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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whiletheVictoriannovelcontinuestobeagrowthindustryinAcademe.Eagerly,oneturnstoProfessorHalperin’s“ACriticalIntroduction”tonineteenessaysbyasmanyprofessorsofEnglishProfessorHalperinhasnotaneasywaywithourrichlanguage.Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof“someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime”willbebetterthanhisown.
AmericanprofessorsofEnglishhaveneverhadaneasytimewithFrenchtheoreticiansofthenovel(closescrutinyofthequotationfromBarthesrevealsthatitwastakenfromanEnglishnotanAmericantranslation).Nevertheless,despitevarioushedgeslike“mayinevitably,”ProfessorHalperinhasrecklesslyenrolledhimselfintheschoolofParis(classof56).Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel“isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself.”Asidefromthepresumptionofpretendingtoknowwhatanywriterhasinmind(isheinevitablybutnotconsciouslydescribingormimickingtherealworld?),itisnativetoassumethataman-madenovelcaneverresembleameteorfallenfromouterspace,aperfectlyautonomousartifactwhoseraisondetreis“withtherelationshipsamongthevariousstructuralelementswithintheworkoffictionitself”ratherthan“betweenreaderandtext.”ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from“thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.”Andso,indubiousbattle,unconscioussentienciesclashintheEnglishdepartmentsoftheWestwithinsentientconsciousnesses.
Ingeneral,ProfessorHalperin’snovel-theoristshavenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature.Whythendotheywritewhentheyhavenothingtosay?Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.Theresultofallthisbook-chatcannotinterestanyonewhoknowsliteraturewhilethosewhowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutbookscanonlybemystifiedanddiscouragedbythesecommentaries.CertainlyitisnoaccidentthatthenumberofstudentstakingEnglishcourseshasbeenindeclineforsomeyears.Butthatisbesidethepoint.Whatmattersisthattheeffortsoftheteachersnowunderreviewadduptoatleastahalfmillenniumofacademictenure.
Rebirthofthenovel?Thatseemsunlikely.TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding.AmbitiousnovelistsarepoignantlyawareofthegeneraldeclineinwhatProfessorHalperinwouldcall“readingskills”.MuchofMr.DonaldBarthelme’smeanstobeironic.Ofcourseheknowshisbookisnotveryinterestingtoread,butthenlifeisnotveryinterestingtoliveeither.Hopefully,asProfessorHalperinwouldsay,thebookwillself-destructonceithasbeenrituallypraisedwhereverEnglishistaughtbutnotlearned.
1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJohnHalperin’scredentialsandpastpublicationsisbestdescribedas(
).
2.Theauthorarguesthatcontemporaryliterarycriticismproducedbytheacademy(
).
3.Theauthordifferentiatesbetweentwotypesofnovels:
(
).
4.Theauthoriscriticaloftheideathatthenovel
(
).
5.TheauthorofthisessaybelievesthatHalperin(
).
问题1选项
A.collegial
B.condescending
C.compassionate
D.cynical
问题2选项
A.isstronglyinfluencedbycriticalworkswrittenbyFrenchphilosophers
B.isusefulonlyinsofarasissecuresitsauthor’sacademiccareer
C.reflectsanunhealthysenseofnihilism
D.servesasanexampleoftheinterface“betweenreaderandtext”
问题3选项
A.oneartfullycreatedforpeoplewholovetoread,theothersloppedtogetherforscholasticanalysis
B.onewell-writtenandintendedforscholars,theotherpoorly-writtenandintendedforthepublic
C.thosethatareworthwhileandthosethatareproducedforthemass-market
D.onethatislifelessandmeantforanalysisbythepublic,theotherpoorly-writtenandmeantforthereadingenjoymentofthepublic
问题4选项
A.meansmanydifferentthingstomanydifferentpeople
B.istheresultofauthorialintentandinteractionwiththeoutsideworld
C.isacollaborativework
D.iscreatedandbeunderstoodentirelyofandwithinitself
问题5选项
A.hascreatedausefulandwell-writtenanthology
B.ultimatelymakesvaluable,ifcontroversial,claimsaboutmodernliterature
C.isabetteranalystthanwriter
D.assumestoomuchaboutfictionwriters’intentionsandmindsets
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:D
【解析】第1题:1.观点态度题。对于Halperin教授头衔的学术分量,作者认为“Thisistrueacademicweight.”但是文章中引用了一些加引号的语句,充满了讽刺感。尤其第一段最后一句话“Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof'someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime'willbebetterthanhisown.”更是表明了作者对其的讽刺意味。因此D选项符合题意。
第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第三段提到“Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.”可知有远大目标的教师写文章的目的是提升学术地位。因此B选项符合题意。
第3题:3.判断推理题。文章第四段提到“TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding”大学类小说适合上课用,大众类小说通俗易懂,但没有多少阅读价值。因此B选项“一篇写得很好,是为学者准备的,另一篇写得很差,是为公众准备的”符合题意。
第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第二段提到了Halperin教授对小说的观点“Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel‘isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself’…ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from‘thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.’”他认为小说就是讲故事,除了小说本身,不会再传递其他信息或表示其他任何事物。因此D选项符合题意。
第5题:5.观点态度题。作者认为Halperin教授“havenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature”,排除A和B选项;C选项“与其说是个作家,不如说是分析家”未提及。第二段提到了Halperin教授认为小说的价值在于“与小说本身各类结构元素之间的关系”,而不是“读者与文本之间”,因此D选项“假设太多关于小说作者的意图和心态”符合题意。
2.单选题
Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.
问题1选项
A.thequalities
B.thatgoes
C.haveability
D.tomakeimpact
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定用法。D选项处应表示“产生影响”,impact是可数名词,因此正确用法应为“tomakeanimpact”。
3.单选题
Heisanyonewhobelievesthatwill,reason,andpurposearerealandsignificant;thatvalueandjusticeareaspectsofarealitycalledgoodandeviland[A]restuponsomefoundationotherthancustom;thatconsciousnessissofarfrom[B]beingamereepiphenomenonthatitisthemosttremendousofactualities;thatthe[C]unmeasuredmaybesignificant;or,tosumitallup,thatthosehumanrealities[D]whichsometimesseemtoexistonlyinthehumanmindaretheperceptionsofthemind.
问题1选项
A.rest
B.being
C.unmeasured
D.which
【答案】C
【解析】考查词形。对应前面的“themosttremendousofactualities”,C选项unmeasured应该表示“不可估量的”,这是错误的形式,原形应该来自measurable,它的否定形式是immeasurable。
4.单选题
Studiesofveryyoungboysandgirlsshowonlythat,(
)boysmayhavealowertoleranceforfrustration,andatendencytowardsrough-and-tumbleplay,thesetendenciesaredwarfedbytheimportanceofmalesocializationandpeerpressureintogenderroles.
问题1选项
A.although
B.because
C.however
D.aslongas
【答案】A
【解析】考查逻辑关系。句意“研究表明,……男孩子可能对挫折的容忍度较低,还有打闹的,这些倾向被男性重要的社会性和性别角色的压力弱化了。主从句间应表示让步的关系,因此A选项符合题意。
5.单选题
Tothe(
)valuesofliberty,equality,andabenevolentChristianmoralitywerenowaddedthemiddle-classvirtues—especiallyofNewEngland—ofhardwork,honestyandintegrity,therewardsofindividualeffort,andobediencetoparentsandlegitimateauthority.
问题1选项
A.disproportionate
B.incipient
C.resplendent
D.participatory
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项disproportionate“不成比例的”;B选项incipient“初期的,初始的”;C选项resplendent“光辉的;璀璨的”;D选项participatory“供人分享的;吸引参与的”。句意:在自由、平等和仁慈的基督教道德观这些……的价值观之外,现在又增加了中产阶级的美德,尤其是新英格兰的中产阶级的美德:勤奋、诚实正直、个人努力的回报、对父母的服从和合法权威。与后面“中产阶级的美德”对应的只有“璀璨的价值观”。因此C选项符合题意。
6.单选题
AccordingtotheKoran,itwasonaTuesdaythatAllahcreateddarkness.LastSeptember11,whensuicidepilotswerecrashingcommercialairlinersintocrowdedAmericanbuildings,Ididnothavetolooktothecalendartoseewhatdayitwas:DarkTuesdaywascastingitslongshadowacrossManhattanandalongthePotomacRiver.Iwasalsonotsurprisedthatdespitethesevenorsotrilliondollarsthatwehavespentsince1950onwhatiseuphemisticallycalled“defense,”therewouldhavebeennoadvancewarningfromtheFBIorCIAorDefenseIntelligenceAgency.
WhiletheBushiteshavebeeneagerlypreparingforthelastwarbuttwo—missilesfromNorthKorea,clearlymarkedwithflags,wouldraindownonPortland,Oregon,onlytobeinterceptedbyourmissile-shieldballoons—thefoxyOsamabinLadenknewthatallheneededforhisholywarontheinfidelwereflierswillingtokillthemselvesalongwiththoserandompassengerswhohappenedtobeaboardhijackedairliners.
ForseveraldecadestherehasbeenanunrelentingdemonizationoftheMuslimworldintheAmericanmedia.SinceIamaloyalAmerican,Iamnotsupposedtotellyouwhythishastakenplace,butthenitisnotusualforustoexaminewhyanythinghappens;wesimplyaccuseothersofmotivelessmalignity.“Wearegood,”G.W.proclaims,“Theyareevil,”whichwrapsthatoneupinaneatpackage.Later,Bushhimselfput,asitwere,thebowonthepackageinanaddresstoajointsessionofCongresswherehesharedwiththem—aswellaswiththerestofussome-whereovertheBeltway—hisprofoundknowledgeofIslam'swilesandways:“TheyhatewhattheyseerighthereinthisChamber.”IsuspectamillionAmericansnoddedsadlyinfrontoftheirTVsets.“Theirleadersareself-appointed.Theyhateourfreedoms,ourfreedomofreligion,ourfreedomofspeech,ourfreedomtovoteandassembleanddisagreewitheachother.”AtthisplangentmomentwhatAmerican'sgorgedidnotriselikeaFloridachadtothebait?
AmemberofthePentagonJunta,Rumsfeld,askilledstand-upcomic,dailymadefunofalargegroupof“journalists”onprime-timeTV.Atgreat,andoftenamusing,length,Rummytellsusnothingaboutourlossesandtheirlosses.HedidseemtobelievethatthesentimentalOsamawasholedupinacaveonthePakistanborderinsteadofsettledinapalaceinIndonesiaorMalaysia,twodenselypopulatedcountrieswhereheisadmiredandwearenot.Inanycase,neverbeforeinourlonghistoryofundeclaredunconstitutionalwarshavewe,theAmericanpeople,beentreatedwithsuchimpishdisdain—somanyirrelevantspearcarrierstobehighlytaxed(thoseofuswhoarenotrich)andoccasionallyinvitedtoparticipateintheoddriggedpoll.
TheBushadministration,thougheerilyineptinallbutitsprincipaltask,whichistoexempttherichfromtaxes,hascasuallytornupmostofthetreatiestowhichcivilizednationssubscribe—liketheKyotoAccordsorthenuclearmissileagreementwithRussia.TheBushitesgoabouttheirrelentlessplunderingoftheTreasuryandnow,thankstoOsama,SocialSecurity(asupposedlyuntouchabletrustfund),which,likeLuckyStrikegreen,hasgonetoawarcurrentlycostingus$3billionamonth.TheyhavealsoallowedtheFBIandCIAeithertorunamokornotbudgeatall,leavingus,theveryfirst“indispensable”and—atpopularrequest—lastglobalempire,ratherliketheWizardofOzdoinghisoddpretend-magictrickswhilehopingnottobefoundout.Meanwhile,G.W.booms,“EitheryouarewithusoryouarewiththeTerrorists.”That'sknownasaskingforit.
1.TheauthorbelievesthatAmerica'sdefensespending(
).
2.Theauthorusestheterm“riggedpoll”to
(
).
3.Intheessay,PresidentGeorgeWBush'suseofdichotomyisportrayedas
(
).
4.Theuseoftheterm“Pentagonjunta”indicatestheauthor'sbeliefthat
(
).
5.WhentheauthormentionstheTresury,SocialSecurity,theFBI,andtheCIA,heintendstohighlightthefactthat(
).
问题1选项
A.tectsthenationalsecurity
B.isgoodforhumanity
C.primarilyfightsterror
D.isamisnomer
问题2选项
A.castdoubtuponthevotingprocess
B.refertopublicopinionpolls
C.remindthereaderofpoliticalcorruption
D.addhumortoanotherwiseseriousarticle
问题3选项
A.jingoisticandrational
B.misleadingandsimplistic
C.well-consideredandpoliticallyexpedient
D.effectiverhetoricthatwillstandthetestoftime
问题4选项
A.thePentagonhastransformedintoapopulistpoliticalmachine
B.theleadersofAmerica'smilitaryestablishmentwereoverrepresentedinBush'sWhiteHouse
C.themilitary-industrialcomplexhastakencontrolofAmerica'spoliticalprocess
D.journalistshavenotbeenabletogetsolidinformationfromtheBushadministration
问题5选项
A.war-relatedexpensesarelikemagictricks
B.Americaisspendingharmfulamountsofmoneyon“security”
C.itisdifficulttofundtheAmericanempire
D.America'sempireisnotpopular,butitmaybenecessarytomaintain“security”.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Iwasalsonotsurprisedthatdespitethesevenorsotrilliondollarsthatwehavespentsince1950onwhatiseuphemisticallycalled'defense'...”尽管自1950年以来,我们在委婉地称为“国防”的项目上花费了大约7万亿美元,这并不令我惊讶。结合上下文可推断,作者在这里其实是采用了反讽的表达技巧,选项中含有贬义的只有D选项,所以正确。
第2题:2.推理判断题。根据关键词“riggedpoll”定位到第四段最后一句“...somanyirrelevantspearcarrierstobehighlytaxed(thoseofuswhoarenotrich)andoccasionallyinvitedtoparticipateintheoddriggedpoll.”这么多无关紧要的长矛携带者(我们这些不富裕的人)要被课以重税,偶尔还会被邀请参加这种奇怪的作弊投票。由此可推断,作者是想提醒读者政治的腐败。选项C正确。
第3题:3.推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“‘Wearegood,’G.W.proclaims,‘Theyareevil,’whichwrapsthatoneupinaneatpackage.”“我们是善良的,”G.W.宣称,“他们是邪恶的。”就好像用一个简洁的包装把它包起来了。潜在意思就是说,Bush在误导大家,并且将问题简单化了,所以选项B正确。
第4题:4.推理判断题。根据关键词“Pentagonjunta”定位到第四段,再根据第四段的描述以及最后几句“Inanycase,neverbeforeinourlonghistoryofundeclared...invitedtoparticipateintheoddriggedpoll.”无论如何,在我们不宣而战的违宪战争的漫长历史上,我们美国人民从未受到如此恶作剧般的蔑视。这么多无关紧要的长矛携带者(我们这些不富裕的人)要被课以重税,偶尔还会被邀请参加这种奇怪的作弊投票。由此可知,作者认为五角大楼已经变成了一个民粹主义的政治机器。
第5题:5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容,布什政府的人继续他们对国库的无情掠夺,现在,多亏了Osama,社会保障(一个被认为是不可触及的信托基金),就像LuckyStrikegreen一样,已经进入了一场每月花费30亿美元的战争。他们还允许联邦调查局和中央情报局要么肆意妄为,要么寸步不让,在大众的要求下,留给我们的是第一个“不可或缺的”,也是最后一个全球帝国。就像《绿野仙踪》那样,在希望不被发现的同时,上演着古怪的伪装魔术。由此可知,作者提到了特鲁利、社会保障、联邦调查局和中央情报局,是为了强调美国在所谓的“安全”上花费了大量无益的金钱。选项B正确。
7.写作题
Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.
【答案】ThehistoryofblackliberationmovementsintheUSAcouldbecharacterizedasastruggleoverimagesasmuchasastruggleforrightsandequalaccess.However,thecontroloverimagesmetmanysetbacks:itwasconsiderednotasimportantasequalaccess;thepowertosegregatewasmistakenlybelievedbymanyblacksasthegreatestpoweragainstthem;blackpeoplehavemadefewrevolutionaryinterventionsinit;racialdesegregationpartlyledmanyblackpeopletobelessattentivetoit;nationalistblackfreedommovementsoftenonlycaredaboutquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction.
8.单选题
Aconditionisanessentialtermofthecontract.Ifacontractisnotperformed,itmayconstituteasubstantialbreachofcontractandallowtheotherpartyto(
)thecontract,thatis,treatthecontractasdischargedorterminated.
问题1选项
A.repudiate
B.spurn
C.decline
D.halt
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项repudiate“拒绝,拒不履行(法律);否定”;B选项spurn“摈弃;藐视”;C选项decline“谢绝;下降;衰落”;D选项halt“停止;踌躇”。句意:条件是合同的一个重要条款。如果合同不履行,就可能构成对合同的实质性违约,并允许另一方……合同,即将合同视为解除或终止。因此A选项符合题意。
9.单选题
Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Those(1)withwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappily
(2)
theyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewas
(3)
togetout.
Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregathering
(4)
possiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticeto
(5)
landowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequired
(6)
andpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.
Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Only(7)
werebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeen
(8)
.
ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundays
(9)
gotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGod
(10)
.
Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedto
(11)
thegoodmemories
(12)
Clanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecityclosedit
(13)
admitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches—Baptist,Methodist,andPresbyterian—facingeachother
(14)
theintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeples
(15)
height.Theywereemptynow,butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.
Thesquarewasas
(16)
asthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathad
(17)
somanysmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdowntownmerchants,andtherewasn'tasingleemptyorboarded-upbuildingaroundthesquare—nosmallmiracle.Theretailshopsweremixedinwiththebanksandlawofficesandcafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.
Heinched
(18)
thecemeteryandsurveyedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart,wherethetombstonesweregrander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonumentsfortheirdead.Rayhadalways
(19)
thatthefamilymoneyhe'dneverseenmusthavebeenburiedinthosegraves.Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.ShewasburiedamongtheAtlees,atthefaredgeofthefamilyplotbecauseshehadbarelybelonged.
Soon,inlessthananhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather'sstudy,sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,many
(20)
anddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.
Movingagain,Raypassedthewatertowerhe'dclimbedtwice,thesecondtimewiththepolicewaitingbelow.Hegrimacedathisoldhighschool,aplacehe'dnevervisitedsincehe'dleftit.BehinditwasthefootballfieldwherehisbrotherForresthadrompedoveropponentsandalmostbecamefamousbeforegettingbouncedofftheteam.
Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.
问题1选项
A.praised
B.celebrated
C.blessed
D.inherited
问题2选项
A.rollback
B.driveback
C.goback
D.thinkover
问题3选项
A.excited
B.hilarious
C.numb
D.anxious
问题4选项
A.aslooselyas
B.astightlyas
C.asfirmlyas
D.asfreelyas
问题5选项
A.adjoining
B.hostile
C.craven
D.friendly
问题6选项
A.documents
B.ratification
C.approvals
D.testimony
问题7选项
A.alot
B.few
C.alittle
D.afew
问题8选项
A.abandoned
B.lost
C.shattered
D.shunned
问题9选项
A.but
B.except
C.besides
D.ratherthan
问题10选项
A.intends
B.wasintending
C.intend
D.intended
问题11选项
A.dwell
B.dwellon
C.mullover
D.sleepon
问题12选项
A.at
B.in
C.of
D.about
问题13选项
A.insteadof
B.ratherthan
C.instead
D.inorderto
问题14选项
A.with
B.over
C.at
D.beyond
问题15选项
A.enjoying
B.lookingover
C.competingfor
D.competingto
问题16选项
A.lifeless
B.boring
C.null
D.tedious
问题17选项
A.wipedup
B.wipedaway
C.wipeddown
D.wipedout
问题18选项
A.to
B.at
C.into
D.through
问题19选项
A.assumed
B.presumed
C.alluded
D.deluded
问题20选项
A.declarations
B.decrees
C.depositions
D.declinations
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
第6题:C
第7题:D
第8题:A
第9题:B
第10题:D
第11题:B
第12题:B
第13题:B
第14题:C
第15题:C
第16题:A
第17题:D
第18题:D
第19题:A
第20题:B
【解析】第1题:(1)考查动词辨析。空格处表示“那些······幸福童年的人行驶在家乡的街道上会······”。A选项praise“赞扬”,无法与后面“幸福童年搭配”;B选项celebrate“庆祝”,同样与文义不符合;D选项inherit“继承”,童年是无法从他人处继承而来的。而C选项bless虽然本义表示“祝福”,但blesssomeonewith表示“(上帝或神力)赋予”,此处表示“那些被赋予幸福童年的人······”,因此C选项符合题意。
第2题:(2)考查固定搭配。接上题,本句表示“那些被赋予幸福童年的人行驶在家乡的街道上会高兴地······那些年代”,由句意推测可知这是拥有幸福童年的人在成年之后返回家乡的心境。A选项rollbacktheyears表示“令人忆起往事”,符合句意。
第3题:(3)考查上下文语义。前两句说到两类人,一类是有着幸福童年,很乐意回家乡的人;另一类是迫于责任,回家乡后又尽快离开的人。本句说到主人公RayAtlee,由最后一个动词短语getout可知是属于后者,因此他的心情也就不难猜测了。A选项excited“激动的”;B选项hilarious“欢闹的;喜不自禁的”;C选项numb“麻木的”;D选项anxious“急切的”。接上述句意可知,此处RayAtlee应是急切的想要离开,因此D选项正确。
第4题:(4)考查上下文语义。此处说到“高速两旁廉价的金属建筑和移动房屋聚集,极为引人注目”。此处需要选择一个副词修饰gathering的形态。空格前是gathering“聚集”,后面是possible,结合选项可知此处是gatheringas…aspossible“尽可能······聚集着”。A选项中loosely“宽松地”,显然不符合“聚集”这一语义;C选项中的firmly“坚固地”,聚集在一起的是高速路旁的房屋,并没提及是否坚固的问题;D选项中freely“自由地”也不符合“聚集”这一语义。而B选项中tightly“紧紧地”,表示“高速路旁的房屋尽可能紧地聚集在一起”,符合语义。因此B选项正确。
第5题:(5)考查上下文语义。上一句说到“这个城镇没有分区”。本句详细讲述到“一个土地拥有者可以随意搭建任何建筑”,后半部分连接几个“no…”再三强调随意性,空格部分句意:不需要许可、监督也不用告知……土地拥有者们。A选项adjoining“领接的;毗连的”;B选项hostile“敌对的”;C选项craven“畏缩的;怯懦的”;D选项friendly“友好的”。前后并未提及土地拥有者们互相间的关系,因此此处只是单纯表述“无需告知相邻的土地拥有者即可随意搭建任何建筑”,A选项符合题意。
第6题:(6)考查名词辨析。本句句意“只有饲养场和核反应堆需要取得······和文书”。前面说到,一般土地拥有者不需要许可和监督就能随意搭建建筑,此句说到的是例外情况。A选项document“文件”;B选项ratification“批准;承认”,出现于正式条约或书面协定;C选项approval“批准;同意”;D选项testimony“证词;证据”。结合句意及选项可知C选项正确。
第7题:(7)考查代词用法。空格处词语用来指代房屋。前面说到,大部分房屋都还是有人居住,本句以only修饰,是说明只有一小部分房屋未被好好照看。房屋house是可数名词,此处也不表示否定意义,因此用D选项afew指代。
第8题:(8)考查动词辨析。接上文,这里说的ahandful“一小撮”依然是指房屋,前面说到一小部分房屋未被好好照看,因此这里说的一小撮房屋就是另一种结果了。A选项abandon“遗弃”;B选项lose“遗失”;C选项shatter“粉碎”;D选项shun“避开”。结合文意来看,房屋可能会遇上的另一结果就是“被遗弃”,因此A选项符合题意。
第9题:(9)考查近义词辨析。本段说到,这个地区笃信《圣经》,因此周日被视为休息日,人们除了去做礼拜、闲坐或拜访邻居等,其他事情很少做。周日肯定要去教堂做礼拜。A选项but虽然可表示“除了······之外,没有······”,但此时一般用于all、every、no等词后面,一般不会出现在little后面;B选项except表示“除了······之外,没有······”,符合句意要求;C选项besides通常表示除了A之外还有B,但前面已经有否定词little,不符合besides的用法;D选项ratherthan表示肯定A否定B,本句中显然是否定前者,肯定后者(gotochurch等行为)。因此B选项正确。
第10题:(10)考查动词用法。空格处填入的是intend的变形。theway后面是一个定语从句,结构就是God+intend。此处表示前面的“做礼拜、闲坐、拜访邻居等行为都是按上帝的旨意做的,而前面说到信仰《圣经》时使用的是一般过去时,因此本句也应保持一致,并且句中并未强调是正在进行的动作,因此此处应选择D选项intended。
第11题:(11)考查动词辨析。空格后面是goodmemories,前面是动词不定式符号to,此处应填能与memories搭配的动词。A选项dwell“居住”;B选项dwellon“细想”;C选项mullover“仔细考虑”;D选项sleepon“留下;留待第二天解决”。能与“记忆、回忆”相搭配的只有B选项dwellon。
第12题:(12)考查上下文语义。空格前是memories,后面是Clanton(Ray的家乡),并且在下文,详细描述了主人公在几个地点的美好回忆,所以这里是讲述他在家乡的一些美好回忆,而并非关于整个Clanton的美好回忆,因此B选项in符合题意。
第13题:(13)考查近义词辨析。本句句意:他每年夏天都在这里游泳,除了1969年,那年市里······允许黑人孩子进入而关闭了它。“关闭游泳馆”与“允许黑人孩子进入”两个动作之间必然是相对立的,而这城市选择了前者。A选项insteadof“而不是”,后面不接动词原形;B选项ratherthan“宁可······也不愿”,后面可接动词原形,符合文意;C选项instead“代替”,一般位于句尾;D选项inorderto“为了······”,与句意相反。因此B选项正确。
第14题:(14)考查介词用法。空格前是facingeachother“面对面”,空格后是一个地点“theintersection(交叉路口)ofSecondandElm”,可知此处应填入表示地点的介词。而交叉路口相对来说是小地点,因此C选项at正确。
第15题:(15)考查动词辨析。空格前的their指代前面的thechurches。A选项enjoy“欣赏”;B选项lookover“检查”;C选项competefor“角逐;为······比赛”;D选项competeto“争取”。结合前面说到,这些教堂在路口面对面矗立着,自然theirsteeples“它们的尖顶”会出现高低不等的情况,比着哪个更高(height)。因此C选项符合题意。
第16题:(16)考查上下文语义。本段是以主人公的视角描写的。本段到了thesquare,主人公沿着thestreets走过来,上一段最后说到这些街道在当时是empty“空的”,而本句说到:广场和街道一样······。可知空格处词语应接近“empty”。A选项lifeless“毫无生机的;死气沉沉的”;B选项boring“无聊的;令人厌烦的”;C选项null“无效的;无价值的”;D选项tedious“沉闷的;单调乏味的”。本句只是单纯说广场的无人走动,并未说到主人公的心理感受,因此A选项lifeless符合题意。
