图上的底线并不能接近完美。大多数鸟类会认为我们视力很差)可知人类的视力比其他动物的视力要差,具有局限性,因此选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的whilethekingfisher...Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.(然而翠鸟……其中一个凹窝允许飞翔在空中的翠鸟不吋用一只眼瞳扫视水面的情况)可知B选项不是鹰眼的特征,而是翠鸟眼睛的特征,题干中问的是“NOTtrue”,因此选B。

4.词义题。根据题干信息“"that”inline10”定位至文章第一段中,由Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.(在水里,人类是远视的,而俯冲到水里捉鱼的翠鸟在水上和水下都能看清景物,因为它的眼睛里有两凹窝区域,这两个凹窝主要由具有视觉分辨能力的圆锥细胞组成)可知句中的“that”为关系代词,修饰前面的先行词“cones”,引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,因此选C。

5.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了人类眼睛的特点以及鹰、翠鸟、青蛙、蜜蜂这几种不同动物的眼睛特征与视力,因此A选项“每一物种的眼睛都有不同的发育”符合题意。

2.单选题

Wehavehasamarvelousholiday.Onlythelasttwodayswereslightly()byweather.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项damage“损害”;B选项enhance“提高、增强”;C选项spoil“破坏、掠夺”;D选项diminish“减少、缩小”,句意为:我们度过了一个美好的假期。只有最后两天因为天气有点扫兴。C选项符合句意。

3.单选题

ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,(

)vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.

问题1选项

A.couldbecomethemost

B.becomesthemost

C.tobecome

D.oneofthemostassuming

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配题。固定句型Itishardtoimaginehowsb./sth.coulddosth.表示“很难想象某人/某物是怎么做到……”,A选项正确。

4.单选题

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite(

)tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

问题1选项

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas“海外的,国外的”;B选项abroad“在国外”;C选项foreign“外国的,陌生的”;D选项offshore“近海的’;句意是‘主语theideaofhealthinsurance医疗保险’这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是…,C选项符合句意,正确。

5.单选题

()thelivestheystole,ourenemiesfailedtostopusfromachievingasingleoneofourstrategicobjectivesinIraq.

问题1选项

A.Butfor

B.Forall

C.Asfor

D.Whatfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查语义关系。A选项butfor“要不是、如果没有”;B选项forall“尽管、虽然”;C选项asfor“至于、关于”;D选项whatfor“为什么、为何目的”,句意为:尽管敌人夺走了我们的生命,但他们没能阻止我们实现在伊拉克的任何一个战略目标。因此选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Hewas()whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

问题1选项

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“难以置信的”;B选项inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”;C选项incredulous“怀疑的、不轻信的”;D选项indifferent“冷漠的、不关心的”,句意为:当他听到这个意外的消息时,他觉得不可思议,但我最终说服了他。A选项符合句意,因此选A。

7.写作题

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.China’sOpportunitiesandChallengeswiththeComingofGlobalization.

2.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingdamagedbyhuman,activity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

【答案】略

8.单选题

ForthepeoplewhohavenevertraveledacrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.ButforthepeoplewhocrossitfrequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanother,andtheydonotmakethevoyageforthe(1)ofitsinterest.Mostofusarequitehappywhenwefeel

(2)

togotobedandpleasedwhenthejourney

(3)

.

OnthefirstnightthistimeIfeltespeciallylazyandwenttobed

(4)

earlierthanusual.WhenI

(5)

mycabin,Iwassurprised

(6)

thatIwastohaveacompanionduringmytrip,whichmademefeelalittleunhappy.Ihadexpected

(7)

buttherewasasuitcase

(8)

mineintheoppositioncorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathewouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumightmeet

(9)

,exceptthathewaswearing

(10)

goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot

(11)

whoeverhewasanddidnotsay

(12)

.AsIhadexpected,hedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately.

IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalreadythemiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered

(13)

aswellasIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata

(14)

wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhadforgotten

(15)

thedoor,soIgotup

(16)

thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand

(17)

themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.

(18)

there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto

(19)

thedoormyself.Irealizedthatmycompanion

(20)

throughthewindowintothesea.

