大豆制品在养猪生产中的应用

SOYBEANPRODUCTSINSWINEDIETS

猪日粮中的大豆产品ShiXueShi(Sam)Ph.D.

施学仕(Sam)博士AmericanSoybeanAssociationShanghaiOffice美国大豆协会上海办事处WhyareSoybeanProducts，especiallySoy-mealssoImportantforSwineProduction?为什么大豆产品,特别是豆粕对养猪业那么重要？玉米面筋饲料图12000年世界蛋白质饲料产量（百万吨）数据来源：OilwordsStatistics,2000豆粕菜籽粕棉籽粕葵籽粕花生粕芝麻粕鱼粉亚麻籽粕玉米面筋粉椰肉干棕榈仁粕WorldSoybeanProduction世界大豆产量Millionmetrictonnes

百万吨

Source:Oilworld2001WorldTotal177.3mmt

世界总产量177.3百万吨

美国阿根廷中国其它印度巴西巴拉圭加拿大WorldSoybeanMealProduction世界豆粕产量

Percent百分比

Source:Oilworld2001TotalWorld=115.9mmt世界总产量=115.9

百万吨阿根廷美国巴西印度中国/台湾其它墨西哥日本欧盟6005004003002001000Head,Million百万头19911992199319941995199619971998Year年份HogProductioninChina(DatafromMOA)中国养猪生产情况（资料来源：农业部）19911992199319941995199619971998Year年份60.050.040.030.020.010.00.0MetricTons,Million百万公吨FeedProductioninChina中国饲料生产情况Feed,Total

饲料总量Feed,Swine猪饲料SoybeanProductsforSwineDiets用于猪日粮的大豆产品Ingredients

大豆产品 含量范围Range,%1.RegularSoymeal

普通豆粕(44%) 0-252.DehulledSoymeal

去皮豆粕(48%) 0-253.Heated/ExtrudedFFSBM(36%) 0-25

加热/膨化全脂大豆(36%)4.Soy-Proteinconcentrate(65%) 0-20

浓缩大豆蛋白(65%)5.Soy-ProteinIsolated大豆分离蛋白质（88%)

0-15 5.Soybeanoil 豆油 0-5/86.Soybeanhull豆皮(11%) 0-207.Rawsoybean生大豆(36%) 0-10/15AmountofChemicalCompositioninSoy-products

大豆产品中的化学组成和其含量

ItemKcal/kgCP,%Lys.%Fat,%NDF,%Fiber,%*

项目能量粗蛋白赖氨酸脂肪中性洗涤剂粗纤维大卡/公斤%%%纤维%%*SBM普通豆粕

3180442.831.513.37.3DHSBM去皮豆粕

3380483.023.08.93.4

FFSBM膨化全脂大豆3690362.2518.013.95.2SPC浓缩大豆蛋白

3500644.253.0- -SPI分离大豆蛋白

3560865.350.6--

NRC(1998)Aminoacidcompositionofsoy-products(asfed)

大豆产品的氨基酸成分(饲喂状态)

Item SBMDHSBMFFSBMSPCSPI

普通去皮膨化浓缩分离项目豆粕豆粕全脂大豆大豆蛋白大豆蛋白Arginine精氨酸3.233.482.60 5.79 6.87Histidine组氨酸1.171.280.96 1.80 2.25Isoleucine异亮氨酸1.992.161.61 3.30 4.25Leucine亮氨酸3.423.662.75 5.30 6.64Lysine赖氨酸2.833.022.22 4.20 5.26Met.+Cys.蛋+胱氨酸1.311.411.081.902.20Threonine苏氨酸1.731.85 1.41 2.80 3.17Tryptophan色氨酸0.610.65 0.48 0.90 1.08NRC(1998)Digestibilitiesofsomeaminoacidsinsoy-productsforswine

