2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号62

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thepurposeofa（

）istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryfromforeigncompetition.

问题1选项

A.tax

B.tariff

C.fee

D.toll

【答案】B

【解析】句意:征收关税的目的在于削减进口，从而保护国内产业免受国际竞争。

名词辨析。Tax征税，出租车;tariff关税,收费表;fee费用，酬金;toll征税,代价。根据后半句意推测B项正确。

2.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographersalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

问题1选项

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

问题2选项

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanseverdifferentpurposes

问题3选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

问题4选项

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntotheoutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

问题5选项

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章首句指出:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject(传记作家必须与主人公保持适当距离，并要时常调整与主人公之间的距离).故选A“既要比较了解，又要保持一定距离”。

2.判断推理题。题干关键词ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBible前面所在句为:Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive(当主人公是英雄或著名人物吋，传记作者常常会流露出民主的动机)以及Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus(其它一些传记则有意要改变我们)。可知选择D“传记可以有不同的目的”。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段内容可知传记作家和主人公的关系太近太远都不好;第二段第一句指出:Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask(要完成这一任务，没有最佳位罝);最后一段最后一句:Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife(我们直觉地意识到没有人能够讲述完整的人生故事)。故选C“没人能写出完美传记”。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress(未经授权的传记通常意味着读者有可能从中读到主人公不希望公之于众的刺激的八卦消息),因此选B“包含有关主人公私生活的有趣的信息”。

5.主旨大意题。文章指出:传记作家在与主人公关系太近太远都不好。无论传记作者如何描述，都不能完完全全展示人物的真实生活。因此选A“传记作者很难选准最佳角度去写作”。

3.单选题

Basicresearchprovidesthe（

）fundofscientificknowledge,onwhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.

问题1选项

A.capital

B.endowed

C.enhanced

D.initiative

【答案】A

【解析】句意:基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。

形容词辨析。Capitalfund资本基金;endowedfund捐助基金;enhancedfund增强型基金;initiativefund项目基金。因此A符合句意。

4.单选题

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们认为在这么多年里达成目标，于他而言是可能的。

语法题。考查形式宾语。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears为真正的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。当不定式作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末。故A正确。

5.单选题

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously（

）nopointinstaying.

问题1选项

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们离开了会议，因为留下来显然没有什么意义。

语法题。考查therebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事没有用或没有意义”,因此排除D。前半句已经是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非谓语充当原因状语。因此C项being正确。

6.单选题

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（

）fivemiles.

问题1选项

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.approximately

D.apparently

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们没有办法精确测量我们的实际旅程，但是我们认为大概是5英里。

副词辨析。Precisely精确地;appropriately适当地;approximately大约，大概;apparently显然。因此C符合句意。

7.单选题

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:欧盟国家曾担心他们石油供应不足。

形容词辨析。Proficient熟练的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潜在的，可能的;sufficient足够的，充分的。故D符合句意。

8.单选题

Thatthedriver（

）inordertoavoidanaccidentcouldbeprovenbyexaminingthemarksonthepavement.

问题1选项

A.swerved

B.accelerated

C.dissolved

D.withdrew

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。

动词辨析。Swerve突然转向;accelerate加速，促进;dissolve溶解，解散;withdraw撤退，离开。故A符合句意。

9.单选题

Einsteindiscoveredthelawsthatgoverntheuniverse,notinalaborinan（

）,butatthedeskinhisstudy.

问题1选项

A.orchard

B.orbit

C.observatory

D.outlet

【答案】C

【解析】句意:爱因斯坦不是在实验室或者天文台发现了宇宙的规律，而是在他的书房的桌子上。

名词辨析。Orchard果园，果树林;orbit轨道，眼眶;observatory天文台,气象台;outlet出口，排放孔。空格应该与or连接的lab(实验室)并列,故选C。

10.单选题

Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn't（

）inthewash,butithas.

问题1选项

A.contract

B.shrink

C.slim

D.dissolve

【答案】B

【解析】句意:广告说这种材料不会缩水，但实际上不然。

动词辨析。Contract指（金属等）收缩，缩小;shrink指（布料等浸湿后）起皱，（个头、尺寸等）收缩;slim变苗条，减轻体重;dissolve溶解，融化。故B符合句意。

11.单选题

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

问题1选项

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.controversy

D.verdict

【答案】C

【解析】句意:发生几次核灾难之后，关于核能安全的问题引发了一场激烈的争论。

名词辨析。quarrel吵架,口角;suspicion怀疑,疑心;controversy争论,辩论;verdict（陪审团的）裁定。故C符合句意。

12.单选题

The（

）theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.

问题1选项

A.affection

B.adherence

C.sensibility

D.sensitivity

【答案】A

【解析】句意:每个看到他们的人都能看出他们互相之间的喜爱之情。

名词辨析。Affection喜爱,钟爱;adherence坚持，遵守;sensibility敏感;sensitivity体贴，体恤。故A符合句意。

13.单选题

（

）formorethanfivetosevenminutes,thebrainwillbesubjectedtoirreversibledamage.

问题1选项

A.Oxygenoncedeprivedof

B.Oncedeprivedofoxygen

C.Deprivedofoxygenonce

D.Onceoxygendeprivedof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一旦缺氧超过5到7分钟，大脑就会受到不可逆的损害。

语法题。考查动词过去分词。句子前半部分为Once引导的时间状语从句，Once需放在句首，故排除选项A和C;分句的逻辑主语应为thebrain,主语与从句动词构成被动关系,所以应该用deprivedofoxygen。故选B。

14.单选题

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（谨言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（语言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men’slanguage’，untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguagewhichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchangeofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“niasculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail（

）.

2.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

3.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

4.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday'syoungwomen

（

）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B.theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C.thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D.thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

问题2选项

A.Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B.Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C.Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D.Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

问题3选项

A.Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.

B.Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment

C.Theyacceptitasamodemtrend.

D.Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.

问题4选项

A.mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations

B.hasbeentrueofallpastgenerations

C.isviewedasasignoftheirmaturity

D.isaresultofrapidsocialprogress

问题5选项

A.asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturation

B.anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchange

C.oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsociety

D.aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantoday

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一句就点明主旨:Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan(使用敬语是儒家理想女性的象征，它主宰着日本保守的性别规范),可知B“儒家思想统治着日本严格的性别规范”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s(她们很少使用恭顺的“女性”用语，却使用为数不多的强势的“男性”用语),可知B“很少使用恭顺的语言表达”正确。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage(这当然吸引了大量关注，日本媒体强烈抗议女性语言的‘去女性化’)。因此选D“他们强烈反对”。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词YoshikoMatsumoto定位至第三段:YoshikoMatsuniotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen(YoshikoMastumoto指出，年轻女性可能从未使用过老一辈女性使用的高级别敬语)。以及Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto’’-afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell(毫无疑问，人们是期望年轻女性能够使用这种非常礼貌的用语的，毕竟它不仅仅是女性的象征，还是成熟和教养的象征，而且这种语言的使用标志着个人社会关系性质的变化)。因此推断现代年轻女性的用语习惯也是可以导致个人社会关系的改变的,故选A。

5.细节事实题。第四段:KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout(KatsueReynolds曾指出，如今为了能在校内外和男孩竞争，女孩使用更为自信的语言策略),因此选C“是在男权社会竞争的一种策略”。

15.单选题

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,artormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgans,connectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit

（

）.

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiar

structureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

问题2选项

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

问题3选项

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

问题4选项

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

问题5选项

A.RoleofInheritance

B.AnUnbornChild

C.Functionofinstincts

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。有关胎儿发育的科学知识告诉我们，母亲在孕期学习诗词、音乐等，希望能够以此塑造自己未出生的孩子在某一方面的特性，这种做法是难以达到想要的目的的。因此B项(我们完全不能从胎儿发育中学到任何东西)与原文不符。

2.细节事实题。第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood(母亲的情感冲击会影响她的孩子，因为这改变了她的腺体的活动和血液的化学成分)。故选A。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而,小孩有可能多少会遗传一种普通的能力一一我们称之为智力)。故选C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第三段:Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(如果这些因素都运用到音乐方而,那么这个孩子就有可能成为一名音乐家)。故选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章重在讨论特定能力和遗传因素之间的关系。故选A。

16.单选题

I’dratheryou（

）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

问题1选项

A.do

B.didn’tdo

C.don’t

D.didn’t

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我宁愿你目前什么也不要做。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Wouldrather后面接从句时要用虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的虚拟时,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。故选B。

17.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

北京计划未来投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。

中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。

土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。

大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。

她就是那个到明年年底会攒一万美元的那个女孩。

你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？

自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸。

你知道你们班长喜欢的女孩儿是贼的女儿吗？

他很谦逊，认为自己离成功还很远。

宗教和科学其实不但可以调和，而且可以共存共生。

【答案】Beijingisgoingtoinvest760billionyuaninthefuturetocontrolpollution,beginningwithcuttingdowntheemissionofPM2.5.

TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.

Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingofftheirwealthallaround.

Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.

Sheisthegirlwhowillhavemadetenthousanddollarsbytheendofnextyear.

Doyouknowthethiefwhomthepolicemanhasbeenlookingfor?

Shehasneverseenherfathersincehewasborn.

Doyouknowthegirlwhoislikedbyyourmonitoristhedaughterofathief?

9.Heishumbleandthinksheisfarfromsuccess.

10.Religionandsciencearenotonlyreconcilable,butalsosymbiotic.

18.单选题

Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto（

）

问题1选项

A.theother

B.anyother

C.another

D.other

【答案】A

【解析】句意:讨论中，双方未达成协议，因为双方都不愿意让步。

代词辨析。由句中neitherside推断出有两方，两方中另一方用theother。

19.单选题

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

问题1选项

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:所有航班因暴风雪都被取消，我们不得不改乘火车。

语法题。考查独立主格结构。题干后半句已经完整,所以前半句是独立主格结构,排除A,B。由于动作发生在“改乘火车”之前,而且是“被取消”,所以用havingbeencanceled。

20.单选题

Ithasoftenbeenmyfate—perhapstheexpatriate'sfateingeneral,perhapsmerelytheself-hater’s—tobeagainstthings.AsanAmerican,Ihavefrequentlyseemedanti-American;asaneducatedperson,I'moftenanti-intellectual.WhenItaughtatHarvard,Iwasanti-Harvard.Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife.

Thesedaysmorethanever,Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdain,towardtheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican.”Indeed,hereinEurope,manycitizenstrembleattheverythought.Why?Aside,ofcourse,fromthefacileandone-dimensionalexplanationofjealousy,isn'ttherestofthefreeandnot-so-freeworldburstingattheseamstobelikethecitizensofthecountrythatbroughtuslife,libertyand—thatanthemofthemodemage—thepursuit

ofhappiness?

Onereason,itoccurstome,issimpleandyetprofound;Americalackscharm.Mysister-in-law,asingleFrenchwelfaremotherwholivesinabeautifulprovincialvillagewithfourboysbetween4and18,allathome,seemstome,despiteherdifficulties,tohavemorecharminherlife—theweeklytripstothemarket,theoccasionalglassofredwine,thetiltedroofsandstonewallsofthevillageitself—thanmanyamillionaireinmygreathomestateofTexas.(Howhorrible!ThePuritanmindclaims,awelfaremotherwithaglassofwine!InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine.)Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall".

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,whatkindofpersoncanweassumetheauthoris?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,howaretheattitudeschangingtowardsAmerica?

4.Whichofthefollowingopinionscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhatdoestheauthorfindmostcharmingintheFrenchvillage?

问题1选项

A.TheCharmingandSuspiciousEuropeans

B.ACharmingFrenchWelfareMother

C.TheCharmingLifeinaFrenchVillage

D.AmericaLosestheCharmWar

问题2选项

A.Jealous

B.Profound

C.Non-conformist

D.Traditional

问题3选项

A.Europeanshavealwaysseemedanti-American.

B.EuropeansarelessagreeabletotheUnitedStates.

C.EuropeansincreasinglytrytoemulateAmericanideas.

D.Europeanshavetheirownstyle,sonothinghaschanged.

问题4选项

A.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldneverdrinkredwine.

B.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldoccasionallydrinkredwine.

C.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"havetherighttodrinkredwine.

D.Theauthorthinksonlyrichmothershavetherighttodrinkredwine.

问题5选项

A.Simplethingsbutnotextravagant.

B.Thepursuitofhappiness.

C.Thebeautifulvillagescenery.

D.Thevillagers',senseofbelonging.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章反映出美国现在面临的问题并且在讨论美国现在越来越失去它的影响力和吸引力,因此D最适合作文章标题。

2.细节事实题。第一段最后一句指出:Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife(所有这些都使我更像欧洲人，因为从本质上讲，欧洲人对每一种形式的归属都持怀疑态度，也支持非墨守成规的生活)。故选C。

3.细节事实题。第二段开头指出:Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdaintowardstheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican(欧洲人似乎对美国保持着一种如果不能说是不屑的那就是非常怀疑的态度，正如前俄罗斯总统MikhailGorbachev最近在《华盛顿邮报》中指出的‘世界并不想成为美国人”),因此欧洲人现在对美国持有的是怀疑的态度,故选B。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词welfaremothers定位至最后一段:InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine(然而，在法国就算是接受福利救济的母亲也有资格偶尔喝点红酒)。故选C“作者认为接受福利救济的母亲是有权利喝红酒的”。

5.判断推理题。最后一句指出:Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall(和很多的百万富翁不同，我那贫穷的嫂子懂得莫泊桑作品中的一句话:简单才是最大的魅力)。由此可知作者认为法国的村庄最有魅力的地方就是简单而不奢华。

21.单选题

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had,30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstonofinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplants.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts