2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号51

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

问题1选项

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：开车越小心就越好。B选项cannottoo加形容词“越……越好”，其余选项非固定搭配且不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury______.

问题1选项

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。Itisnotuntil…that…“直到……才”，所以C选项“thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained”符合题意。句意：这些早期的钟通过砝码运行，并不是特别准确，直到16世纪才准确。其余选项不符合语法，故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

问题1选项

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项segregation“分离”；B选项specification“规格；详述”；C选项spectrum“光谱；频谱；范围；余象”；D选项subscription“捐献；订阅；订金”。句意：天才儿童将根据他们的学习成绩于下周开始______。根据语境，这里应该指将学生进行分班，A选项segregation“分离”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

问题1选项

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：太阳不仅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由气体物质组成。根据题目和选项确定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒装，notonly放在句首的倒装结构为notonly+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他，C选项isthesun选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Onedayin2008ananonymousTwitteruserpostedamessage:“Iamcertainlynotbored,waybusy!feelgreat!”Thatisallwellandgood,onemightthink,bututterlyuninterestingtoanyonebesidestheauthorand,perhaps,afewfriends.Notso,accordingtoJohnBollen,ofIndianaUniversityBloomington,whocollectedthetweet,alongwithplentyofotherssentthatday.Allwereratedforemotionalcontent.Manyprovedsimilarlychirpy,scoringhighonconfidence,energyandhappiness.Indeed,Dr.Bollenreckons,onthedaythetweetwasposted,America’scollectivemoodperkedupanotch.Whenheandhisteamexaminedallthedatafortheautumnandwinterof2008,theyfoundthatTwitterusers’collectivemoodswingscoincidedwithnationalevents.HappinessshotuparoundThanksgiving,forexample.

Theideaoftappingweb-baseddatatobuildareal-timemeasureofusers’emotionsandpreferenceisnotnew.Noristhatofusingtheresultstopredicttheirbehavior.Interestininternetforecastingwassparkedbyapaperpublishedin2009byHalVarian,Google’schiefeconomist.HefoundthatthepeaksandtroughsinthevolumeofGooglesearchesforcertainproducts,suchascarsandholidays,precededfluctuationsinsalesofthoseproducts.Otherresearchershaveshownthatsearchesforjob-relatedtermsareagoodpredictorofunemploymentratesandthatmentionsofpoliticalcandidatesonTwittercorrelatewithelectoraloutcomes.

Dr.Bollenspottedanothercuriouscorrelation.WhenhecomparedtrendsinthenationalmoodwithmovementsoftheDowJonesIndustrialAverage(DJIA)henoticedthatchangesinoneofthemoodmeasure’ssevencomponents,anxiety,predictedswingsintheshare-priceindex.Spikesinanxietylevelswerefollowed,aroundthreedayslater,bydipsinthepriceofshares.Whyhishappensremainsunclear,butonepossibleexplanationisthatthefallingpriceswerecausedbytraders’tendencytoexitriskypositionswhenfeelingstrungup.

Dr.Bollen’salgorithm,whichhedescribedinapaperpublishedinFebruaryintheJournalofComputationalScience,hasbeenlicensedtoDerwentCapitalMarkets,ahedgefundbasedinLondon.Derwentwilluseittohelpguidetheinvestmentsmadewitha£25m($41m)fundthatthefirmhopestolaunchinthenextfewmonths.Otherfundsarerumouredtobeusingsimilartricksalready.

Allsuchinitiativesfaceaproblem,though.Humansexcelatextractingmeaningandsentimentfromeventhetiniestsnippetsoftext,ataskthatstumpsmachines.Toacomputer,atweetthatreads“Feelingjoyfulaftermytriptothedentist.Yeah,really”saysthattheauthorhasbeentothedentistandisnowhappy.Researchershaverecentlymadestridesinteachingmachinestorecognizesuchsarcasm,aswellasdoublemeaningsofculturalreferences.

16.WecaninferfromParagraph1that________.

17.BymentioningHalVarian,theauthorintendstostatethat________.

18.Share-pricegoesdownprobablybecauseof________.

19.Theunderlinedword“stump”refersto________.

20.Whatdoesthequotedcontentofthelastparagraphmeans?

问题1选项

A.Dr.Bollenhasexaminedalltheinternetdataof2008todothisresearch

B.tweetsofonepersonistotallyboring,eventohis/herfriends

C.oneTweeteruser’sfeelingcannotrepresentAmerica’scollectivemood

D.Tweeteruser’smoodinthesecondhalfof2008accordedwiththecountry’sevents

问题2选项

A.hisfindinghasarousedthinkingandresearchonpredictionsbasedonInternetdata

B.hisfindinghaspredictedtheincreaseofunemploymentrate

C.hisfindinghasforecastthepricefluctuationofcertainproducts

D.hisfindinghasbeenhighlyvaluedbybeingpublishedonnewspaper

问题3选项

A.thehedgefunds’trickshavingbeenrevealed

B.people’sconcernaboutpoliticalelection

C.experts’predictionofswingsintheindex

D.people’stendencytoretreatinvestmentwhenanxious

问题4选项

A.need

B.puzzle

C.surpass

D.redefine

问题5选项

A.Thealgorithmofcomputersguidedsomefondcompanies’investment.

B.Machinescannottellthehiddenmeaningofpeople’swords.

C.Theslangaboutdentistconfusescomputers.

D.Peoplearegoodataanalyzingthemeaningandmoodofatext.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】16.事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句Whenheandhisteamexaminedallthedatafortheautumnandwinterof2008,theyfoundthatTwitterusers’collectivemoodswingscoincidedwithnationalevents.（他和他的团队检查了2008年秋冬的所有数据后，发现推特用户的集体情绪波动与国家事件相一致。），可知D选项“推特用户在2008年下半年的情绪与国家的事件相符”正确；查阅的是2008年秋冬的数据，故A选项“为了做这项研究，博伦博士查阅了2008年所有的互联网数据”错误；一个推特用户是集体的体现，而集体情绪与国家事件相符合，所以一个推特用户可以代表国家的集体情绪，故C选项“一个推特用户的感受不能代表美国的集体情绪”错误。B选项“对用户和他的朋友来说，推特非常无聊”：根据第一段第二句Thatisallwellandgood,onemightthink,bututterlyuninterestingtoanyonebesidestheauthorand,perhaps,afewfriends.（人们可能会认为，这一切都很好，但除了作者本人，或许还有他的几个朋友之外，其他任何人都不会感兴趣。），可知对于推特用户和他朋友来说，推特不无聊，故错误。因此D选项正确。

17.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句Interestininternetforecastingwassparkedbyapaperpublishedin2009byHalVarian,Google’schiefeconomist.（谷歌首席经济学家哈尔•瓦里安2009年发表的一篇论文激发了人们对互联网预测的兴趣。），可知作者想要表达A选项“他的发现引起了对基于互联网数据的预测的思考和研究”，所以A选项正确。B选项“他的发现预测了失业率的上升”和C选项“他的发现预测了某些产品的价格波动”：是研究结果的一部分内容，不是作者的意图，故错误。D选项“他的发现被刊登在报纸上，受到高度评价”：文章没有提到人们对此的评价，故错误。因此A选项正确。

18.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句butonepossibleexplanationisthatthefallingpriceswerecausedbytraders’tendencytoexitriskypositionswhenfeelingstrungup.（但有可能价格下跌是由于交易员在感到紧张时倾向于退出风险。），可知股价下跌可能是因为D选项“人们在焦虑时倾向于撤回投资”，所以D选项正确。A选项“对冲基金的把戏已经被揭露了”和C选项“专家对指数波动的预测”：文章没有提到对冲基金和专家，故错误。B选项“人们对政治选举的关注”：文章没有提到政治和股票的关系，故错误。因此D选项正确。

19.语义推测题。stump意思为把……难住，A选项“需要”，B选项“使……为难”，C选项“超越”，D选项“重新定义”。根据第五段第二句Humansexcelatextractingmeaningandsentimentfromeventhetiniestsnippetsoftext,ataskthatstumpsmachines.（人类擅长从哪怕是最微小的文本片段中提取意义和情感，这是机器无法完成的任务。），根据语境，人类可以知道文本的意义与情感，推测stump代表机器不能做到，因此B选项“使……为难”正确。

20.推理判断题。根据第五段第二句Humansexcelatextractingmeaningandsentimentfromeventhetiniestsnippetsoftext,ataskthatstumpsmachines.（人类擅长从哪怕是最微小的文本片段中提取意义和情感，这是机器无法完成的任务。），然后作者举出机器如何识别文本的内涵证明这个观点，所以B选项“机器不能辨别人的话语中隐藏的意思”正确，C选项“关于牙医的俚语使电脑困惑”和D选项“人们善于分析文章的意思和语气”不是这里的重点，故错误。A选项“计算机算法引导了一些基金公司的投资”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.

问题1选项

A.bellicose

B.exhausted

C.cautious

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项bellicose“好战的”；B选项exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年来，美国食品药品监督管理局对所谓的神药的态度开始特别谨慎。根据语境，C选项cautious“谨慎的”比较符合对miracledrugs“神药”的态度，和wary“谨慎的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项onthegroundof“因为”；B选项onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C选项inthelightof“鉴于”；D选项onthevergeof“接近于，濒临于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会已______处于解体。根据语境，这里指奴隶社会快要解体了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，濒临于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

______wasnotourconcern.

问题1选项

A.Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination

B.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot

C.Thoughhemightpasstheexamination

D.Whilehepassedtheexamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他考试及格与否不关我们的事。横线部分为主语从句。B选项Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot中whether…ornot“无论，是否”，符合题意。A选项Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination去掉might选项符合语法，翻译成：无论他怎样通过考试。C选项Thoughhemightpasstheexamination中though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不符合语境。D选项Whilehepassedtheexamination中while“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，不符合语境。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.

问题1选项

A.controlling

B.prevailing

C.predominant

D.primary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controlling“控制欲强的（含贬义）”；B选项prevailing“普遍的，盛行的”；C选项predominant“明显的；占优势的”；D选项primary“主要的，基本的”。句意：骄傲是泰德的性格中_______的特点；除了他自己，他从不指望别人。根据语境，这里是指泰德非常骄傲，很容易看出来，所以predominant“明显的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.翻译题

46.当有人对我说，他们喜爱动物是因为动物有感情，然后又虐待动物，我就对他们说，幸亏他们不喜欢我。(4points)

47.贫困国家转变富裕国家靠的是投资开发自然资源，并借助教育和技术的转移项目提高人力资源和技术资源。(5points)

48.有一些人，他们之所以关心经济发展，或是因为他们认为发展经济是发展中国家人民需要实现的目标，或是因为他们认为只有经济增长率达到令人满意的程度才能保证政治稳定。(5points)

49.失去理想是人们可能会犯的一个重大错误，这就是为什么我们应该奋力向前并且相信我们自己，无论选定的目标看起来多么遥不可及，我们都应争取实现。(6points)

【答案】46.Whenpeopletellmethattheyloveanimalsbecauseanimalshavefeelings,buttorturethem,Itellthemit’sagoodthingtheydon’tlikeme.

47.Thetransitionfrompoortorichcountriesisachievedbyinvestmentinthedevelopmentofnaturalresourcesandthepromotionhumanandtechnologicalresourcesthrougheducationandtechnologytransferprojects.

48.Therearethosewhoareconcernedabouteconomicdevelopment,eitherbecausetheybelievethateconomicdevelopmentisagoalthatpeopleindevelopingcountriesneedtoachieve,orbecausetheybelievethatpoliticalstabilitycanbeensuredonlyiftheeconomicgrowthratereachesasatisfactorylevel.

49.Losingouridealsisabigmistakepeoplecanmake,whichiswhyweshouldpushforwardandbelieveinourselves.Nomatterhowreachlessthechosengoalmayseem,weshouldstrivetoachieveit.

11.翻译题

Whenacompanyunexpectedlyfindsitselflosingmarketshareandtakingabeatingatthehandsofitscompetitors,it’saclearsignalthatachangeisneeded.Foravarietyofreasons,anycompanycansuddenlylosethecompetitiveadvantagethatitpreviouslyenjoyed.(36)Themarkofastrongbusiness,however,isitsabilitytoovercomesuchsetbacksandreclaimitspositionsasthefrontrunnerinitsfield.

Oneofthegreatestvariablesintheprocess,however,istechnology,whichononehandmakesbusinessmoreefficientandthusprofitablethanpreviouslythoughtpossible,butchangesatsucharapidpacethatfewbusinessesutilizeittoitsfullpotential.Thosecompaniesthatinvestheavilyinthelatesttechnologyofthedaymayfindtheirmachinesoutdatedandobsoletethenextyear,thuslosingtheadvantagethattheyhopedtogain,andalsoasubstantialamountofinvestmentmoneyaswell.(37)Thosewhoaremorecautiousandbuylessofthelatestmachinemaylearnthattechnologychangesmoreslowly,andtheircompetitorswhoinvestedmoreheavilynowholdtheupperhand.It’sagameofhitormiss.

Becauseoftheunevenandunpredictablepaceofprogressbetweentechnologicalfields,(38)companiesaredevotingmoreandmoreresourcestonotonlyacquiringmoreofthelatestdevelopments,butresearchingthefactorsthatdeterminetheirproductionsoastopositionthemselvesbettertoadapttothenextchange.Thisstrategyhasbeenproducingpositiveresultsforthosewhoemployit,butitisamassivelyexpensiveone,limitingitsviabilitytoonlythelargestcompanies,whoarealreadyenjoyingmanyadvantagesinthemarket.

Suchdynamicsmakeitincreasinglydifficultfornewsetupcompaniestobreakintoestablishedmarkets,lackingthefundingandcashreservesnecessarytoplaythegamewayasthebigboydo.Thesametechnologythatkeepsthelargecompaniesontop,however,canstilltopplethem.(39)Newandsmallercompanieshavelesstoloseandthuscanaffordtogambleonnewtechnologiesthatlargercompaniesconsidertooriskytodevotethemselvesto.(40)Intherareoccurrenceswhentheseriskyendeavorsbearfruit,providingthemselveswiththewayoffuture,therewardstothosedaringenough,orsmallenough,toinvestinthemprovewellworththeeffort.

【答案】36.然而，一个强大企业的标志是它有能力克服这些挫折，重新成为该领域的领跑者。

37.那些更谨慎、较少购买最新产品的公司可能会发现，技术进步越缓慢，他们竞争对手投资越多现在越占据上风。

38.企业投入越来越多的资源，来换取更多的最新发展和研究生产要素，以便更好地定位自己，从而适应下一次变化。

39.新公司和小公司因为损失更小，所以能够在新技术上赌一把，而大公司会认为风险太大而放弃投入。

40.这些冒险的努力很少会取得成果，继而为他们指明未来的道路。而对于那些非常敢于投资或小型企业来说，回报会证明这样的投资是值得的。

12.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured______thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardto

D.incaseof

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项inlinewith“符合；与……一致”；B选项intermsof“依据”；C选项inregardto“关于”；D选项incaseof“万一；假使”。句意：一个国家的财富应该______其人民的健康和幸福以及它所能生产的物质产品来衡量。根据语境，这里指国家的财富应该用人民和物质来衡量，所以B选项intermsof“依据”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.翻译题

40.地球快速变暖到了非常严峻的程度，而世界上最贫穷的国家成了极端气候的最大受害者。未来的气候变化可能带来更频繁和更严重的洪涝、旱灾和其他极端气候事件，发展中国家至今还没有良好的能力对付它们。

41.即使现在，地球上最贫穷的十亿人口所产生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十亿人口占了全球排放的50%。全球还有16亿人口无法获得现代能源，没有能源，国家就不能繁荣。富国只有采取强有力的行动以腾出一些大气层的“污染空间”，当低收入国家在将来开始更多排放时，才可能使全球排放达到重新平衡。

42.未来十年发生的事情将深刻影响可供我们后代进行的选择。延迟或不采取行动的代价是非常高的，我们必须现在就行动，必须用全人类的聪明才智和合作精神，来对付气候危机。

43.虽然越来越多的人都知道气候变暖，相信需要采取行动，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在机会面前并没有采取行动。所以，最大的挑战在于改变行为方式和制度，尤其是富国。

【答案】40.Theplanetiswarmingrapidlytoseverelevels,andtheworld’spoorestcountriesarethebiggestvictimsofextremeweather.Futureclimatechangeislikelytobringmorefrequentandseverefloods,droughtsandotherextremeweathereventsthatdevelopingcountriesarenotyetwellequippedtodealwith.

41.Evennow,thepoorestbillionpeopleontheplanetaccountforonly3%ofglobalemissions,whiletherichestbillionpeopleaccountfor50%.Andtherearestill1.6billionpeopleintheworldwhodonothaveaccesstomodernenergy.Acountrycannotprosperwithoutenergy.Rebalancingglobalemissionswillbepossibleonlyifrichcountriestakestrongactiontofreeupsomeatmospheric“pollutionspace”,thuslow-incomecountriesstarttoemitmoreinthefuture.

42.Whathappensinthenextdecadewillprofoundlyaffectthechoicesavailabletofuturegenerations.Thecostsofdelayorinactionaretoohigh,andwemustactnowtotackletheclimatecrisiswiththeingenuityandcooperationofallhumanity.

43.Althoughagrowingnumberofpeopleareawareofglobalwarmingandbelievethatactionisneeded,fewputitfirst,andtoomanypeopledonottakeactioninthefaceofopportunity.Sothebiggestchallengeisaboutchangingbehaviorandsystem,especiallyinrichcountries.

14.单选题

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroubleinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatements.BobHerz,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionourmotives”.Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbyinggrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagers.”

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcGreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warmedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealworld”andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbanks’sharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.

31.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto________.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin________.

33.AccordingtoParagraph4,McGreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto________.

34.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersistheoneof________.

问题1选项

A.followunfavorableassetevaluationrules

B.collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

C.cooperatewiththepricemanagers

D.reevaluatesomeoftheirassets

问题2选项

A.thediminishingroleofmanagement

B.therevivalofthebankingsystem

C.thebanks’long-termassetlosses

D.theweakeningofitsindependence

问题3选项

A.keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences

B.evadethepressurefromtheirpeers

C.actontheirowninrule-setting

D.takegradualmeasuresinreform

问题4选项

A.misinterpretedmarkedpriceindicators

B.exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets

C.neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts

D.deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets

问题5选项

A.satisfaction

B.skepticism

C.objectiveness

D.sympathy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.（这些规则规定，他们必须以第三方愿意支付的价格对某些资产进行估价，而不是按照管理者和监管机构希望他们获得的价格。），可知银行家的主要问题是不能按照正常方式估价，所以A选项“遵循不良资产评估规则”正确。B选项“从第三方收取款项”，C选项“配合价格经理”和D选项“重新评估他们的某些资产”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.（但对资本市场正常运转至关重要的标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害。），可知D选项“削弱其独立性”正确。A选项“削弱管理层的作用”：根据第三段最后一句Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbyinggrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagers.”（然而，银行股票上涨加强了游说团所敬称的“管理者决断权”。），可知FASB的变化加强了管理层权力，故错误。B选项“恢复银行系统”：根据第二段最后一句unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.（除非银行以吸引买家的价格持有有毒资产，否则恢复银行体系将会很困难），可知FASB变化不会恢复银行体系，故错误。C选项“银行损失长期资产”：根据第三段第二句moreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatements（也给银行在损益表中确认长期资产损失时更大的灵活性），可知并没有导致长期资产损失，故错误。因此D选项正确。

33.语义推测题。根据第四段第二句TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.（IASB表示它不想没有完整计划就贸然行动，但它在今年下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力十分巨大。），可知C选项“自己制定规则”正确；没有要逃避压力，故B选项“规避来自同行的压力”错误。A选项“远离政治影响”：根据第四段第三句CharlieMcGreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warmedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”（欧盟委员CharlieMcGreevy称赞IASB“不是生活在政治的真空中”。），可知这只是CharlieMcGreevy的看法，故错误。D选项“逐步改革措施”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第一句Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.（银行在错误的星球上，他们的账户资产被大大高估了。），可知B选项“夸大他们资产的实际价值”正确。A选项“错误解读标价价格指标”，C选项“忽视了可能存在的坏账”和D选项“否认其出售资产的账面损失”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.（但对资本市场正常运转至关重要的标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害。），随后对此进行进一步说明，所以作者认为标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害，所以D选项“同情”正确，A选项“满意”，B选项“怀疑”和C选项“客观”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

15.翻译题

如果遇到的竞争对手是受到各自政府过度保护的企业，强大的美国企业通常都能迅速地把它们压制住。事实已经证明，利伯维尔场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源，美国人也已经利用了这一点。因为美国在基础层次上有这样的优势，它处于国际财经界的最高层也就不足为奇了。美国具有这样的优势进而使它能够制定游戏规则，当然是对它自己有利的规则。

【答案】Whenitcomestocompetingwithcompaniesover-protectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,powerfulAmericancompaniesareusuallyquicktoneutralizethem.TheLibrevillecanallocatefundsandresourcesmoreefficientlythananycentrallyplannedeconomy,whichhasbeenprovedandtheAmericanshaveutilized.Withsuchanadvantageatafundamentallevel,itisnotsurprisingthattheUnitedStatesisatthetopoftheinternationalfinancialpeckingorderandsettherulesofthegame,whichofcoursearebeneficialforit.

16.单选题

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

问题1选项

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路赶来帮助她，却发现她投井自尽了。A选项onlytofind“结果却发现”；B选项tofind“发现”；C选项inordertofind“为了发现”；D选项soastofind“以便发现”。根据语境，A选项onlytofind“结果却发现”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

______thatratherthanavoidcapturehepresentedhimselfattheprisongates.

问题1选项

A.Legendhasit

B.Ashaslegend

C.Legendashasit

D.Asithaslegend

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：据说，为了不被抓，他去自首了。A选项Legendhasit“据说”为固定搭配，符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

18.翻译题

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.经济学家声称，利他主义与经济理性背道而驰，因为后者假定人们行为自私。

37.一些经济模型假设，利己主义者之所以表现出利他行为，是因为他们从中获得了一些利益或效用。例如，让他们自我感觉更好，或者有效防止社会动荡。

38.社会学家认为人类有一种帮助别人的自然倾向，这是保护同类的自然本能。因此，公共义务是一种生存行为。

39.虽然公共义务有时包括持续和积极参与政治事务，但是公共义务不一定意味着义务。

40.如果带着私心和恶意履行责任和提供服务，那就玷污了这份职业，徒留政客的名声。但是如果带着真诚与严谨，这些行为就会一点一滴、层层递进地建构自我约束下的自由国家。

19.单选题

Youhavenothingto_______byrefusingtolistentoouradvice.

问题1选项

A.gain

B.grasp

C.seize

D.earn

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gain“获益；得到（好处）”；B选项grasp“毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）；抓紧；理解”；C选项seize“把握（机会、时机、主动等）；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取”；D选项earn“赚钱；博得”。句意：如果你不听我们的建议，你就没有什么_______。根据语境，这里是指如果不听从建议，就得不到好处，所以gain“获益；得到（好处）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

20.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官样文章，冗长的法规条文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupman