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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.不定项选择题

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

1.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney().

2.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas().

3.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe()ofclothing.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”(Para.4,Line1-2),thewritermeansthat().

问题1选项

A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry

B.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothing

C.becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions

D.becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing

问题2选项

A.awasteofmoney

B.anexpressionofcreativity

C.anexpressionoftaste

D.awasteoftime

问题3选项

A.cost

B.appearance

C.comfort

D.suitability

问题4选项

A.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.

B.Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.

C.Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.

D.Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.

问题5选项

A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion

C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores(因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖,她们总是被设计师和大商店利用)以及第二段第一句Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn(时尚的变化只不过是故意制造浪费。许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服)可以判断出B选项“通过不断改变妇女服装的时尚”正确;A选项“通过残酷剥削服装业的女工”和C选项“因为他们能预测新时尚”错误,原文并没有提及;根据第三段第二句Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability(时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素)可以得知D选项“因为他们非常重视妇女服装的质量”错误;因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。根据原文第二段第三句Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave(那些不能以这种方式扔掉衣服的女人,会浪费她们的时间来修改她们已有的衣服),可知D选项“浪费时间”正确;根据第二段第二句Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn(许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服)可以得知A选项“浪费钱”错误,题目问的是作者对于女性改变她们老式服装这件事的态度;B选项“一种创造力的表达”以及C选项“一种品味的表达”在文中都没有提到;因此D选项符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。根据第三段Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.(时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素。他们只对外表感兴趣,并利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实)可以判断出C选项“舒适”正确以及B选项“外貌,外观;出现,露面”错误;根据原文第一段Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.(如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削,那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖,她们总是被设计师和大商店利用)可知作者认为时尚界是在利用女性,并且认为时尚圈没有对社会做出真正的贡献,因此A选项“费用,代价,成本”并不是作者所考虑的内容;D选项“适合;适当”在文章中未提及;因此C选项符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段第一二句Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores(如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削,那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖,她们总是被设计师和大商店利用),可知A选项“时装的新款式是为对女性的商业剥削而创造的”正确;B选项“女人服装的不断变化反映了她们性格的力量”和D选项“时尚设计不应该被鼓励,因为它们只受女性欢迎”未在原文中提起;根据第三段第一句Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety(没有人能说时尚产业对社会做出了真正重要的贡献)可以得知C选项“时尚产业对社会做出了重要的贡献”错误;因此A选项符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到最后一段第一句Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.(当把男人和女人在时尚方面进行比较时,得出的结论是显而易见的)以及第三句Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.(男人很聪明,不会让时装设计师欺骗自己)可以判断出B选项“男人在时尚问题上更讲道理”正确;根据原文倒数第二段最后一句Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes(几乎每个男人在他的一生中,看到一个女人在冬天穿着单薄的衣服瑟瑟发抖,或者穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走时,都会微笑)可知A选项“女人在衣着选择上的反复无常经常被嘲笑”错误,和原文表达的含义不符合;C选项“男人们也被时装设计师极大地利用了”在文章中未提及;根据文章倒数第二段theytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright(他们利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实)可知文章只是说利用这件事,并不是说女人更能忍受不适,也不是题目所问的结论指代的内容,D选项“女人更能忍受不适”错误;因此B选项符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Whatmakesahome?Loveandcomfort.Itisaplacewherekindlyaffectionsexistamongallthemembersofthefamily.

Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.Yourhomemaybepoorandhumble,butitistheplaceyouhavethedutytotrytomakeitcheerfulandcomfortable.Ahomeismorethanafamilydwelling.Itisalsoaschoolinwhichpeoplearetrainedforcitizenship.Itisthebasisandoriginofcivilization.

【答案】组成家庭的因素是什么?爱和安慰。家是一个所有家庭成员凝结爱的地方。

一个没有爱的家庭称不上是家,就像没有灵魂的躯体不再是人一样。你的家可能贫穷而简陋,但你有职责努力让它变得愉快和舒适。家不仅仅是一个供人居住的地方,它也是一个培养人们成为公民的场所,是文明的基础和起源。

3.单选题

Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.

问题1选项

A.pernicious

B.prevalent

C.preventive

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pernicious“有害的;恶性的;致命的;险恶的”;B选项prevalent“流行的;普遍的,广传的”;C选项preventive“预防性的,防备的;防病的”;D选项perpetual“永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的”。句意:工程师们对他们公司资助的项目普遍持否定态度,这是合同迟迟没有签订的原因。本句关键词pervasive表示“普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的”,四个选项中B选项最合适,因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.

问题1选项

A.minimized

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项minimized“使减到最少;小看,极度轻视;最小化”;B选项deployed“配置;展开;使疏开;部署”;C选项inclined“使……倾向”;D选项mingled“(使)相混,融合;掺和;(在社交场合)相交往,应酬”。句意:如果按目前的开采速度继续下去,这些自然资源迟早会枯竭。本句关键词bedepleted表示“被耗尽”,beminimized可以做同义替换,表示被最小化,被减到最少;因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite()asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

问题1选项

A.respectable

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。respectable“值得尊敬的”;respective“分别的,各自的”;respected“受尊敬的”;respectful“恭敬的,有礼貌的”。空格后的as引导了一个原因状语从句,“在大多数夜晚,他都喝醉了唱歌吵醒他们”,所以前面应该是“邻居们认为他不值得尊敬”,选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor()door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.

问题1选项

A.fickle

B.canvass

C.boon

D.deride

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词和动词辨析。A选项fickle“浮躁的,易变的”;B选项canvass“游说,推销”;C选项boon“愉快的,慷慨的”;D选项deride“嘲笑,嘲弄”。句意:那些拥有大量房产但缺乏信贷的房主很容易成为次级抵押贷款公司的目标,这些公司的销售人员利用电话号码簿或在目标邮政编码地区挨家挨户进行推销。本句表示向目标房主进行推销。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen()thegoalofapracticalandeconomicalwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.

问题1选项

A.pursuing

B.chasing

C.reaching

D.winning

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pursue“追求;从事”;chase“追赶”;reach“到达”;win“赢得”。根据havebeen可知后面接一个表持续状态的动词,以及宾语为goal,可知选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨碍)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.

“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.

ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining(抱怨),whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.

Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.

Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.

ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.

1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”?

2.AccordingtotheILOreport,().

3.TheILOreport().

4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?

问题1选项

A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.

B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.

C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.

D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.

问题2选项

A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels

B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms

C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms

D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms

问题3选项

A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.

B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.

C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.

D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.

问题4选项

A.Sexualharassment

B.Complaining

C.Protesting

D.Tryingtobefriendly

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“报告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思?”文章第一段最后一句话提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍”(“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks);第一段提到国际劳动组织写的一篇报告,报告强调了女性进入高层的一些体制和态度上的偏见(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs),因此选项A“(玻璃天花板)指存在于一些公司的偏见和体系”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据国际劳工组织报道……”。文章第一段第一句话提到“世界可能正在对女性变得友好,但是企业董事会却没有,联合国最近发布的一项调查显示,在西方公司,女性在最高管理职位中所占的比例不到3%”(Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently),由此可知选项D“除了在西方公司的董事会,女性的生活变好”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“国际劳工组织报道……”。文章第一段提到国际劳工组织报告称,女性占全球劳动力的40%以上,但即使她们通过了“玻璃天花板——由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍——她们的收入也远远低于男性”(Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid),由此可知选项C“悲观,因为即使少部分女性进入了高层,她们的收入还是少很多”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在与性骚扰作斗争时,女性没有采用下列哪项策略?”文章第三段提到抗议和抱怨使她们背负上了“女权主义者”和“发牢骚”的名号,同时想喝男性打成一片又招来了更多的骚扰(“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining,whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment),由此可知“抱怨”“抗议”“试图友好”都是女性采取的措施,所以选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely()myideastoproveyourpoint.

问题1选项

A.revising

B.distorting

C.distracting

D.contradicting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revise“修订”;distort“扭曲”;distract“转移,分心”;contradict“反驳,否定”。根据Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本没有说过那样的话”可知“为了证明你的观点,将我的想法扭曲了”符合语境,因此选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either()orsignificant.

问题1选项

A.preliminary

B.versatile

C.trivial

D.alternate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。preliminary“初步的”;versatile“多才多艺的”;trivial“不重要的”;alternate“交替的”。根据orsignificant可知空格处词语的意思应该与significant相反,因此选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled().

问题1选项

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。insincere“不诚恳的”,形容词;premise“前提,假设”;premature“过早发生的事物;早产儿”;presumption“假定,推定”。根据conclusion“结论”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前”可知“称为推定”符合语境,因此选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitationfarfrombeingsymptomaticofalackoforiginality,isthestepinlearningtobe().

问题1选项

A.elegant

B.creative

C.confident

D.imaginary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。elegant“高雅的,优雅的”;creative“创造性的”;confident“自信的,确信的”;imaginary“虚构的”。根据分析句子可知空格处所填单词应与originality相似的单词,因此选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat().

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom().

问题1选项

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

问题2选项

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

问题3选项

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

问题4选项

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

问题5选项

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的观点,词汇可能会发生什么变化?”文章最后一段第一句话提到“词汇量可能继续扩大”(thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand),因此可知选项C表述正确;接下来提到“意义将越来越取决于词序和上下文,并且拼写将变得简单”(Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants),因此可知选项A与B表述正确。综上,选项D“以上都是”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1066年以后,英国最重要的语言变化是……”文章第四段第一句话提到“尽管如此,大众还是继续说盎格鲁-萨克逊语,并且将它重建为上层阶级的语言”(Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses),因此选项C“盎格鲁-萨克逊被设置成主导语言”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么语法上的变化不被注意?”文章第六段提到“这样的变化(指语法变化)最快也不过几代人或几十年,所以除了语法学家,其他人都没有注意到”(Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians),因此选项A“因为变化是在几代人或几十年里发生”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么做这些改变?”文章倒数第二段提到“没有人知道为什么做出这些改变”(Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade),因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知,大部分新单词来源于……”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这些新词大多不是借用而来,而是从语言的自然发展中来的”(Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage),因此选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin(1)pricesforconsumergoods(2)andthe(3)ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto(4)awarorcarry(5)socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto(6)thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply(7)themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto(8)thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto(9)decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.(10)peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods(11)televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to(12)demand.(13),ifpeople

thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.(14)ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages(15)to(16)thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe(17).(18)summary,allofthesecausescan(19)inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,(20)governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.what

问题2选项

A.lower

B.raise

C.decrease

D.increase

问题3选项

A.cost

B.price

C.value

D.spending

问题4选项

A.fight

B.pay

C.offer

D.finance

问题5选项

A.out

B.off

C.on

D.away

问题6选项

A.compensate

B.offset

C.exchange

D.accomplish

问题7选项

A.expand

B.spend

C.extend

D.explore

问题8选项

A.respond

B.return

C.meet

D.spend

问题9选项

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.timely

D.exceedingly

问题10选项

A.Whether

B.If

C.Though

D.Forfearthat

问题11选项

A.like

B.of

C.as

D.except

问题12选项

A.plenty

B.comply

C.satisfy

D.supply

问题13选项

A.Nevertheless

B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Furthermore

问题14选项

A.uninteresting

B.interesting

C.interested

D.interest

问题15选项

A.shouldincrease

B.increased

C.increase

D.beincreased

问题16选项

A.restrict

B.impose

C.cover

D.protest

问题17选项

A.controller

B.consumer

C.employer

D.manager

问题18选项

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.By

问题19选项

A.create

B.invent

C.discover

D.result

问题20选项

A.insufficient

B.processing

C.productive

D.excessive

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词,先行词是economiccondition,介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that,因此选项A符合题意。

2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反,所以选项D符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的,因此the____ofmoney应该与purchasingpower意思相近,因此选项C符合题意。

4.考查动词词义辨析。fight“与……打仗”;pay“支付”;offer“提供”;finance“负担经费”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney(花更多的钱),可知前面是花钱在战争上,因此financeawar符合题意。

5.考查词组辨析。carryout“实施”;carryoff“夺去,夺得”;carryon“继续,参与”;carryaway“运走,使失去自制力”。与socialprogram搭配的动词词组是carryout,所以选项A符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。compensate“补偿,赔偿”;offset“抵消;补偿”;exchange“交换”;accomplish“完成,实现”。offsetdeficit“弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配,选项B符合题意。

7.考查动词词义辨析。expand“扩张”;spend“度过,花费”;extend“延伸”;explore“探索”。根据后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在扩大纸币供应,因此选项A符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配,选项C符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。excessively“过分地”;automatically“自动地”;timely“及时地”;exceedingly“非常;极其”。空格处所在句子的大意是:货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项B符合题意。

10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句theywillrunout…,主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句,因此选项B符合题意。

11.考查介词词义辨析。televisionandcomputers属于populargoods,前者是对后者具体的举例说明,因此选项A符合题意。

12.考查词义辨析。plenty“足够的”;comply“遵守,遵从”;satisfy“满足,说服”;supply“供给,提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”,to表目的,“为了满足需求”,选项C符合题意。

13.考查逻辑关系。根据ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup(如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨),可知与前句是一个递进的关系,因此选项D符合题意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法,选项D符合题意。

15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时,从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气:should+动词原形,其中should可以省略;此外,workswages与动词increase之间是被动关系,因此要用被动式,选项D符合题意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付费用”是固定用法,选项C符合题意。

17.考查名词词义辨析。controller“控制器”;consumer“消费者,用户”;employer“老板,雇主”;manager“经理,管理人员”。空格处所在句子的大意是:生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上,因此选项B符合题意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起来,总之”是固定用法,选项A符合题意。

19.考查动词词义辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems(所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题),四个选项中A与D都有“导致”的意思,但是result通常与介词in连用,因此选项A符合题意。

20.考查词义辨析。insufficient“不足的”;processing“加工”;productive“能生产的”;excessive“过多的”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素,第二段第二句话Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending,由此可知选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.

问题1选项

A.broken

B.raised

C.solved

D.concluded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broken“折断;打碎;损坏”;B选项raised“提高,举起;使(面包)发酵;抚育,抚养”;C选项solved“解决;解答”;D选项concluded“结束;推断;作结论”。句意:当你和一个阿拉伯人做生意时,你不得不忍受几个小时的闲聊,等待商业的话题被提起。本句关键词bebroached表示“被提出”,beraised可以做同义替换,表示被提出。因此B选

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