问题1选项

A.reason

B.motive

C.cause

D.sake

问题2选项

A.tiredenough

B.enoughtired

C.enoughtiring

D.enoughtiring

问题3选项

A.achieved

B.finish

C.isover

D.isintheend

问题4选项

A.quite

B.rather

C.fairly

D.somehow

问题5选项

A.arrivedin

B.reachedto

C.arrivedto

D.reachedat

问题6选项

A.forseeing

B.thatIsaw

C.atseeing

D.tosee

问题7选项

A.beinglonely

B.tobelonely

C.beingalone

D.tobealone

问题8选项

A.like

B.as

C.similarthan

D.thesamethat

问题9选项

A.ineachplace

B.forallparts

C.somewhere

D.anywhere

问题10选项

A.aso

B.so

C.sucha

D.such

问题11选项

A.treattogetherwell

B.passtogetherwell

C.getonwelltogether

D.gobywelltogether

问题12选项

A.himasingleword

B.himnotoneword

C.asinglewordtohim

D.notonewordtohim

问题13选项

A.upme

B.upmyself

C.uptomyself

D.myselfup

问题14选项

A.draft

B.voice

C.air

D.sound

问题15选项

A.toclose

B.closing

C.tohavetoclose

D.forclosing

问题16选项

A.toshut

B.forshutting

C.inshutting

D.butshut

问题17选项

A.whiledoinglikethat

B.asIdidlikethat

C.asIdidso

D.atdoingso

问题18选项

A.Itwasnoone

B.Therewasnoone

C.Itwasanyone

D.Therewasanyone

问题19选项

A.remindtolock

B.remembertolock

C.remindlocking

D.rememberlocking

问题20选项

A.hastojump

B.wastohavejumped

C.musthavejumped

D.couldbejumped.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:D

第11题:C

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:C

【解析】(1)固定搭配。Forthereasonof“原因是”;forthemotivateof“动机是”;forthecauseof“原因是”;forthesakeof“为了……”。句意:他们航行不是为了自己的兴趣。选项D符合题意。

(2)语法题。Tired“疲劳的”,修饰人;tiring“令人疲劳的”,修饰物。主语是we,所以排除C和D项。又因为enough修饰形容词需要后置,选项A符合题意。句意:当我们感到非常疲倦而上床睡觉时,大多数人都是愉快的。

(3)动词词义辨析。Achieve“达到”;finish“结束”;isover“结束”;没有搭配beintheend。句意:当旅途结束的时候。因为句子的主语为thejourney,根据主谓一致原则,谓语需用第三人称单数,选项A和B可排除。选项C符合题意。

(4)副词词义辨析。Quite“相当”;rather“相当”;fairly“公平地”;somehow“以某种方式,不知为何”。因为空格后为earlier形容词的比较级,rather可修饰比较级,句意:第一天晚上,我觉得特别懒,比平时更早上床睡觉。选项B符合题意。

(5)词组辨析。Arrivein“到达”;arriveto“达成”;reach为及物动词,后接宾语不需要介词。句意:当我到达船舱。选项A符合题意。

(6)固定搭配。根据固定搭配besurprisedatdoing“看到某事正惊讶”,besurprisedtodo“惊讶地看到某事”,besurprisedthat“惊讶于”,可排除选项A。句意:我很惊讶地看到,将有一个同伴和我一同旅行,这使我感到有点不开心。选项D符合题意。

(7)固定搭配。根据固定搭配expecttodosth.“期待做某事”,可排除A和C项。Lonely“孤独的”,强调内心感到孤独。Alone“单独的,一个人的”,不强调内心感受。句意:我期待一个的独处。选项D符合题意。

(8)固定搭配。没有固定搭配similarthan和thesamethat,所以C和D项可排除。Like和as都表示“像”,like后接名词和短语,as后接从句。句意:在对面的角落里有一个和我一样的手提箱。选项A符合题意。

(9)副词词义辨析。ineachplace“在每个地方”;forallparts“对于所有部分”;somewhere“在某处”;anywhere“在任何地方”。句意:他是那种你在任何地方都可能遇到的人。选项D符合题意。

(10)根据固定搭配so+adj./adv.+a/an+名词,such+a/an+adj./adv.+名词,因为clothes为复数,所以其前无需用冠词,选项A和C可排除。So短语的中心为形容词或副词,such短语中心词为名词。选项D符合题意。句意:他穿着如此好的衣服。

(11)固定搭配。根据固定搭配getonwelltogether“与……相处愉快”。句意:我打定主意我们不能在一起和睦相处。选项C符合题意。

(12)固定搭配,根据固定搭配saysth.tosb.“跟某人说某话”,选项A和B可排除。又因为空格前已经含有否定词not,所以这里无需再用否定。句意:不跟他说一句话。选项C符合题意。

(13)固定搭配,根据固定搭配coverup“盖住”,可排除选项C。又因为coverup为副词短语,宾语为名词,可放中间也可放后面,宾语为代词,只能放中间,所以正确表达应为covermyselfup。句意:我把我自己盖住。选项D符合题意。

(14)名词词义辨析。Draft“草稿,小股气流”;voice“人说话的声音”;air“空气”;sound“大自然的声音”。根据下文Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite,“冷空气从对面的窗户进来”,可知空格中应该填入的意思为“气流,空气”,选项B和D可排除。又因为冠词a,所以选项C可排除。句意:小股风从窗户进来。选项A符合题意。

(15)固定搭配。根据固定搭配forgettodo“忘记去做某事(未做)”;forgetdoing“忘记做过某事(已做)”。文章强调忘记关窗,未关窗,所以选项C和B可排除。因为没有搭配forgetfor,选项D可排除。句意:我认为我可能忘记关门了。选项A符合题意。

(16)语法题。根据文意,可知作者起床的目的是关门,介词to可表目的,句意:我认为我可能忘记关门了,于是我起床去关门。选项A符合题意。

(17)语法题。根据文意,表达的是“当我穿过房间的时候”,所以空格填入一个时间状语从句,at不能引导时间状从,选项D可排除。又因为while引导时间状从,强调动作发生的延续性,通常为进行式,as引导时间状从可作为主句动作发生的背景。句意:当我穿过房间的时候,我看到月光透过窗户照到另外一张床上。选项C符合题意。

(18)语法题。根据文章,表达的意思是“没有人”,所以选用therebe句型表示“有,存在”。选项A和C可排除。又因为noone“没有人”;anyone“任何人”,选项D可排除。句意:没有人在那儿。选项B符合题意。

(19)固定搭配。根据固定搭配remembertodo“记得去做某事(未做)”;rememberdoing“记得做过某事”。没有搭配remindtodo和reminddoing,选项A和C可排除。根据上文“Igotuptoclosethedoor,butfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside”,可知我起身要关上门,却发现门已经从里面锁上了。所以这里要表达的意思是记“想起来我自己关了门”,选项B可排除。句意:我花了一两分钟才想起自己已经锁门的事。选项D符合题意。

(20)语法题。固定搭配havetojump“不得不跳”;wastohavedone“本将跳”;musthavejumped“一定已经跳了”;couldbejumped“本可能跳了”。根据文意,表达的意思是推测我的同伴一定是从窗户跳进了海里。所以是对过去发生事情的肯定推测,用musthavedone。句意:我意识到我的同伴一定是从窗户跳进了海里。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Heisproudofhischildrenthatheoften()abouttheirsmallachievement.

问题1选项

A.exaggerates

B.asserts

C.boasts

D.toasts

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。exaggerate“夸大”;assert“断言”;boast“吹嘘”。exaggerate符合句意。本句意为“他为他的孩子们而感到骄傲,他经常夸大他们的小成就”,因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

I()havewrittentohimbecausehephonedmeshortlyafterwards.

问题1选项

A.needn’t

B.oughtn’tto

C.wouldn’t

D.shouldn’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone“本来不必做”,隐含实际上已经做了,从下文“此后不久他就给我打了电话”可知用needn’thavewrittentohim。句意为:我本不必写信给他,因为他后来不久就给我打了电话。A选项正确。

11.单选题

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizations---StaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoccupied"attimeswhendemandislow”.

Itisthesamewithhotels,becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceiscutshort.Asforusguests,wejusthavetoputupwithit.Thereisalsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeenthrownoutoftheirjobsintheinterestsof"efficiency”andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichoffereverythingfromlagertolaxatives.Nottomentionthetea-makingkitinyourroom:akettlewithamixedcollectionofteabags,plasticmilkboxesandlumpsugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idonot,especiallywhenIampayingfor“service”.

Canitbestopped,thisworseningofservice,thisgrowingattitudethatthecustomerisalwaysabore?Iangrilyhopesobecauseitishappening,sadly,inallwalksoflife.

Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere.

1.Thewriterfeelsthatnowadaysacustomer(

).

2.Thewriterarguesthatthequalityofserviceischangingbecause(

).

3.Accordingtothewriter,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby(

).

4.Serviceorganizationscontendthatkeepingallcheckoutcountersoperatedcanresultin(

).

5.Thewritersuggeststhatacustomer(

).

问题1选项

A.deservestheloweststatusinsociety

B.isunworthyofproperconsideration

C.receivesunexpectedqualityservice

D.isthevictimofsomepublicservices

问题2选项

A.customers'demandshavegreatlychanged

B.servicesprovidedneverbecomeconsistent

C.thestaffreceivemoreconsiderationthancustomers

D.staffmembersarelessconsideratethantheiremployers

问题3选项

A.difficultiesinhiringemployees

B.deliberateunderstaffing

C.lackofcooperationbetweenstaffmembers

D.employeesirresponsibility

问题4选项

A.demandsbycashiersforapayraise

B.insignificantbenefitsforthecustomers.

C.ariseinthecostforprovidingservice.