猪对大豆产品中一些氨基酸的消化率

Item SBMDHSBMFFSBMSPCSPI

去皮膨化浓缩分离项目豆粕豆粕全脂大豆大豆蛋白质大豆蛋白质Apparentilealdigestibilitycoefficients,%回肠表观消化率系数(%)Lysine赖氨酸 8585 81 93 88Methionine蛋氨酸868678 91 -Cystine胱氨酸 7779 76 90 Threonine

苏氨酸 7878 77 90 85Trueilealdigestibilitycoefficients,%回肠真消化率系数(%)Lysine赖氨酸 8990 86 95 -Methionine

蛋氨酸9191 85 94 -Cystine

胱氨酸8487 80 94 - Threonine

苏氨酸 8587 83 94 -NRC(1998)DigestibilityCoefficientsofSelectedAminoAcidsinAsianProteinMeals亚洲蛋白质饲料中某些氨基酸的消化率系数(猪)IngredientsLysineMeth.Cystine

Arginine

Thre.饲料赖氨酸蛋氨酸胱氨酸精氨酸苏氨酸SBM,44豆粕(44%)8586769078DHSBM,美国去皮豆粕(48%)8687779077Canolameal低毒菜籽粕7186758067Cottonmeal棉籽粕

8284738878Fishmeal鱼粉9191789188Swine:Apparentilealdigestibilityestimates(回肠表观消化率估计值)Source:RPAN-NutritionGuide,1989Crudeproteincontentofdietsformulatedtoaconstantdigestiblelysinecontent

可消化赖氨酸含量保持不变时的日粮粗蛋白含量

Digestible

Total

CP,%

Diets

Lysine,%

Lysine,%

可消化日粮赖氨酸总赖氨酸粗蛋白Corn-soy-meal玉米-豆粕0.70 0.80 16.0

Corn-canolameal玉米-无毒菜籽粕0.70 0.90 17.9Corn-peanutmeal玉米花生粕

0.70 0.81 24.5Corn-cottonseedmeal玉米-棉籽粕0.70 1.07 26.7Corn-sunflowermeal 玉米-葵籽粕0.70 0.85 29.5Corn-sesamemeal玉米-芝麻粕0.70 0.83 34.4GaryL.Cromwell,2000Nutritionalvalueoffeedstuffsforpigs国家公布的生长猪饲料养分含量值Wheatbran麦麸Wheat小麦Corn玉米Pea豌豆Rapeseedmeal菜籽粕Cottonseedmeal

棉籽粕Soybeanmeal豆粕Fat脂肪ME代谢能

579710097716697240DLys可消化赖氨酸181184951361000*DLys/ME*0.511.291.001.860*:；gdigestiblelysine/MJME可消化赖氨酸克数/兆焦代谢能SoybeanMealSpecifications1

豆粕质量标准1Ureaseactivity=0.05to0.20

尿素酶活性=0.05-0.20

KOHvalue=75to90%

蛋白质氢氧化钾溶解度=75to90%

Bulkdensityrange=575to640kg/cubicmeter散装密度=575-640公斤/立方米Screenanalysis筛分1.95-100%throughU.S.Screen#1095-100%通过美国10#筛2.40-60%throughU.S.Screen#2040-60%通过美国20#筛3.6%throughU.S.Screen#806%通过美国80#筛Desiredphysicalappearances对外观的要求a.Color:lighttantolightbrown色泽：浅棕色至浅褐色b.Odor:fresh,notsour,mustyorburned气味：新鲜，无酸味、霉味、焦味C.Taste:bland&freeofanybeanyorburnedtaste滋味:平淡,无任何生豆味或焦味d.Texture:homogeneous,free-flowing质地：均质，无流动性SoybeanMealSpecifications2

豆粕质量标准

2Performancecriteria性能参数：a.PDI=15%Min.%30%max.蛋白质分散度指数：最低15%，最高30%B.PER=2.3Min.For44%CPmeal蛋白质效率比:44%粗蛋白的豆粕:最低2.3c.PER=2.4min.For48%CPmeal蛋白质效率比:48%粗蛋白的豆粕:最低2.4PDI:ProteinDispensabilityIndexPER:ProteinEfficiencyRatio--biologicalevaluationoftheprotein ratiopresentinthemeal蛋白质效率比：饼粕类饲料中蛋白质的生物学评价指标Conclusion接论

SoybeanMealistheSoleandtheBestProteinSourceforSwine.So,usemoreSBMthanotherproteinsourcemeals

豆粕是养猪唯一的最好的蛋白源，因此多用豆粕少用其他饼粕.DehulledSoybeanMeal去皮豆粕Soybeanheating大豆加热Crackinganddehulling

压碎和去皮Flakes压片Meal豆粕DHSBM

去皮豆粕Extracting抽提Grinding粉碎Hulls

豆皮MixingwithDHSBM与去皮豆粕混合SBM普通豆粕CrudeOil产毛油Heating&drying加热和干燥REFINEDOIL精炼油TheProcessingofDehulledSoymeal去皮豆粕的加工

Hulls豆皮Majoradvantagesofdehulledsoy-mealEnergy,proteinandLysinecontentsinDHSBMarehigherthanthoseinSBM

能量，蛋白和赖氨酸含量高于普通豆粕Crudefiberandashcontentsisrelativelylower粗纤维和灰分含量较低“Space”forenergyinDHSBMdietsislargerthanthatinSBMdietsduetohighcrudeproteinlevel因去皮豆粕的粗蛋白含量较高，故去皮豆粕日粮中能量的“空间”大于普通豆粕日粮，ProperprocessingmakeshighqualityDHSBMwhichincreasesnutrientdigestibility正确的加工可生产出质量高的消化高的去皮豆粕Thequalityisstable

质量稳定RelativelycheaperthanSBM

价格相对低于普通豆粕去皮豆粕的主要优点中国南京Purina饲料公司对一些豆粕样品的分析结果(%)ResultsofAnalysisofSoymealSamplesMeasuredinPurina-NanjingFeedCompany,ChinaSource来源中国印度阿根廷美国Moisture水分11.8C.Protein粗蛋白48.4C.Fiber粗纤维3.1C.Fat粗脂肪1.32.01.31.4Ash灰分5.8KOHsolubility氢氧化钾溶解度82.872.073.683.6Urease,pH尿素酶,pH0.020.070.040.07Aminoacids氨基酸Lysine赖氨酸2.692.852.552.93Methionine

蛋氨酸0.620.620.590.66Threonine

苏氨酸1.771.821.712.02ChemicalCompositionofSoy-mealsdiets豆粕日粮的化学成分

豆粕去皮豆粕豆粕去皮豆粕Diets日粮28-38d.28-38d.28-38d.28-38d.MEKcal/kg代谢能(大卡/公斤)3100310032003200CP,%粗蛋白(%)19.2Lys.%赖氨酸(%)1.301.301.211.21Meth.+Cys.%蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(%)0.780.780.650.65Thre.%苏氨酸(%)0.820.820.760.76Crudefat,%粗脂肪(%)6.225.295.414.32Ca,%钙(%)0.850.85

0.85

0.85P,%磷(%)0.750.750.700.70Price,Y/ton价格(元/吨)

3009298723922383四种不同日粮处理在不同生长阶段的日增重Item项目中国豆粕印度豆粕阿根廷豆粕美国去皮豆粕

SBMChinaSBMIndiaSBMArgentinaUSDHSBMADG,g日增重(克)28-60Days28-60天35535934536230-60Days30-60天41441740642660-90Days60-90天553a537a

544a

580b90-120Days90-120天642a636a632a681b

28-120Days/天513a508a503a537bNote:Valueswithdifferentsuperscriptsinthesamerowaresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05-0.001)注：上标不同字母的数值间差异显著(P<0.05-0.001)DailyGainsofFourDifferentTreatmentsinDifferentGrowthStages三个生长阶段中每公斤体增重的饲料成本Item项目中国豆粕印度豆粕阿根廷豆粕美国去皮豆粕

