2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,theclevertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligentthanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofbrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyailatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.

Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!

Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetusesareaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtotheresearch.

Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsus（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrains

B.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlives

C.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasks

D.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestors

问题2选项

A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.

B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.

C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.

D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.

问题3选项

A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.

B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.

C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.

D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.

问题4选项

A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.

B.Morewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskills.

C.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.

D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.

问题5选项

A.Defensive

B.Persuasive

C.Supportive

D.Objective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先通过否定脑袋越大的动物越聪明，所以男性一定比女性聪明的论断来引出文章的中心论点，即男女性在智利方而是没有什么差异的，是他们的大脑构造的不同导致了知识的掌握以及行为等方面的不同。因此选项A“男女性大脑的不同”比较能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。选项A“女性的大脑比男性轻10%”，根据文章第一段Theaveragewomen'sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.中的关键词average“平均”可知选项A表述不够准确，不是所有的女性的大脑都比男性轻10%；根据文章第一段中的Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.“大脑包括‘大脑灰质”和‘白质’，尽管男性有更多的白质，但男女‘思维’几乎是相同的”可以推断出大脑灰质是“思维型”，而根据文章第三段中的Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks...“由于对于完成需要空间思维的任务至关道要……”可知白质是“空间想象型”，故选项B“灰质和白质所起到的作用相同”和选项D“男女性拥有等量的白质”错误，而选项C“大脑灰质控制思维”正确。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的womencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.“女性大脑可以同吋处理来自不同地方的多种信息”可以推断出选项A“女性愿意同时做多件事”正确；选项B“男性能更好地在一个吋间内处理—件事情”在文章中没有体现；根据文章第三段中的whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!“为什么男性不会去询问有关方向的问题，而女性却常常问这样的问题”可知选项C“女性不需要辨别方向”和选项D“男性的空间思维能力更弱”错误，故选A。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills(这些大脑的区别解释了一种实际现象一一大部分男性都会从事需要很好的空间思维能力的工作而女性却从事需要语言技巧的工作),可推断出选项B“更多的女性从事需要语言技巧的工作”正确。

5.观点态度题。这是一篇具有科普类性质的文章，科普类的一般是客观的，故答案选项为D“客观的”。

2.单选题

Thatthedriver（

）inordertoavoidanaccidentcouldbeprovenbyexaminingthemarksonthepavement.

问题1选项

A.swerved

B.accelerated

C.dissolved

D.withdrew

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。

动词辨析。Swerve突然转向;accelerate加速，促进;dissolve溶解，解散;withdraw撤退，离开。故A符合句意。

3.单选题

Henry’scloseto（

）hisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

问题1选项

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，因此人们常常把他们俩认错。

名词辨析。Resemblance相似,后面可接介词to;identity身份;appearance外貌;relationship关系。因此排除B,D。另外,没有“appearanceto”的用法,故选A。

4.单选题

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们认为在这么多年里达成目标，于他而言是可能的。

语法题。考查形式宾语。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears为真正的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。当不定式作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末。故A正确。

5.单选题

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息处理机比打字机好得多，因为它能使你更容易地输入和编辑文本。

动词辨析。Register登记，注册;edit编辑，校对;propose建议，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

6.单选题

Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,（

）byhand,wouldhavelostallpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.

问题1选项

A.hadtheybeendone

B.theyhadbeendone

C.havingbeendone

D.theyweredone

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果用手进行数百万次的计算，到结束时就已经失去了意义。

语法题。考查倒装。由句意以及wouldhavelost…推断此句应采用If引导的非真实条件句表示虚拟,而且表示与过去事实相反的假设。因此应该是iftheyhadbeendonebyhand,当省略if后需采用倒装结构，即Hadtheybeendonebyhand。

7.单选题

Theboyhasadmittedto（

）thewindowwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

问题1选项

A.breaking

B.havingbeenbroken

C.break

D.bebreaking

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。

语法题。考查动词时态。admitto中的to是介词，后接动词吋需用-ing形式,排除C，D；并且break是瞬间动词不能用完成时态，故答案选项为A。

8.单选题

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他讲话非常有说服力以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。

副词辨析。Bluntly直率地;convincingly有说服力地;emphatically强调地;determinedly坚定地。根据后面句意“以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了”判断B符合句意。

9.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】句意:她对我一直挺好一_既然她需要我的帮助，那么我就不能拒绝帮助她。

固定搭配。turnone’sbackonsb.拒绝帮助某人。

10.单选题

Hesaidthathe’dsoonerdiethan（

）.

问题1选项

A.betray

B.tobetray

C.betrayed

D.begraying

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。

固定搭配。hadsooner+动词原形+thandosth.宁可做某事而不做某事。

11.单选题

Hestoodthere,（

）apen.

问题1选项

A.askingfor

B.askfor

C.askedfor

D.toaskfor

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他站在那,想要一只笔。

语法题。考查动词的-ing形式作状语。此处已有谓语动词stood，所以后面是ask的Ing形式作伴随状语。故选A。

12.翻译题

Putthefollowing10sentencesintoChinese.

Thepurposebehindsuchattemptsistoinfluencepublicopinionandjustifytheaggressivewar.

Ibelieve,therearefewinEnglandwhoknowmeatallwhodonotknowmeasanIrishCatholic.

Booksarethebest,wellused;abused,amongtheworst.

Ifaspecificrelationshipseemstobetrueinanumberofcases,withoutanyexceptions,thenitmaybehypothesizedthattherelationshipholdsingeneral.

Largefieldsofthesamecropalsoresultinrapidmultiplicationofdestructiveinsects.

Marketresearchisastudyoftherequirementsofvariousmarkets,theacceptabilityofproducts,andthemethodsofdevelopingorexploitingnewmarkets.

Withmoreandmorewomenenteringtherankofmanagement,researchersbegintoexploretherelationshipbetweengenderandleadership.

Cultureisactivityofthought,andreceptivenesstobeautyandhumanefeeling.Scrapsofinformationhavenothingtodowithit.

ManyscientificinventionsorestablishmentsoriginatedfromEuropewerefirsttobeappliedorimplementedinUSA.

Itisunavoidablethatpeopleoftwogenerationsandeventhoseofthesameagedifferintheirvaluesandpursuits.

【答案】这种做法背后的目的就是为了影响公众的想法以及证明这场侵略战争的合法性。

我相信，在英格兰凡是认识我的人，几乎都知道我是个爱尔兰天主教徒。

如果利用得当，书籍就是最好的朋友；反之，如果滥用，它就会变成最坏的东西了。

如果某一特定的关系在很多情况下都正确，且无一例外，则可以假定，该关系可以成立。

大片相同的作物也会导致破坏性昆虫的快速增殖。

市场研究是研究不同的市场的需求、产品的可接受性、发展或者开发新市场的方法。

随着越来越多的女性进入管理层，研究人员开始探索性别和领导能力之间的关系。

文化素养是一种思想活动，具有对美和人情感悟能力。道听途说的点滴知识与此完全是两码事。

许多起源于欧洲的科学发明或者机构首次在美国被应用或者实现。

两代人甚至同龄人之间在价值观和追求上的差异是不可避免的。

13.翻译题

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中国有5000多年的历史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

历史上，中国在短期内被划分为多个部分，并且不同的区域由不同的群体管辖。

从公元前21世纪的夏朝开始至清朝结束，中国历史上经历过几十个朝代的变更。

每个朝代在政治、经济、文化和科学技术等领域都有独特的成就。

汉朝是当时世界上最先进的帝国,“汉族”这一名称就得名于汉朝。

唐朝因统一时间长、国力强盛而被国人铭记，因此在海外的中国人自称为“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是经济、文化、教育与科学高度繁荣的时代。

但朝代的更替一般会导致连年战争，给人民大众带来了难以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛泽东宣布中华人民共和国的成立。

毛泽东思想作为中国共产党的政治和军事指导思想被广泛应用。

14.单选题

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

问题1选项

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但直到25岁她才第一次获得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故选A。

15.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意:兼职及弹性工作方式加上培训与再培训方案推广，使得更多的妇女能够利用就业机会。

语法题。考查主谓一致。主语是不可数名词growth,故谓语用单数形式，故选D。

16.翻译题

Haveyouheardofthenews?NosoonerhadhearrivedinRomethanhewaskidnapped!

Smithfailedtoaccountforthedecreaseinthecompany’sannualprofits.

Noonecouldcomeupwithaneasysolutiontothelaborshortagewhichiscausedbythewars.

Althoughtheendofthetermwascloseathand,Tomhadnotcompletedallofftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

Idon’tthinkitissensibleofyoutoshowoffyourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthechairman,foritmaywelloffendhim.

Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.

Theflood-strickenareaisliabletoplagues,soitmakessensetostrengthentheepidemicpreventionthereforthesakeofhealth.

Thegovernmenthadtocometotermswiththetradeunionforfearthatthesituationmightbebeyondcontrol.

Thescientificandtechnologicalprogressisattributedtotheeffortsofthescientists,engineersandothertechnicalworkerswhohavemadeadifference.

Heshouldhavetoldthetruth.Butonsecondthought,heresolvedtokeepthesecret.

