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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.
B.IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.
C.Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.
D.Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.
问题2选项
A.Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.
B.Itoriginatedwithcowboys.
C.Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.
D.Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.
问题3选项
A.Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.
B.Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.
C.Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.
D.Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.
问题4选项
A.Learntoplaythem.
B.Listentothemyourself.
C.Takemusiclessons.
D.Consultjazzmusicians.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
【解析】ConversationOne
M:Excuseme.Where’syourrockmusicsection?
W:Rockmusic?I’msorry,we’rea,jazzstore.Wedon’thaveanyrockandroll.
M:Oh,youonlyhavejazzmusic?Nothingelse?
W:That’sright.[1]We’retheonlyrecordstoreinLondondedicatedexclusivelytojazz.Actually,we’remorethanjustarecordstore.Wehaveacafeandlibraryupstairsandaticketofficedownthehall,whereyoucanbuyticketstoallthemajorjazzconcertsinthecity.Also,wehaveourownstudionextdoor,whereweproducealbumsforup-and-comingartists.We’recommittedtofosteringnewmusictalent.
M:Wow!That’ssocool![2]Iguessthere’snotmuchofajazzsceneanymore.Notliketheyusedtobe,buthereyou’retryingtopromotethisgreatmusicgenre.
W:Yes,indeed,nowadaysmostpeopleliketolistentopopandrockmusic.HiphopmusicfromAmericaisalsogettingmoreandmorepopular.Soasaresult,there’refewerlistenersofjazz,whichisagreatshame,becauseit’sanincrediblyrichgenre.Butthat’snottosaythereisn’tanygoodnewjazzmusicbeingmadeoutthereanymore.Farfromit.It’sjustamuchsmallermarkettoday.
M:Sohowwouldyoudefinejazz?
W:Well,interestinglyenough,[3]there’snoagreed-upondefinitionofjazz.Indeed,therearemanydifferentstylesofjazz.Somehavesinging,butmostdon’t.Someareelectricandsomearen’t.Somecontainliveexperimentation,butnotalways.Whilethere’snosimpledefinitionforit,andwhilethere’remanydifferentstylesofjazz,yousimplyknowitwhenyouhearit.[4]Honestly,theonlywaytoknowwhatjazzis,islistentoityourself.Asagreattrumpetplayer,LouisArmstrongsaid,ifyougottaask,you’llneverknow.
1.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman’sstore?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于女士商店的信息。对话开头,女士提到他们是伦敦唯一专门经营爵士乐的唱片店,因此D选项“它只专注于爵士乐”正确。A选项“展出新音乐人才的专辑”最具有干扰性,主要是利用录音中的newmusictalent设干扰,女士只是说他们致力于培养新的音乐人才,在录音室为他们制作专辑,并没有提到她的店展出新音乐人才的专辑,因此A选项错误;B选项“它在伦敦有几家分店”以及C选项“它赞助大型爵士音乐会”在录音中均没有信息提及。
2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutjazzmusic?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐,男士说了什么?男士说现在已经没有多少爵士乐的音乐圈子了,意在表达爵士乐不那么流行了。因此A选项“它的市场现在已经萎缩”符合男士的说法。B选项“它起源于牛仔”在录音中没有提及;C选项“它仍然像嘻哈音乐一样广泛传播”,录音说现在大多数年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐,美国的嘻哈音乐也越来越受欢迎,爵士乐的听众越来越少,因此C选项不正确;D选项“它的听众大多是年轻人”,录音中只是提及年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐,并没有说爵士乐的听众也是年轻人,因此D选项不正确。
3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutjazz?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐,女士说了什么?女士在回答什么是爵士乐时提到,人们对爵士乐并没有一致的定义,也就是说“爵士乐的定义是多样的,复杂的”,D选项是录音原文的同义转述,因此正确。A选项“它的风格基本上没有变化”,录音提到爵士乐有很多不同的风格,但并未提及风格没有变化,因此A选项不正确;B选项“它仍在进行实验”,利用录音中的experimentation设干扰,录音只是说爵士乐的风格中有些包含现场实验音乐,并不是说音乐在进行实验,因此B选项错误;C选项“它经常伴有歌声”与录音中说的“有些有演唱,但大多数没有”不符,因此错误。
4.Whatshouldyoudotoappreciatedifferentstylesofjazzaccordingtothewoman?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问女士认为应该怎么做才能欣赏不同风格的爵士乐?录音最后,女士提到,要知道爵士乐是什么,唯一的方法就是自己去听,因此B选项“自己听”正确。A选项“学会演奏”;C选项“上音乐课”以及D选项“咨询爵士音乐家”均未在录音中提及,因此不正确。
2.单选题
Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose()paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.
问题1选项
A.valueless
B.worthless
C.priceless
D.featureless
【答案】C
【解析】形容词词义辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless无价的,贵重的;featureless无特色的。句意:只有一双敏锐的眼睛才能从这些多余的材料中找出那些无价的画。选项C符合句意。
3.单选题
Please()fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.
问题1选项
A.refrain
B.prevent
C.resist
D.restrain
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。refrainfrom克制,抑制,忍住;preventfrom阻止,制止;resist一般与to搭配,意为“抵抗,反抗”;restrain的用法为restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。这里指克制住抽烟的冲动,所以选项A符合语境。
4.单选题
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.
B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.
C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.
D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.
问题2选项
A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.
B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.
C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.
D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.
问题3选项
A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.
B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.
C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.
D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
【解析】RecordingOne
Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.
Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.
Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude,theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.
It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.
16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于“独处”的早期研究受到何种批评?录音说,早期的研究存在几个缺点,其中包括把情绪简单地分为积极的和消极的(categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative),D选项中的classified是对录音原文中categorized的同义替换,因此D选项正确。A选项“它忽略了情绪是个人的和主观的事实”和B项“它忽略了情绪可以被控制的可能性”在录音中均没有信息提及;C选项“它独立测量积极情绪和消极情绪”主要利用measured和independently设置干扰,录音说的是,早期调查在从积极到消极的范围内衡量情绪,忽略了积极和消极情绪可以独立波动的可能性。选项与之表述不相符,因此排除。
17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问我们可以知道哪些关于新研究的结果?录音提到,新研究是为了确定独处对高唤起度情绪的影响,而参与实验的人经过15分钟的独处后,他们的积极与消极两方面的高唤起度情绪都有所减缓(reductionsinbothtypesofemotion),B选项中的reductive与录音原文中的reductions是同根词,都表示“减少,减缓”的意思,因此B选项“独处对高唤起度情绪有减缓作用”正确。A选项“一个人无所事事地坐着似乎很苦恼”和C选项“独自坐15分钟使参与者焦躁不安”在录音中均没有信息提及;D选项“独处会对参与者的心理健康产生不利影响”,主要错在缺乏对独处的修饰词,录音中说的是长期的孤独与负面的生理和心理影响相关,而短暂的独处不会,因此D选项属于以偏概全,表述不正确。
18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问新研究的第二个实验有何发现?第二个实验测量了独处对低唤起度情绪的影响,并且发现所有这些情绪都会随着时间的推移而增加。D选项“它有助于增强低唤起度情绪”与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“它往往会使负面情绪加剧”,这些情绪包括积极和消极的情绪,如平静、放松、悲伤或孤独。因此A选项不正确;B选项“事实证明很难客观描述它”,录音提到,独处改变内在感受的强度,对强烈感觉有安抚作用,这正是描述了独处产生的影响,因此B选项也不正确;C选项“它与悲伤密切相关”在录音中没有信息提及,因此排除。
5.单选题
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Theycanpredictfutureevents.
B.Theyhavenospecialmeanings.
C.Theyhaveculturalconnotations.
D.Theycannotbeeasilyexplained.
问题2选项
A.Itwascanceledduetobadweather.
B.Sheoversleptandmissedtheflight.
C.Shedreamedofaplanecrash.
D.Itwaspostponedtothefollowingday.
问题3选项
A.Theycanbeaffectedbypeople’schildhoodexperiences.
B.Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.
C.Theyusuallyresultfrompeople’sunpleasantmemories.
D.Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.
问题4选项
A.Theycallforscientificmethodstointerpret.
B.Theymirrortheirlong-cherishedwishes.
C.Theyreflecttheircomplicatedemotions.
D.Theyareoftenrelatedtoirrationalfeelings.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
【解析】ConversationTwo
M:[5]Doyouthinkdreamshavespecialmeanings?
W:[5]No,Idon’tthinktheydo.