SBMChinaSBMIndiaSBMArgentinaUSDHSBMFeedcost,Y饲料成本(元)38-60Days38-60天4.09ab3.97ab4.22a3.89b60-90Days60-90天4.134.024.243.9290-120Days90-120天5.78ab5.75ab5.80ab5.46b

28-120Days/天

4.89ab4.86ab4.97a4.66bNote:Valueswithdifferentsuperscriptsinthesamerowaresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05)注：上标不同字母的数值间差异显著(P<0.05)FeedCostofPerKiloBodyWeightGsininThreeGrowthStagesFeedcostcomparisonofdifferentsoymealsources不同来源豆粕的饲料成本比较Feedcostcomparisonofdifferentsoymealsources

中国印度阿根廷美国每头猪(体重55公斤)的饲料成本(元)Feedcostperpig(55kg):yuanImpactofUSDHSBMonbackfatthickness&bodyweightlossoflactatingsows中国豆粕美国去皮豆粕单位3.4毫米4.5毫米美国去皮豆粕对泌乳母猪背膘厚减薄和体重减轻程度的影响

bBackfatlossmm背膘厚减薄(毫米)

BWloss,kg体重减轻(公斤)6.9天8.2天4.62公斤4.37公斤中国豆粕美国去皮豆粕单位平均日采食(公斤)到下次发情天数ImpactofUSDHSBMonfeedintakeanddaysfromweanlingtoestrusoflactatingsows美国去皮豆粕对泌乳母猪采食量和断奶到下次发情天数的影响中国豆粕美国去皮豆粕日增重(克)InfluenceofU.S.DHSBMinlactationdietsongrowthperformanceofbabypigs泌乳日粮中采用美国去皮豆粕对仔猪生长性能的影响ExtrudedFull-FatSoybeanMeal

膨化全脂大豆`TheEffectofFeedExtrusionGelatinizestarch,breakdownstarchtosmallparticles,ruptureofcellwallsso,improvedigestibility&feedefficiency使淀粉糊化并破解为小分子，使细胞壁破裂，从而提高动物对饲料的消化率和饲料利用率。Proteincookedanddispersed,so,absorptionincreased使蛋白质熟化，分散度提高从而提高蛋白质的吸收率。Allmicrobeskilled,includingpathogen,so,sterilizefeedstheincidenceofdiseasesreduced可杀死所有的微生物,包括病原体,故饲料得到了消毒，因而可降低疾病的发生率Goodpalatabilityimprovesfeedintakeandgrowth可提高饲料的适口性,从而可提高动物的采食量和生长率。Feedefficiencyincreasedby10%comparedwithmash与粉料相比，饲料利用率可提高10%。饲料膨化的效果1.

Protein:38%,Fat:18-21%,Moisture:5-6%

蛋白质：38%；脂肪：18-21%；水分：5-6%Energy:3600-4180MEKcal./kg;intracellularoilreleased

能量：3600-4180大卡代谢能/公斤，细胞内油脂释放了出来。OM:over90%digestibility,texturechanged

有机物：消化率达到90%以上，质地改变。Destroycertainanti-nutrientfactors

破坏了某些抗营养因子IncreasethelevelofW-3fattyacidincarcass

提高了胴体中ω-3脂肪酸的水平。Advantages&DisadvantageofExtrudedFull-FatSoymealforPigs膨化全脂大豆对猪的优缺点Easytopelletingifhighlevelwheyused若使用了高水平的乳清，很容易进行制粒。Reducedustsorespiratorydiseasesdeclined减少粉尘量，因而可降低呼吸道疾病发生率。Minimizewornoutofmachine减慢机器的磨损。Improvepalatability&energydensity,so,feedintakeandgrowthincreased提高日粮的适口性和能量含量，从而提高动物的采食量和生长率。10SoftandyellowcarcassfatifFFSBMcontentistoohigh如果膨化全脂大豆用量过大则胴体脂肪会变软而色黄。Advantages&DisadvantageofExtrudedFull-FatSoymealforPigs膨化全脂大豆对猪的优缺点DM 干物质 93.0%CP 粗蛋白 38.0%EE 乙醚提取物 18-21%CF 粗纤维 5.2%Ash 灰分 4.5%DigestibleCP 33.5%可消化粗蛋白FreeFattyAcid 1.0%游离氨基酸LinoleicAcid 9.0%亚油酸LinolenicAcid 2.0%亚麻酸Lecithin 0.7%卵磷脂TripleF,INC,1997Lys. 2.40%赖氨酸Meth. 0.54%蛋氨酸Cys. 0.55%胱氨酸Arg. 2.81%精氨酸Threo. 1.52%苏氨酸Tryp. 0.59%色氨酸AvailableAminoAcids有效氨基酸Swine猪:90%;Poultry禽:92%DryExtrudedWholeSoybeans干燥膨化全脂大豆EFFSBMEnergyContent

膨化全脂大豆的能量含量Species动物种类

kcal/kg大卡/公斤Swine,DE猪，消化能

4312，Swine,ME猪，代谢能

4180Poultry,ME,avg.禽,代谢能,平均

3955Ruminants,DE 反刍兽,消化能

3537Ruminants,ME反刍兽,代谢能

3335Triple“F”,INC,1997PublishedEnergyValueofEFFSBM

若干机构公布的膨化全脂大豆能量值Units ME*/PigsME*/Poultry机构代谢能*/猪代谢能*/禽INRA, 89 3945 3900法国国家农业科学院CVB, 94 3575 3700NRC, 94 3625 3300美国国家科学研究院FEDNA, 943950 3520Triple“F”,

974185 3855*Kcal./kg千卡/公斤SoonSoonoilmillsSDN.BHD,1998FFSBMtypicalinclusionrates

膨化全脂大豆的常用添加量Swine:猪Starting断奶猪 20%Growing 生长猪 25%Finishing 肥育猪 25%Breeding 种猪 28%Poultry:禽Starting幼雏期 22%Growing生长期 28%Laying/Breeding产蛋期/繁殖期 20%Triple“F”,INC,1997AdvantagesofPigsFedExtrudedCorn&DHSBMComparedwiththeControl（ASA，1999）对猪饲喂膨化玉米和去皮豆粕的优势

Corn+SBMExt.Corn+SBMCorn+DHSBMErt.corn+DHSBM玉米+豆粕膨化玉米+豆粕玉米+去皮豆粕膨化玉米+去皮豆粕Advantage,%优势EffectofEFFSBMonPerformanceof21daysWeaningPigs饲喂膨化全脂大豆对21日龄断奶猪性能的影响Items DietA DietB DietC项目日粮A日粮B日粮CADG,14-28d.g

(postweaning) 448 436 504断奶后14-28天日增重(克)

ADFI,g平均日采食(克) 624 633 644Feed/Gain耗料/增重

1.40 1.45 1.28Source:SwineInstituteofFrenchNationalAcademyofAgricultural Science,1975资料来源：法国全国农业科学院养猪研究所,1975Note:DietAcontains20%soymeal&6.5%fishmeal

日粮A含豆粕20%和鱼粉6.5%;