【答案】你听说了吗？他一到罗马就被绑架了。

斯密斯没能解释公司年利润下降的原因。

没人能提出一个合适的方案来解决由这场战争导致的劳工短缺问题。

尽管就要学期末了，但是汤姆还没有完成所有他想完成的项目。

我觉得你在校长面前炫耀自己丰富的知识是不明智的，因为这可能会冒犯他。

当便宜的大衣跟贵的一样好的时候，那还买贵的就没意义了。

遭受洪灾的地区容易发生瘟疫，所以为了健康而加强流行病防疫是有意义的。

政府不得不与工会达成协议，唯恐局面失控。

科技进步归功于科学家、工程师和其他技术工作者做出的努力。

他本应该说出真相的。但进一步考虑后，他决定保守秘密。

17.单选题

（

）foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

问题1选项

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。

语法题。考查therebe的非限定性形式。题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即therebe的非限定形式在做状语therebeing形式。而由题干关键词foralongtime判断此处应该用现在完成时。

18.单选题

Thecriminalalwayspaid（

）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

问题1选项

A.on

B.by

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】句意:罪犯通常用现金支付，这样警察就没法逮捕到他。

固定搭配。payincash为固定用法,表示“用现金支付”。

19.单选题

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.

Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.

Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.

Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.

Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.

1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat

（

）.

4.Theauthor'stone

（

）.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means（

）.

问题1选项

A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram

B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging

C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging

D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement

问题2选项

A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting

B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower

C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive

D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems

问题3选项

A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem

B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared

C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts

D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees

问题4选项

A.skeptical

B.aggressive

C.approving

D.purelyobjective

问题5选项

A.awesome

B.horrifying

C.aspiritualdiscipline

D.vicious

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首段提出慢跑是一种简便易行的且可以保持健康的运动方式。之后分别讨论了跑步鞋、着装、跑步能力。故选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了，xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的运动方式就是可以训练心脏、肺部以及整个血液循环系统的运动)。故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出,对于慢跑者来说选择合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者没有做好准备,慢跑也可能会造成损害。故选B。

4.观点态度题。文章指出慢跑简便易行而且可以保持健康,还可以减少患心脏病的几率。故选C。

5.词义题。“mystical”出现在第一段,用于修饰“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑这一运动项目广受欢迎,并有助于保持身体健康。故选C。

20.单选题

Youshouldhavebeenmorepatient（

）thatcustomer;I’msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.

问题1选项

A.of

B.with

C.for

D.at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你应该要对那位顾客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最终一定会买那块表。

固定搭配。bepatientwith对…有耐心。

21.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

问题3选项

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(从家庭生活向独身生活方式的转变是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分)。故选A(他们受到强烈的个人主义意识驱使)。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(当代独自生活的这一代人的成长时期正是欧洲从社会民主政治过渡到更精明、更个性化的美国风格的资本主义气候的时期)。因此B项(接近美国风格的资本主义)正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(虽然领取养老金的人，特别是老年妇女，在独居者中占很大比例，但最新的单身人群是30多岁和40多岁的高收入者，他们越来越把独居视为一种生活方式选择),因此选D:最新的单身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她从未想要去做她母亲所做的一切一一为了照顾家庭，抚育儿女而放弃事业。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：过一种自主的生活)。由此可知,A项(一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活)正确。

5.作者意图题。本文主要写的是新一代的年轻人受到社会和经济的影响越来越趋向于个人独居生活，尤其是欧洲青年单身化趋势的原因。故C项(探讨年轻人独居趋势)比较能概括作者的写作目的。

22.单选题

Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan（

）.

问题1选项

A.havebeenputin

B.hasbeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin

【答案】B

【解析】句意:该研究需要的经费比己经投入的经费要多。

语法题。考查现在完成时态。由句中关键词“requires”为一般现在时态知“钱的被投入属于己经发生的动作”，再由“money钱”表示单数知B项“hasbeenputin（这里has前面省略了关系代词that）”正确。

23.单选题

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe（

）toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.

问题1选项

A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他本来会完成自己的大学教育，但是他却不得不放弃，然后找一份工作来养家。

语法题考查一般过去吋态。由句中关键词“wouldhavefinished本来会完成”表示对过去事情的假设,因此这里表示对过去情况的描述，故C项“had（其为动词have的过去时态）”正确。

24.单选题

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

问题2选项

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

问题3选项

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

问题4选项

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

问题5选项

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力)。由此可知B项“各类杂志正在强化自身的统计检查”正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(杂志的内部编辑、现有的审稿委员会或外部同行审稿人将对Manu进行进一步的审查),由此可知“flagup”有“标出；指出”的意思，故C项“被标记”正确。

3.细节事实题。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirappro