2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号89

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.（1）

.

AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman'sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber'sshop.（2）

.

Thebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.

Theywereevidentlyveryhappy."Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?"heasked,smilingwithdelight.

"No,"sheanswered;"Ineverwas.It'sfine,ain'tit?"

"Great!Andthenafterawhilewe'llgoforwardtothedinner,andgetabiglay-out.Freshmealintheworld.Chargeadollar."

"Oh,dothey?"criedthebride."Chargeadollar?Why,that'stoomuch—forus—ain'tit,Jack?"

"Northistrip,anyhow,"heansweredbravely."We'regoingtogothewholething."

Laterheexplainedtoheraboutthetrains."Yousee,it'sathousandmilesfromoneendofTexastotheother;andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthedazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.Atoneendabronzefiguresturdilyheldasupportforaseparatedchamber,andatconvenientplacesontheceilingwerefrescosinoliveandsilver.

Tothemindsofthepair,theirsurroundingsreflectedthegloryoftheirmarriagethatmorninginSanAntonio;thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman'sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehimappearridiculoustotheNegroporter.Thisindividualattimessurveyedthemfromafarwithanamusedandsuperiorgrin.Onotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwaysthatdidnotmakeitexactlyplaintothemthattheywerebeingbullied.Hesubtlyusedallthemannersofthemostunconquerablekindofsnobbery.Heoppressedthem.Butofthisoppressiontheyhadsmallknowledge,andtheyspeedilyforgotthatinfrequentlyanumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.（3）

.

"WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42,"hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.

"Oh,arewe?"shesaid,asifshehadnotbeenawareofit.Toevincesurpriseatherhusband'sstatementwaspartofherwifelyamiability.Shetookfromapocketalittlesilverwatch;andasshehelditbeforeher,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband'sfaceshone.

"IboughtitinSanAnton'fromafriendofmine,"hetoldhergleefully.

"It'sseventeenminutespasttwelve,"shesaid,lookingupathimwithakindofshyandclumsycoquetry.（4）

.

Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrancewiththeinterest,andalsotheequanimity,ofmenwhohadbeenforewarned.Thepairfelltothelotofawaiterwhohappenedtofeelpleasureinsteeringthemthroughtheirmeal.Heviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlypilot,hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.

（5）

.

Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.

问题1选项

A.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

B.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

C.Presentlyitwasapparentthat,asthedistancefromYellowSkygrewshorter,thehusbandbecamecommensuratelyrestless.

D.Totheleft,milesdownalongpurpleslope,wasalittleribbonofmistwheremovedthekeeningRioGrande.

E.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

F.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

G.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.

问题2选项

A.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

B.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

C.Presentlyitwasapparentthat,asthedistancefromYellowSkygrewshorter,thehusbandbecamecommensuratelyrestless.

D.Totheleft,milesdownalongpurpleslope,wasalittleribbonofmistwheremovedthekeeningRioGrande.

E.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

F.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

G.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.

问题3选项

A.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

B.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

C.Presentlyitwasapparentthat,asthedistancefromYellowSkygrewshorter,thehusbandbecamecommensuratelyrestless.

D.Totheleft,milesdownalongpurpleslope,wasalittleribbonofmistwheremovedthekeeningRioGrande.

E.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

F.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

G.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.

问题4选项

A.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

B.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

C.Presentlyitwasapparentthat,asthedistancefromYellowSkygrewshorter,thehusbandbecamecommensuratelyrestless.

D.Totheleft,milesdownalongpurpleslope,wasalittleribbonofmistwheremovedthekeeningRioGrande.

E.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

F.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

G.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.

问题5选项

A.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

B.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

C.Presentlyitwasapparentthat,asthedistancefromYellowSkygrewshorter,thehusbandbecamecommensuratelyrestless.

D.Totheleft,milesdownalongpurpleslope,wasalittleribbonofmistwheremovedthekeeningRioGrande.

E.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

F.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

G.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.

【答案】第1题:E

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:G

第5题:F

【解析】第1题:1.空格前eastward一词与E选项的east对应，并且空格前整个句子在进行环境和景色的描述，E选项也是，所以E选项正确。

第2题:2.空格所在这一段都是对新郎的描述，A选项也是对新郎的描述，所以符合文意，正确。

第3题:3.试题解析：空格后下文第一句话中的“YellowSky”与C选项的YellowSky”一致，所以C选项正确。

第4题:4.上文一直在描述这一对夫妻之间的对话和表情，并且妻子一直在肯定丈夫的回答，G选项中的“deference顺从”符合上下文语境，正确。

第5题:5.根据空格后下文的“Andyet”以及句意可知，空格句子与下文文意发生了转折，结合下文文意“然而，当他们回到马车上时，脸上却流露出一种逃避的感觉。”，可以确定F选项“从历史上看，他们的处境应该是非常幽默的”正确。

2.单选题

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

问题1选项

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D选项处应表示“产生影响”，impact是可数名词，因此正确用法应为“tomakeanimpact”。

3.单选题

Weareinaglobalhealthcrisis,anditgrowsworsebytheyear,astheWorldHealthOrganizationhaswarnedthatby2030almosthalftheworld'spopulationwillbeoverweightorobeseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Therearealready124millionobesechildren,amorethantenfoldincreaseinfourdecades,andmorethanamillionoftheseliveintheUK,whichhastheworstobesityratesinwesternEurope.Fourinfivewillgrowuptobeobeseadults;andtheleaderoftheUK'spaediatricbodywarnsthatthiswillcostthem10to20yearsofhealthylife.

Thisisasocialproblem,bothincauseandconsequence,asconcurredbySimonStevens,thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservicecomesacrossastheplacard-wieldingstanceofaroadsideprophetofdoom—yetthegovernment'sresponsehasbeenasmodestandinadequateasthesefiguresareshocking.Medicalexpertsdescribeitschildhoodobesitystrategyasweak,embarrassingandeveninsulting.Thoughitinheritedataxonsugarydrinks,itrowedbackfromrestrictionsonprice-cuttingpromotionsandjunkfoodmarketingoradvertising,leavingitsstrategytorelyheavilyonmeasuressuchasschoolactivityprogrammes.

Campaignershadwarnedthatwouldnotbeenough;nowresearchprovestheywereright-evenwhensuchinitiativestacklebothdietandexercise,andmakeeffortstoreachouttofamilies.ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions,ahealthyeatingprogrammeandcookeryworkshopswiththeirparents,allofwhichfailedtohaveanysignificanteffectonchildren'sweight.

Thecausesoftheobesityepidemicaremultipleandcomplex,asthelandmarkForesightreportproducedoveradecadeagounderscored:weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas).TVsandsmartphonesinbedroomsandrelianceoncarsplaytheirpart;sotoodofooddeserts,wherefruitandvegetablesareexpensiveorinaccessible,whichleavesthemoreeconomicallystrappedsectorofthepopulationchoosingtofillahungrychildwithdonutsratherthanapples.

Butonefactorleapsout:greed.TheproblemisnotgluttonybyagenerationofAugustusGloopsbuttheavariceoftheWillyWonkaswhopressjunkfoodonconsumers,thenprofesssurpriseattheresults.Thetacticsofbigfoodare,astheglobalhealthorganisationVitalStrategiespointsoutinitsreportFoolMeTwice,strikinglysimilartothoseofbigtobaccoovertheyears.Butbigfoodhastheadvantagethateveryoneneedstoeat,whilenooneneedstosmoke,andthatabiscuitdoesnotdamagehealthasacigarettedoes,obesitynotwithstanding.Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver—aswellasbeinghabit-forming.

Othercountrieshavebeenfarbolderintacklingtheindustry,insteadofrelyingonvoluntaryaction.InLatinAmerica,governmentshaveforcedcompaniestoremovecartooncharacters-naturallyaninstantappealtoyoungchildren—fromcerealboxes,imposedjunkfoodtaxesandorderedschooltuckshopstoreplacehigh-salt/sugarproductswithfruitandvegetables.Tougherrulesreshapeconsumerperceptionsanddecisionsandindoingso,theycanalsopushcompaniesintochangingproducts.

Abanonjunkfoodadvertisingbeforethe9p.m.watershedislongoverdue.Itshouldbesupplementedbyabanonpromotionsandpricecutsfor“sharing”bagsofchocolates,asActiononSugarurgedlastmonth,andthesugartaxondrinkscouldbeextendedtofoodproducts,withtherevenuechannelledintoinitiativesmakingfreshproducemoreaffordableandattractivetoconsumers.Thegovernment'sfailuretoforcechangemeansthattherestofuswillpaytheprice—inillhealthandhighertaxes—asbigfoodrakesintheprofits.

1.Findingsandstudiesdemonstratethat（

）.

2.Whodoestheauthorbelievetobeprimarilyresponsibleforfailingtostopobesity?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinferredinthepassage

（

）.

4.Which"chainofevents"isindicatedinthepassage?

5.Companypolicytomanufacturefamily-sizepacksofunhealthyfoodwhilestatingthatitistheconsumerwhoisresponsibleforlimitingwhattheyeatisanexampleof（

）.

问题1选项

A.theobesityproblemislargelyaEuropeanone

B.unhealthychildrenhaveunhealthyparents

C.therearemoreobesechildreninlowersocio-economicareas

D.peoplenowaredyingyounger

问题2选项

A.Parents.

B.Advertisers.

C.Government.

D.Manufacturers.

问题3选项

A.therearemoreobesechildrenthanadults

B.obesitywilldrainfundsfromgovernmentresources

C.corporationsdonotcareaboutobesity

D.lackofphysicalactivitycontributestoobesity

问题4选项

A.Newgovernmentlawsconsumersbuydifferentitemsmanufacturerschangeproducts.

B.Manufacturersincreasesugarcontentmorechildrenbuyproductslifespanisshortened.

C.Regularexerciseprogramlearningtocookownfoodreductioninobesity.

D.Televisionadvertisingisregulatedmanufacturersloserevenueproductcostsdecrease.

问题5选项

A.analogy

B.rhetoric

C.hypocrisy

D.sophistry

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。文章第四段第二句提到weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas)贫困地区的肥胖人数是富裕地区的两倍，选项C“经济不发达地区的肥胖人数更多”符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到其他国家的政府采取措施强制广告商、生产商对那些容易发胖的食物进行改良，比如拉美的一些国家。文章最后一段提到，如果政府不采取措施制止，最后买单的还是民众。由此可知，之所以在阻止肥胖上没有成功，是政府没有采取相应的措施。选项C符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。文章第二段第一句话提到thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservice肥胖问题会使得医疗服务破产，因此选项B可以排除；文章第五段提到一些食品公司用各种手段吸引消费者，并没有考虑食物是否会导致他们肥胖，因此选项C可以排除；文章第三段提到ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions学校为学生们增加了一年的体育锻炼课程，说明缺乏运动也是导致肥胖的一个原因，因此选项D可以排除。综上，选项A符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到禁止在早上九点之前播放垃圾食品广告这个方法已经过时，而是应该对那些含糖分高的垃圾食品从推广到税收都采取相关措施。如果政府在这些方面无法调控的话，最终买单的是民众——健康受损，税也要纳更多。选项A“新政策实施；消费者购买东西的种类增加；生产商改变生产”符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第五段后半部分提到那些食品公司一方面说食物摄取的多少看个人自律程度，另一方面又将包装家庭分量的食物卖给个人，也不管这些食物是高盐，高糖分（Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver-aswellasbeinghabit-forming）。由此可知，这是在诡辩。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Hedoesn’tknowmuchaboutpolitics,buthe’salwaysshootingoffhismouthabouthowgoodheis.Heissomewhatofa/an（

）.

问题1选项

A.dogmatist

B.adventurer

C.braggart

D.humbler

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。他多少是个……。C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

oncerningspeculation,philosophylooksuponthingsfromthebroadestpossibleperspective;forcriticism,ithasthetwofoldroleofquestioningandjudgingeverythingthatpertainseithertothefoundationsortothesuperstructureofhumanthinking.

问题1选项

A.inebriates

B.forsakes

C.relates

D.emaciates

【答案】C

【解析】Pertain作为后半句的定语从句中的谓语动词，后面有to与之相搭配。选项中常与to搭配的只有relate。A选项inebriate“灌醉，使陶醉”；B选项forsake“放弃，断念”；C选项relate“有联系，涉及”；D选项emaciate“使消瘦”。从句意上来说，也只有C选项relate相符合。

6.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.当然，他们找不到哪怕一点证据表明以上的伤害与失去政府援助给穷人造成的伤害有任何可比性。

2.第三个，也是与此密切相关的，旨在减轻我们对穷人的责任的设计，是公共援助措施对激励产生不利影响的论点。

3.您真的相信我们这个时代的大人物们，比如说公司的法人或者总经理，会因为赚的少而整日游手好闲，不思工作吗？这是对美国商人，特别是努力工作的商人们的诽谤。信念可以是真理的仆从，也可以是便利的仆从。

4.无可争辩的是，没有任何一种对人的压迫和对思想努力的束缚更甚于来自身无分文的压迫和束缚。

5.我们常听到当富人抱怨他们的自由因征税导致收入减少而受限，却不曾听到因为得到可花之钱而显著提高了穷人的自由的消息。

7.单选题

Productionworkersmustbeabletodostatisticalqualitycontrol.Productionworkersmustbeabletodojust-in-timeinventories.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma"don'tthink,dowhatyouaretold"toa"think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo"styleofmanagement.

Thisshiftoccursnotbecausetoday'smanagersaremore（1）thanyesterday'smanagers,butbecausetheevidenceismountingthatthesecondstyleofmanagementismore

（2）thanthefirststyleofmanagement.Butthismeansthatproblemsoftrainingandmotivatingtheworkforcebothbecomemorecentralandrequiredifferentmodelsofbehavior.

Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow'smanagerswillhavetohavestrongbackgroundinorganizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlabor

（3）.TheMITSloanSchoolofquicklymanagementattemptsto

（4）ourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquicklybringthe（5）ofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation.

ThefirstthreedecadesafterWorldWarIIwere

（6）in

（7）theUnitedStateshadahugetechnologicallead

（8）alltherestintheworld.Inaveryrealsense,

（9）technologicalcompetitive.Americanfirmsdidnothavetoworryabouttheirtechnologicalcompetitivenessbecausetheywere

（10）.

Butthatworldhasdisappeared.TodayweliveinaworldwhereAmericanfirms（11）haveautomatictechnological

（12）.Insomeareastheyarestillahead,insomeareastheyare（13）,andinsomeareastheyarebehind,butonaverage,theyareaverage.

（14）thismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangeinways

（15）werenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthatitisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitorsiftheyunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.

Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologically

（16）（17）

theirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon'thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,（18）theyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennotbetonnewtechnologies.Ifthey

（19）whatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,they（20）tomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

问题1选项

A.enlightened

B.enlightening

C.enlightenment

D.enlighten

问题2选项

A.sterile

B.producing

C.productive

D.extravagant

问题3选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economies

问题4选项

A.take

B.arouse

C.rise

D.advance

问题5选项

A.results

B.evidence

C.content

D.fruits

问题6选项

A.usual

B.flawed

C.unusual

D.unessential

问题7选项

A.which

B./

C.that

D.those

问题8选项

A.by

B.over

C.on

D.upon

问题9选项

A.wastheworldnot

B.theworldwasnot

C.didtheworldbenot

D.wasnottheworld

问题10选项

A.superior

B.super

C.inferior

D.junior

问题11选项

A.still

B.even

C.neither

D.nolonger

问题12选项

A.superiority

B.inferiority

C.majority

D.minority

问题13选项

A.common

B.average

C.ignorant

D.exceptional

问题14选项

A.How

B.That

C.What

D.Which

问题15选项

A.that

B.they

C.those

D.who

问题16选项

A.illiterate

B.sophisticated

C.literate

D.omniscient

问题17选项

A.regardless

B.inspiteof

C.despite

D.regardlessof

问题18选项

A.and

B.likewise

C.furthermore

D.but

问题19选项

A.didn'tunderstand

B.don'tunderstand

C.haven'tunderstood

D.hadn'tunderstood

问题20选项

A.failed

B.wouldhavefailed

C.wouldfail

D.wouldbefailed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:A

第16题:A

第17题:D

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】第1题:（1）考查形近词辨析。由选项可知此题考查的是enlighten“启发；启蒙”在具体语境中的变形。空格前是more，后面是than，可知此处需要填入一个形容词来构成形容词比较级。再看句中前后的比较对象是“today’smanagers现在的管理者”和“yesterday’smanagers以前的管理者”，因此空格处的形容词需要用来修饰“人”的特性。A选项enlightened“开明的；有觉悟的”，形容人；B选项enlightening“使人领悟的；有启发作用的”，形容事物；C选项enlightenment“启迪；启蒙运动”，名词；D选项enlighten“启发；启蒙”，动词。综合选项分析可知A选项符合题意。

第2题:（2）考查形容词辨析。空格前后照样是more和than，表明此处应填形容词。前一个比较对象是“thesecondstyleofmanagement第二种管理方式”，是指第一段第三句中的“‘think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo’styleofmanagement‘请思考，我不会告诉你做什么’的管理风格”；后一个比较对象是“thefirststyleofmanagement第一种管理方式”，是指第一段第三句中的“‘don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold’styleofmanagement‘不要思考，别人叫你做什么你就做什么’的管理方式”。根据常识判断，对于公司或企业来说，管理方式对公司产出影响非常重大。A选项sterile“不育的；无菌的；枯燥乏味的”；B选项producing“生产的”；C选项productive“多产的；富有成效的”；D选项extravagant“奢侈的；浪费的”。综合句意和选项可知，好的管理方式应该是让公司更加“多产”。因此C选项符合题意。

第3题:（3）考查名词辨析。由选项可知本题考查economy及同根词的辨析。本句表示：要想控制这种局面，未来的管理者必须具备很强的组织心理学背景、人际关系背景和劳动······背景。A选项economics“经济学”；B选项economic“经济的；经济学的”；C选项economy“经济”；D选项economies“节约；经济（economy的复数）”。C和D选项指的是广义上的“经济”，而本句中说的是未来管理者应具备的素质，要有组织心理学储备，要有人际关系背景，自然空格处应表示laboreconomics“劳动经济学”这一知识储备更合适。因此A选项正确。

第4题:（4）考查动词辨析。由四个选项及空格前的attemptsto可知空格处应填入动词。逻辑主语是“TheMITSloanSchoolofquicklymanagement麻省理工斯隆快速管理学院”，宾语是“ourunderstandingintheseareas我们在这些领域的理解”。A选项take“拿；获得”；B选项arouse“引起；唤起；鼓励”；C选项rise“攀升”，作动词使用时一般为不及物动词；D选项advance“提出；预付；将······提前”。文中表示，斯隆学院试图通过研究来······我们在这些领域的理解。综合选项与句意可知B选项arouse“唤起”符合句意。

第5题:（5）考查名词辨析。空格前是定冠词the，后面是所有格ofthisnewresearch，并且有定冠词the表示特指，因此空格处词语指代前面提到的麻省理工斯隆快速管理学院做的研究发现。A选项result“结果”；B选项evidence“证据”；C选项content“内容”；D选项fruits一词以复数形式出现时表示“水果种类；成果；收益”。本句表示，麻省理工斯隆快速管理学院在做了上述研究后，迅速把研究发现带给学生，在涉及人性的一方面时，以便使学生成为引领前沿的管理者。句意说明这项研究的发现是会给学生带来好处的，因此理解为“研究成果”而不是简单的“研究结果”更合适。因此D选项符合题意。

第6题:（6）考查形容词辨析。本句出现了两个谓语动词（were和had）且没有并列连词，因此此句为复合句。第一个主谓结构“Thefirstthreedecades…were…”前面没有关系词，可知为主句。后面从句由in+关系词+theUnitedStateshad…，修饰主句的主语中心词thethreedecades。本句大意：二战后的第一个三十年……，在此期间，美国在技术上领先于世界其他国家。A选项usual“平常的；惯例的”；B选项flawed“有缺陷的；有裂纹的”；C选项unusual“不寻常的”；D选项unessential“非本质的；不重要的”。由后半句判断，这个三十年里，美国技术有飞跃性进展并且领先于世界其他国家，因此这三十年必然“不同寻常”，因此C选项符合题意。

第7题:（7）考查状语从句用法。本句存在两个完整句子结构，结合选项可知为主从复合句。前一句表示“二战后的第一个三十年不同寻常”，后一句说到“美国在技术上领先于世界其他国家”。空格前有介词in，inwhich用来引导定语从句，本句前面并没有名词或名词短语，不存在修饰情况；inthat在状语从句中可引导原因状语从句，结合句意理解“因为美国在技术上领先于世界其他国家，所以二战后的第一个三十年不同寻常”，语义逻辑完整，因此C选项正确。

第8题:（8）考查固定搭配。本句表示美国的技术在全世界处于领先地位，而havealeadover正表示“领先”的含义，因此B选项符合题意。

第9题:（9）考查倒装句用法。空格前虽是介词短语inaveryrealsense“实际上”作状语，但空格后是形容词作表语而不是名词作主语，因此本句并不构成倒装。空格处填入正常语序的主谓结构即可。B选项正确。

第10题:（10）考查上下文语义。本段第一句说到：美国在第一个三十年内，技术领先于世界其他国家。说明在这一段时间内美国比其他国家都要更优秀。因此本句句意：美国公司不必担心自己的竞争优势是因为美国处于优势地位。A选项superior符合题意。

第11题:（11）考查上下文语义。本段开头有转折连词but，说明文意发生了转折。上文说的是美国技术在全世界处领先地位，下文说到“Butthatworldhasdisappeared”，但那个世界已经消失了，也就是美国技术至少不再领先世界所有国家了。本句句意：今天我们生活在一个美国公司……拥有……的世界里。A选项still“仍然”；B选项even“甚至”；C选项neither“也不”；D选项nolonger“不再”。结合上述分析可知D选项正确。

第12题:（12）考查上下文语义。接上题（11题）分析，转折前，美国的技术优先于（superior）所有其他国家，转折后，本句表示美国不再拥有自动化技术（automatictechnological）的……。A选项superiority“优越性；优势”；B选项inferiority“次等；自卑感”；C选项majority“多数”；D选项minority“少数派”。结合上述分析可