D.needstopurchaseexpensiveequipment

问题5选项

A.putupwiththerudemannersofthestaff

B.bepatientwhenqueuingbeforecheckoutcounters

C.trytocontrolhistemperwhenill-treated

D.gotootherplaceswheregoodserviceisavailable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目所问的是“作者认为现在的消费者如何?”文章第一段第一句话提到“我受够了被作为二等公民对待,仅仅因为我是一个被不公正对待的社会成员—一个消费者”(Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer),接下来谈及到在饭店、邮局、火车站、机场等地的一些经历,由这些可知选项D“是一些公共服务的受害者”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目所问的是“作者认为服务质量正在变化的原因是什么?”文章第二段第一句话提到“你有没有因为邮局或者超市没有足够的员工来安排他们的工作窗口或者收银台而排几个小时的队?”(Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?),选项C“对员工的考虑多余对顾客的考虑”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目所问的是“在作者看来,柜台前排长队的原因是什么?”文章提到之所以有时候需要排几个小时的对是因为员工配备少;而文章第二段第二句话提到“在现在这种高失业率的情况下,雇佣收银员或者柜台员工是很容易的”(Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff),因此可以推断并不是雇佣不到员工,而是这些商场或者机构不愿意去花钱雇佣更多的员工。选项B“故意的员工不足”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目所问的是“服务机构认为让所有收银机全部工作起来会导致什么后果?”文章第二段倒数第二句话提到“把收银机全部运行会增加成本”(Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts),选项C“增加服务成本”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目所问的是“作者建议消费者应该怎样做?”文章最后一段提到“我们唯一的希望就是无论何时无论何地都要表达出我们的不满,如果这些努力全失败了,再去尝试将古老的口号付诸实践—去别处进行买卖”(Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere),选项D“去有更好服务的地方”符合题意。

12.单选题

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid“She’sthetalkerinourfamily.”Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“It’strue,”heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearch,complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequities,suchas,havinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:“Hedoesn’tlistentome”“Hedoesn’ttalktome.”Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans().

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT().

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson().

问题1选项

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

问题2选项

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

问题3选项

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen.

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation.

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples.

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse.

问题4选项

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

问题5选项

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.”晚上快结束的时候,我评论说,女人经常抱怨她们的丈夫不跟她们说话。这个人立刻点头表示同意。由此可知大多数妻子都是希望丈夫和她们多多沟通的,因此选项A正确。

2.语义推测题。根据句意:这种模式正在对婚姻造成严重破坏。由此可知wreakinghavoc和causingdamage造成损害意义最为接近,因此选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.”。考虑到目前美国近50%的离婚率,每年在美国就会有数百万起这样的案例——这简直是一种谈话失败的流行病。美国有近50%的离婚率,但并不都是缺少交流引起的,因此选项B正确。

4.主旨大意题。整篇文章由一个真实场景引入到婚姻中的谈话沟通,谈论美国部分家庭的婚姻现状,主要探讨妻子和丈夫对于沟通部分不同看法以及做法,那丈夫在外健谈,在家很少说话的婚姻交谈模式以及妻子想要和丈夫谈话的迫切使得婚姻出现裂痕。选项D符合文意。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到能代表当前危机的形象是一个典型的卡通场景,可以推断出作者接下来可能对这个卡通的一些细节进行展开,因此选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.

Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.

YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.

Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.

A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:“Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.

ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.

1.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat().

2.ThedebateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers().

3.Tosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat().

4.TheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat().

5.RegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel().

问题1选项

A.ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets

B.evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned

C.someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro

D.itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation

问题2选项

A.arecompetingfortheleadingposition

B.arebusyhandlingtheirowncrises

C.failtoreachanagreementonharmonization

D.disagreeonthestepstowardsharmonization

问题3选项

A.EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreased

B.stricterregulationsbeimposed

C.onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination

D.votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed

问题4选项

A.poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds

B.strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries

C.loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries

D.richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds

问题5选项

A.pessimistic

B.desperate

C.conceited

D.hopeful

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga‘Bermudatriangle’ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.”现在,即使是该计划最伟大的鼓吹者也在谈论欧洲大陆面临着债务、人口下降和低增长的“百慕大三角”。由此可知欧盟的问题已经使得一些支持者都开始注意了,因此选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.”。然而,关于如何使欧洲单一货币免于解体的辩论却陷入了僵局。它之所以陷入困境,是因为欧元区的主导力量法国和德国一致认为有必要在欧元区内部加强协调,但在协调哪些方面存在分歧。由此可知C选项未能就协调问题达成一致正确,因此选C。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.”德国认为必须通过对借贷支出和竞争力的严格规定来拯救欧元,对不遵守规定的政府实行准自动制裁。由此可知选项B实行更严格的规定正确。

4.细节事实题。定位到文章第五段“Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.”换句话说,这意味着政客们干预货币政策,以及一个从较富裕成员国向较贫穷成员国进行再分配的体系,途径是政府通过发行共同欧元债券或完全的财政转移,以较低成本借入资金。因此选项D正确。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capital

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