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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Youranalogywasnotagoodonebecausethetwosituationsarenotsimilar.
问题1选项
A.comparison
B.categorization
C.classification
D.cognition
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项comparisonn.比较,对照;B选项categorizationn.分类,分门别类,编目方法;C选项classificationn.等级,类别;D选项cognitionn.认识,辨识,认识能力。根据句意可知A项符合题意。句意:你的类比不是一个好例子,因为这两种情况并不相同。
2.单选题
Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.
问题1选项
A.complaint
B.claim
C.reservation
D.lodging
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complaint“抱怨,控诉”;B选项claim“宣称,声称”;C选项reservation“预约,预订”;D选项lodging“寄宿,借宿”。根据thehotelwascompletelyfilled(酒店客满了)可知C选项符合语义,makeareservation表示“预订”。句意:当他试图预订时,他发现他想要的旅馆因为一个会议而客满。
3.单选题
______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.
问题1选项
A.Although
B.Whatever
C.As
D.However
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装结构。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装;whatever后面常跟名词;as引导让步状语从句时,结构为:形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语;however引导让步状语从句时,后面跟形容词或副词。句意:不管他有多迟钝,他无疑是一位非常成功的高管。
4.单选题
IcannevertouchlobsterbecauseI’m()toshellfish.
e
问题1选项
A.sensitive
B.allergic
C.infected
D.sensibl
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sensitiveadj.敏感的,易受伤害的;B选项allergicadj.对……过敏的;C选项infectedadj.被感染的;D选项sensibleadj.明智的,明显的,通情达理的。句意:我不能接触龙虾,因为我对壳类动物过敏。根据句意,本题选择B项正确。
5.单选题
Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.
Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.
Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.
Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?
2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience().
3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed().
4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans().
5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
问题1选项
A.Success-zeal-success-zeal
B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness
C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness
D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion
问题2选项
A.tiredness
B.performancefatigue
C.start-upfatigue
D.unconsciousness
问题3选项
A.toughness
B.prevention
C.muscles
D.strongwillpower
问题4选项
A.thatcannotbesolved
B.thatcannotbeunderstood
C.thatcannotbeimagined
D.thatcannotbeobjected
问题5选项
A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue
B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked
C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle
D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失败会导致疲惫,而疲惫会使你更难工作,进而导致疲惫加重,于是进入恶性循环,受阻不前,影响进度。因此,B项正确。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知,我们会因为任务过于乏味或太难而推迟完成任务,这种情况就是start-upfatigue。因此,C项正确。
3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知,解决办法就是需要我们加强意志力的锻炼。因此,本题选择D项正确。
4.词汇题。题干词汇insurmountable意思是不能克服的,难以解决超越的。A选项“不能被解决”,B选项“不能被理解的”,C选项“不能被想象的”,D选项“不能被否决的”。因此,A选项正确。
5.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知可以通过锻炼意志力来克服start-upfatigue可知A项正确。B选项可通过原文Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan’tseemtodothejobright.推断得出。C选项在原文中没有明确说明,过于绝对。根据原文最后一段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.可知D选项正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。
6.单选题
Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.
Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.
Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?
Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.
Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.
Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?
2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.
3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.
4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.
5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.
B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.
C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.
D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.
问题2选项
A.biological
B.psychological
C.physical
D.social
问题3选项
A.skillsofmenandwomen
B.schoolsubjects
C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen
D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain
问题4选项
A.thebrainstructureasawhole
B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain
C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes
D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum
问题5选项
A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.
B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,
C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.
D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.(心理学家把这个问题看作是一件沮丧的是或是一个笑话)可知A选项表述不正确;由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.(但他们急忙指出,不同并不等于好或坏)可知B选项表述不正确;由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.(这是第一次发现女性和男性大脑之间的结构差异,它必须具有一定的意义)可知D选项表述不正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D选项,因此选C。
2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.(我们倾向于认为,正是社会的影响产生了这些差异)可知选D。
3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.(但要在此基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并非易事)可知选A。
4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing(我们也不知道这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异肯定会有一定的影响,因为这种差异存在于大脑中与智力有关的部分,我们应该寻找智力加工的差异)可知选D。
5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了男性和女性的结构存在差别,科学家对这种差别所做的研究,因此A选项“概述脑结构的研究成果”符合题意。
7.单选题
Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.
问题1选项
A.snatchup
B.summonup
C.catchon
D.watchout
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatchup“夺取,猛然抓住”;B选项summonup“鼓起(勇气),使出(力气),唤起”;C选项catchon“理解,明白,变得流行”;D选项watchout“当心,注意”。根据askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话,因此选C。句意:John说他没有太明白,要我重复我下我所说的话。
8.单选题
The
Chairmanwasevidently__________by
Jim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.
问题1选项
A.putdown
B.putacross
C.putaway
D.putout
【答案】D
【解析】动词词组题。A选项putdown镇压,记下;B选项putacross圆满完成,解释清楚,使被人理解;C选项putaway放好,抛弃;D选项putout扑灭;恼怒。根据句意可知,董事长明显被吉姆的话激怒了,瞪了他好一会。因此,D项是正确答案。
9.单选题
Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthetrainingwasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen______intothelearningprocess.
问题1选项
A.adjusted
B.alternated
C.incorporated
D.combined
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adjust“适应,调整”;B选项alternate“交替,轮流”;C选项incorporate“将……包括在内,包含,吸收”;D选项combine“使结合”。根据practicalwork与intothelearningprocess可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意:该培训吸引人的一个特点是将实践工作纳入到学习过程的方式。
10.单选题
Icouldseethatmywifewasthathavingthatfurcoat,whetherIapproveofitornot.
问题1选项
A.adequate
B.intenton
C.shortof
D.deficientof
【答案】B
【解析】搭配题。A选项adequatefor胜任……的,合适……的;B选项intenton专心致志于,决心要实现;C选项shortof缺乏,不足,除……以外;D选项deficientof缺乏,不足。根据句意可知,无论我是否同意,我妻子都抱定决心要买那件毛皮大衣。因此,B项符合句意。
11.单选题
Theeducationgap
Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.
Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.
Enrolment:riseandfall
Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.
Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.
Decliningexpenditure
Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.
Illiteracyandthepoor
Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.
Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.
Thedisadvantagedcountryside
MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.
Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar
Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.
Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.
Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.
1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely()
3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause().
4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis().
5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance().
问题1选项
A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation
B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation
C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral
D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas
问题2选项
A.fromthedevelopingworld
B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance
C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries
D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries
问题3选项
A.theyhavetogoouttowork
B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls
C.oftraditionandprejudice
D.offamilyh
问题4选项
A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation
B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling
C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling
D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling
问题5选项
A.inCalcutta
B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia
C.inthelastfiveyears
D.byreorientingthecurriculum
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章以教育问题和世界各国的教育差距引出话题,论述了基础教育的重要性,并将基础教育与其他教育阶段进行对比。文章列举说明了基础教育的重要性,强调落后国家应该对基础教育予以重视。因此,本题选择A项更为合适。
2.细节事实题。根据原文第六段Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theyobtainonlytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.‘Functionalilliteracy’,however,remainsinCanada.可知,在工业化国家,半个世纪前基本扫除了文盲;他们只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而,“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。说明即使是在加拿大这样的发达国家,文盲也是存在的。因此,D项“Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries”是正确答案。
3.细节事实题。根据原文Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.可知,由于传统和偏见等原因,女孩子不能享受教育资源,继续学业。因此,本题正确答案为C项。
4.细节事实题。根据原文Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschoolingandgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities.可知,世界银行的另一项研究表明,投入小学教育的每一美元,其生产率比投入中学教育的每一美元高出50%,是大学高等教育的两倍。所以对初等教育的投资更有利于扫除文盲。因此,D项表述符合原文内容。故正确答案为D项。
5.细节事实题。根据原文倒数第二段Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschools;Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschools可知,津巴布韦的小学数量翻了一番,而孟加拉国已经开设了2500多所乡村小学。由此可知,非洲的津巴布韦和亚洲的孟加拉国都加大了对于基础教育的投资力度。因此,本题正确答案为B项。
12.单选题
Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof______andfairnessasareliablefriend.
问题1选项
A.robustness
B.temperament
C.integrity
D.compactness
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项robustness“结实,健壮”;B选项temperament“性情,气质”;C选项integrity“诚实,正直”;D选项compactness“紧密,简洁”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与fairness(公正)的意思接近,因此选C。句意:他们一直把正直和公正的人视为可靠的朋友。
13.单选题
Itishightimethatyou______thetestpaperand______itin.
问题1选项
A.finish,hand
B.finished,handed
C.finished,tohand
D.havefinished,handed
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定句型。Itishightimethatsb.didsth.为固定句型,属于虚拟语气的一种,表示“是某人做某事的时候了”,句中的and为并列连接词,因此都填动词的过去式,选B。句意:现在是你写完试卷交上来的时候了。
14.单选题
Teenagelethargyisoftenduetolackofpropernutrients.
问题1选项
A.sluggishness
B.enthusiasm
C.boredom
D.energeticness
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中lethargy表示“无精打采;昏睡;嗜眠症”。A选项为“萧条;惰性;无精打采”;B选项为“热情;热心”;C选项为“无聊;厌倦”;D选项为“积极;精力充沛”。由句意可知,青少年嗜睡常常是因为缺乏适当的营养。因此,A项符合题意。
15.单选题
Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.
问题1选项
A.option
B.obsession
C.obligation
D.penalty
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项option“选择”;B选项obsession“痴迷,着魔,困扰”;C选项obligation“义务,责任”;D选项penalty“惩罚”。根据punishinghim可知D选项符合语义。句意:法院认为经济处罚是惩罚他的适当方式。
16.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家,都将目光投向了中国,并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信,中国加入世贸组织后,外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多,自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。
【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.
17.单选题
Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.
问题1选项
A.why
B.that
C.whether
D.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。doubt后面的that为同位语从句的引导词,修饰doubt。doubt引导的主从复合句中,用否定式时后面的引导词只能是that。相反如果doubt引导肯定意义的主从复合句中,引导词要用whether。句意:毫无疑问,公司对销售项目的决定是正确的。
18.单选题
It'sanawfulthatyourwifecouldn'tcome.Iwaslookingforwardtomeetingher.
问题1选项
A.harm
B.sorrow
C.shame
D.shock
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项harmn.伤害,损害;B选项sorrown.悲伤,懊悔,伤心事;C选项shamen.憾事,羞耻;D选项shockn.震惊,打击。根据句意可知讲话人一直希望见到对方妻子,所以非常遗憾她没能来,itisashame表示“……太遗憾了”。因此,C项是正确答案。
19.单选题
Inourhighlytechnologicalsociety,thenumberofjobsforunskilledworkeris______.
问题1选项
A.shrinking
B.obscuring
C.altering
D.constraining
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项shrink“收缩,减少”;B选项obscure“使模糊,使难解”;C选项alter“改变”;D选项constrain“强迫”。根据highlytechnologicalsociety与thenumberofjobs可知A选项符合语义。句意:在我们高度科技化的社会里,非技术工人的工作岗位正在减少。
20.单选题
Herparentswantedtochangehermindsotheytriedto______hertotheirwayofthinking.
问题1选项
A.convert
B.alter
C.transfer
D.convey
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convert“(使)转变,改变”,指改变形式、特性、信仰、观点等;B选项alter“改变,更改”指部分更改,仍保留本质和总体结构;C选项transfer“(使)转移,搬迁,(使)调动”;D选项convey“表达,传递(思想、感情等)”。根据指theirwayofthinking可知选A。句意:她的父母想改变她的想法,所以他们试图让她转变到他们的思维方式。
21.单选题
Cultural______indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.
问题1选项
A.translation
B.transition
C.transmission
D.transaction
【答案】C
【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”;B选项transition“转变,变迁”;C选项transmission“传播,传递”;D选项transaction“交易,业务”。根据handtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother可知C选项符合语义。句意:文化传播意味着人类将他们的语言代代相传。
22.单选题
Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.
问题1选项
A.makesroom
B.leavesnoroom
C.sparesnoefforts
D.takesnopains
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项makesroom为……留出空间;B选项leavesnoroom没有空间;没有余地;C选项sparesnoefforts不遗余力;D选项takesnopains没有费力气,没有痛苦。根据前文可知,他已经列举出了确凿的证据,没有必要进一步争论。因此,正确答案为B项。
23.单选题
IthinkthatIcommitteda______inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.
问题1选项
A.blunder
B.revenge
C.reproach
D.scandal
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)的错误”;B选项revenge“报仇,报复”;C选项reproach“责备,责骂”;D选项scandal“丑闻,丑行”。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知A选项符合语义。句意:我想我问她的时候犯了个错误,因为她似乎对我的问题很不高兴。
24.单选题
Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.
1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?
2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.
5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.
B.Thesecondlanguage.
C.Theforeignlanguage.
D.Secondlanguageacquisition.
问题2选项
A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.
B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.
C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.
D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.
问题3选项
A.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework
B.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.
C.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframework
D.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework
问题4选项
A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework
B.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.
C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.
D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage
问题5选项
A.InsideSLA
B.OutsideSLA
C.FutureofSLA
D.ThethirdlanguageandSLA
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounders
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