第17题:(17)考查动词短语辨析。空格处词语处于that引导的定语从句中,用来修饰前面的thediscountstores“折扣店”,后面的名词是smalltowns“许多小镇”。A选项wipeup“擦干净”,B选项wipeaway“擦去”,C选项wipedown“把······上下擦干净”,这三个选项都是纯粹表示“擦”这一动作。而D选项wipeout本义表示“消灭;彻底摧毁”,在这里使用了夸张的手法,表示那些折扣店风靡许多小城镇。因此D选项正确。
第18题:(18)考查介词辨析。由选项可知此处需要选择合适的介词。本句有两个并列动词“inch”和“survey”,可知Ray是在cemetery“公墓”中穿梭着查找自己家族墓地。因此此处介词应选用through。
第19题:(19)考查动词辨析。本句说到“Ray总是……他从未见过的家族财产一定埋在那些坟墓里”。由句意可知,那些“家族财产”他从未见过,因此本句中的宾语从句部分只是他的推测。A选项assume“假设”,特指武断的假设;B选项presume“推测”,强调有一定根据;C选项allude“暗指”;D选项delude“欺骗;诱惑”。综合句意可知,Ray并没有根据,因此A选项符合题意。
第20题:(20)考查名词辨析。本句说到“他将会收到许多指令、······和指导。因为他的父亲(曾经是一名法官)是一位重要人物,非常在意自己如何被纪念。”A选项declaration“宣布”;B选项decree“命令;判决”;C选项deposition“沉积物;证词”;D选项declination“倾斜;衰微”。空格处词语与“指令”、“指导”并列,因此必然也表示相近含义,B选项正符合要求。
10.单选题
32.Seniorstypicallyexhibitgreater[A]experience-basedknowledge,increasedaccuracy,betterjudgment,andgenerally[B]improvedabilitytohandlefamiliartasksthanyoungerpersons.Suchappliedknowledge,orwisdom,mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportantto[C]one’sabilitytoaccomplishmosttasksofday-to-daylifethan[D]dotheabstractabilitiestappedbyintelligencetests.
问题1选项
A.experience-basedknowledge
B.improvedability
C.one’sability
D.dotheabstractabilities
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句用法。D选项前有than,说明这是比较状语从句,前面的mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportant是另一比较部分,其中谓语动词是be,因此为保持一致,than后的部分倒装形式的从句中谓语动词也是be动词,由于主语是abilities,因此把do改为are即可。
11.单选题
Webeginbyconsideringthreepolicies—whatwemightcallidealtypesinreversethatnearlyallAmericanswouldrightfullyfindunacceptablefordifferentreasons:understandingwhythesepoliciesareunacceptablecanperhapsguideusasweseektodiscernthemostresponsibleand(
)policy.
问题1选项
A.negligent
B.middle-of-the-road
C.give-and-take
D.prudent
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligent“疏忽的;粗心大意的”;B选项middle-of-the-road“中庸的;走中间线路的”;C选项give-and-take“妥协的;互让的”;D选项prudent“谨慎的;精明的;明智的”。句意:我们首先考虑三种我们可以称之为理想类型的政策。反过来,几乎所有的美国人都会因为不同的原因正当地认为这些政策是不可接受的:理解为什么这些政策是不可接受的,或许
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