M:[5]Idon’teither.Butsomepeopledo.Iwouldsaypeoplewhobelievethatdreamshavespecialmeaningsaresuperstitious,especiallynowadays.Inthepast,duringthetimesofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedtobelievethatdreamscouldforeseethefuture.Buttoday,withallthescientificknowledgethatwehave,Ithinkit’smuchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.
W:Mygrandmotherissuperstitious,andshethinksdreamscanpredictthefuture.[6]Onceshedreamedthattheflightshewasduetotakethefollowingdaycrashed.Canyouguesswhatshedid?Shedidn’ttakethatflight.Shedidn’tevenbothertogototheairportthefollowingday.Insteadshetookthesameflight,butaweeklater,andeverythingwasfine,ofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.
M:Howfunny!Didyouknowthatflyingisactuallysaferthananyothermodeoftransport?It’sbeenstatisticallyproven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.
W:Yes,absolutely.Butevenifwethinkthey’reridiculous,[7]emotionscanbejustaspowerfulasrationalthinking.
M:Exactly,peopledoallsortsofcrazythingsbecauseoftheirirrationalfeelings,butinfact,somepsychologistsbelievethatourdreamsaretheresultofouremotionsandmemoriesfromthatday.IthinkitwasSigmundFreudwhosaidthatchildren’sdreamswereusuallysimplerepresentationsoftheirwishes—thingstheywishedwouldhappen.Butinadults,[8]dreamsaremuchmorecomplicatedreflectionsoftheirmoresophisticatedsentiments.
W:Isn’titinterestinghowpsychologiststrytounderstandusingthescientificmethodsomethingasbizarreasdreams?Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.
5.Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问的是两位说话者对梦的看法。对话开头,男士询问女士是否认为梦具有特殊意义,女士给出否定回答,接着男士说“我也不这么认为”,表明他与女士看法一致,因此B选项“它们没有特殊意义”符合录音原文。A选项“它们能够预测未来发生的事情”,这是古埃及、古希腊和中国古代的人们的看法,并不是说话者的看法,因此不正确;C选项“它们蕴含着文化意义”和D选项“它们很难解释”在录音中均未提及。
6.Whydidn’tthewoman’sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士的祖母没有乘坐她预定的航班?录音中女士提及她的祖母相信梦可以预测未来,有一次因为梦见自己第二天要乘坐的飞机坠毁了(theflight...crashed),她就没有坐那趟航班,甚至连机场也没去。C选项“她梦见飞机失事”是录音原文的同义表达,因此正确。A选项“由于天气不好取消了”;B选项“她睡过头,错过了航班”和D选项“推迟到了第二天”在录音中均未提及,因此可排除。
7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople’semotions?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问的是女士关于人的情绪的看法。录音中女士提及即使人们有时候很荒唐,但情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考。D选项“它们的影响力不亚于理性思考”是录音原文的同义表述,因此正确。A选项“它们会受到人们童年经历的影响”和C选项“它们通常是由人们不愉快的记忆引起的”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除;B选项“相比于理性思维,它们有时会显得很可笑”,虽然是女士说的,但这是女士对男士的上一句话“人们有时会很不理智”表示赞同,并且着重想强调的还是后半部分:情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考,因此B选项也不选。
8.WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults’dreams?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问心理学家弗洛伊德对成人的梦的看法。男士提到,弗洛伊德将儿童的梦与成人的梦进行了对比阐释,认为成人的梦更为复杂,反映了他们复杂的情感。C选项“反映了他们复杂的情感”是录音原文的复现,因此正确。A选项“它们需要用科学的方法来阐释”,利用录音中出现的thescientificmethod设置的干扰,这并不是弗洛伊德的看法,所以排除;B选项“反映了他们长期以来的愿望”,这是弗洛伊德对儿童的梦的看法,不是成人的梦,因此排除;D选项“它们通常与非理性情绪相关”,利用录音中的irrationalfeelings设置干扰,这是男士的个人观点,与弗洛伊德的看法无关,因此也不选。
6.单选题
Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.
B.Socialworkasaprofession.
C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.
D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.
问题2选项
A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.
B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.
C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.
D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.
问题3选项
A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.
B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.
C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.
D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.
问题4选项
A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.
B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.
C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.
D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
【解析】RecordingTwo
Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.
Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.
19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么?录音开头就提及:今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致,因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及;C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”,虽然在原文中均有所涉及,但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题,因此均可排除。
20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么?说话者在介绍完主题之后,立马讲到:社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉,帮助满足所有人的基本需求,特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述,因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”;B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情,因此排除。
21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问根据说话者,专业社会工作者有什么共同点?录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者,他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说,专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位,因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项;B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及,因此排除。
22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问MelWilson将在这个系列中谈论什么?录音的后半部分提到,稍后在本系列,MelWilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围,以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括,因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”;C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要讨论的内容,因此排除。
7.单选题
Withmorethan150milesofvirtuallynowaterfallsorrapids,theHudsonRiverextendsinlandfrom(
),theAtlanticOcean.
问题1选项
A.thesourceof
B.whereitssource
C.itssource
D.fromwhichitssourceis
【答案】C
【解析】语法(同位语)题。分析题干可知,空格后的theAtlanticOcean是空格的同位语,所以排除A选项和D选项;B选项的its为物主代词,与后面的名词source构成主语,那就缺少谓语成分,所以B选项排除,所以答案为C选项。
8.单选题
Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.
B.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.
C.Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.
D.Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.
问题2选项
A.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.
B.Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.
C.Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.
D.Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.
问题3选项
A.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.
B.Deprivationofworkers’creativity.
C.Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.
D.Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
【解析】RecordingTwo
Free-marketcapitalismhasn’tfreedus—ithastrappedus.It’simperativeforustoembraceawork-placerevolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn’tspendenoughofourlivesslavingawayatwork.[19]Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn’tspendwatchingourchildrengrow,orwithourlovedones,ortravelling,orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness.Unfortunately,theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek,welloverathirdofthetimeweareawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen:officeworkersdoaroundtwobillionhoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soitisextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestartedlookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays.
Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn’tfreedomatall:fromthelackofsecure,affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebt,theindividualistrapped.[20]Ninedecadesago,leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrisingproductivitywouldmeanthatwe’dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow:thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed.
Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom,particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplacehasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofourfreedomandpersonalautonomy.It’stimeinwhichwearedirectedbytheneedsanddesiresofothers,anddeniedtherighttomakeourownchoices.That’sbadforus:itishardlysurprisingthat[21]overhalfamillionworkerssufferfromwork-relatedmentalhealthconditionseachyear,orthat15.4millionworkingdayswerelosttowork-relatedstresslastyear,ajumpofnearlyaquarter.
Yes,therearethosewho,farfrombeingoverworked,actuallyseekmorehours.Butashorterworkingweekwouldenableustoredistributehoursfromtheoverworkedtotheunderworked.Weneedtolookatwaysofcuttingtheworkingweekwithoutslashinglivingstandards:afterall,theworld’sworkershavealreadysufferedtheworstdeductioninwagessincetheearly1800s.Andcuttingtheworkingweekwouldbeconducivetotheindividual,givingmillionsofworkersmoretimetospendastheyseefit.
19.Whatdopeopleoftenfeelguiltyaboutaccordingtothespeaker?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问的是根据说话者的说法,人们通常对什么感到内疚?录音开头提到,我们可能会觉得内疚,因为我们没有花时间看着我们的孩子成长……或去追求那些带给我们快乐的休闲活动。因此C选项“没有花足够的时间在家庭生活和休闲上”正确。A选项“没有从自由市场资本主义中受益”,虽然录音处处透露出自由市场资本主义带给人的不好影响,但是说话者没有指出人们对此感到内疚,因此A选项可排除。B选项“没有在职场革命中发挥作用”和D选项“挣的钱不够养家”在录音中均未提及。
20.Whatdidleadingeconomistspredict90yearsago?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问90年前一流的经济学家预测了什么?录音提到,90年前一流的经济学家曾预测现在的我们每周只需工作15个小时,因此A选项“现在人们一周只工作15个小时”与录音原文表述一致。B选项“大多数工作者都有钱买房子”,录音中提及的是从缺乏安全的、负担得起的住房,到工作越来越得不到保障,再到个人债务不断增加,个人被困住了,并没有提及大多数人都有钱买房子,因此B选项不正确;C选项“工作场所的权力平衡将会改变”,录音中虽然提到相关信息,但这并不是经济学家的预测,因此C选项可排除;D选项“技术进步将创造许多新的工作岗位”在录音中并没有提及。
21.Whatistheresultofdenyingworker’srighttomaketheirownchoices?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问剥夺劳动者自主选择权的后果是什么?录音提到,我们被剥夺了选择的权利。这对我们是不利的:每年有超过50万的劳动者受累于与工作相关的精神健康问题。由此可知,D选项“劳动者心理健康状况恶化”与之意思符合,所以正确。A选项“丧失劳动者的人格尊严”和B选项“剥夺劳动者的创造力”在录音中没有提及;C选项“工作时间分配不均”,利用redistributehours设置干扰,录音只是说更短的工作周将使我们能够重新分配工作时间,并没有提到分配不均的问题,因此C选项错误。
9.单选题
Theboyseemedmore()totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.
问题1选项
A.reconciled
B.consolidated
C.deteriorated
D.attributed
【答案】A
【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE
固定搭配。reconcileto甘心,接受;attributedto归因于。consolidate和deteriorated为及物动词。句意:在看到祖父母的生活后,这个男孩似乎更能接受他们的贫穷了。选项A符合句意。
10.单选题
TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir()destinationisRome.
问题1选项
A.ultimate
B.prime
C.next
D.cardinal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。ultimate“最终的”;prime“主要的,最好的”;next“接下来的”;cardinal“主要的,基本的;深红色的”。句意:他们打算去伦敦,但是他们最终的目的地是罗马。选项A符合题意。
11.单选题
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.
B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.
C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.
D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.
问题2选项
A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.
B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.
C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.
D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.
问题3选项
A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.
B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.
C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.
D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:D
【解析】RecordingThree
Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.
InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.
Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.
It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.
Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.
Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.
23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问米歇尔•奥巴马竞选的目的是什么?录音开头提到目前针对米歇尔•奥巴马的“让我们动起来”的运动有越来越多的评论,该运动鼓励孩子多参加运动来对抗儿童肥胖。因此米歇尔•奥巴马发起该运动的目的就是对抗儿童肥胖,A选项与原文表述一致,因此正确。B选项“帮助弱势儿童”;C选项“敦促孩子们跟随他们的榜样”在录音中均未提及;D选项“鼓励孩子多运动”最具干扰性,这是对抗儿童肥胖的方式,并不是最终的目的,因此不正确。
24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于职业运动员广告的研究发现了什么?根据录音,2010年,研究人员报道指出,12到17岁的孩子比成年人看更多由运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌的广告。也就是说,由专业运动员代言的广告给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的更深刻。D选项“他们给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的印象更深刻”与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“出现在电视上最有效”;B选项“放在网上时最能促进产品销量”,利用TV和online设置干扰项,录音原文并没有对这些广告出现在什么地方最有效进行对此,因此可排除;C选项“它们变得越来越普遍”在录音中并未提及,因此也可排除。
25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问说话者认为孩子们的偶像应该做什么?录音最后提到,如果孩子们以运动员为榜样,如果他们的这些偶像能够始终如一,那么孩子们将得到最大的益处。持续传达积极行为的信息能向孩子们展现他们应该要追随的更健康的生活方式,所以讲话人认为孩子们的偶像应该一直传达积极行为的信息。D选项中的atalltimes是录音中consistent的同义表达,因此D选项“时刻传达积极的行为”正确。A选项“做他们向公众提倡的事情”;B选项“总是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C选项“在孩子面前注意他们的形象”在录音中均没有提及,因此排除。
12.单选题
Whileit’struethattechniquesofactivelisteningcan()thevalueoflecture,fewstudentspossesssuchskillsatthebeginningoftheircollegecareers.
问题1选项
A.enhance
B.enlarge
C.access
D.exaggerate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance“提高,加强,增加”;enlarge“扩大,增大”;access“使用;存取;接近”;exaggerate“夸张”。句意:积极倾听能够提高演讲的价值,但是很少有大学生在入学之初就有这样的技能。选项A符合题意。
13.单选题
Ifailedinmynewjob.IfonlyI()myparents.
问题1选项
A.listenedto
B.hadlistenedto
C.havelistenedto
D.wouldlistento
【答案】B
【解析】虚拟语气语法知识。If引导的虚拟条件句,对过去事情的虚拟用“haddone”。选项B符合题意。
14.单选题
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Similarityininterests.
B.Mentalstimulation.
C.Openness.
D.
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