DietBcontains15%soymeal,6%fishmeal&10%skimmilk

日粮

B含豆粕15%,鱼粉6%，脱脂奶粉10%

DietCcontains25%extrudedFFSBM&6%fishmeal

日粮C含膨化全脂大豆25%，鱼粉6%DryExtrudedSoybeanAdvantagesFedto4.5kgPigs

对体重4.5公斤猪饲喂干燥膨化大豆时的优势

CRITERIARoasted????????????????????????????????????soybeanSoybeanmeal参数焙烤大豆豆粕VillusHeight绒毛高度+8.5%+11.8%Anti-soyTiters抗大豆蛋白抗体滴度-3.0%-8.6%BiologicalValue生物学价值+11.4%+7.2%NRetention,%氮沉积(%)+15.0%+19.8%NRetention,g/d氮沉积(克/天)+39.0%+44.6%ME,%代谢能(%)+20.3%+11.0%MERetention,g/d代谢能沉积(克/天)+41.4%+46.6%MEkcal/lb代谢能(大卡/磅)+35.0%+32.5%RichardL.Triple"F",1994InfluenceofFFSBMonPerformanceofStarterPigs(7.5kg)

SBM+SBORoastedExtruded？？？?？??豆粕+豆油焙烤膨化35days35天

ADG,kg日增重(公斤)0.43 0.38 0.45ADF,kg日采食(公斤) 0.76 0.73 0.79F/G耗料/增重 1.771.92 1.76App.Dig.(d.14)表观消化率(14天)DM,%干物质(%)85.680.5 85.5N,%氮(%) 82.080.5 83.3Hancocketal(1990)饲喂全脂大豆对保育期仔猪(7.5千克体重)性能的影响InfluenceofFFSBMformondigestibilityinstarterpigs(16.9kg)

RoastedExtruded%FFSBMFFSBM Increased

焙烤全脂大豆膨化全脂大豆增加%Fat1脂肪

63.4 85.7 26.0DM1干物质

86.0 90.5 5.0Energy1能量

81.9 89.7 8.7N1氮

79.5 86.8 8.41P<0.05Adams&Jensen(1985)饲喂全脂大豆对保育期仔猪(16.9千克)消化率的影响InfluenceofFFSBMonPerformanceofGrowing-FinishingHogs(11exps.1970-87)

饲喂全脂大豆对生长肥育猪性能的影响

(1970-1987,11个实验)

%

SBMFFSBMDifference

豆粕全脂大豆差异%ADG,kg日增重(公斤)0.750.77 +2.70ADFI,kg日采食(公斤)2.642.47 -6.4F/G耗料/增重

3.52 3.21 -8.8

Reese(1988)InfluenceofFFSBMonCarcassOmega-3FattyAcidPercentinSwine(54to110kg)饲喂全脂大豆对猪(54-110千克)胴体中ω-3脂肪酸含量的影响

Corn+Corn+ SBM FFSBM%

玉米+豆粕玉米+Diff

全脂大豆差异Loineye1

眼肌0.0840.339+404Ham1后腿0.1710.458+268Pelvicfat1

盆腔脂肪0.3131.187+3791P<0.05Newcombet

al(1988)Effectofmoistordryextrusionofsoymealongrowth

performanceofweanlingpigs&apparentDMdigestibility

湿膨化豆粕和干膨化豆粕对断奶猪性能和干物质消化率的影响

Dry-ExtrudedMoist-ExtrudedItemSBMSBMSBM项目豆粕干膨化豆粕湿膨化豆粕Day0to140-14天ADG,g日增重(克) 168222 236ADFI,g日采食(克) 254 268 290G/F耗料/增重

0.66 0.83 0.81Day0to280-28天ADG,g日增重(克) 181 313 354ADFI,g日采食(克) 363 449 472G/F耗料/增重 0.50 0.70 0.75Digestibility,%消化率%

Day-14N14天氮

86.3 89.3 89.0Friesenetal(1993)Conclusion结论

1.DonotuseroastedFFSBM

不要用烘烤全脂大豆

2.UsehighqualityEFFSBM

要用高质量膨化全脂大豆

3.TrytogetWet-Extruded

FFSBMifpossible

如有可能，请用湿膨化全脂大豆.SoybeanOilinSwineDiets

豆油用于猪日粮ImportantFunctionsofLipidsNutritional营养学功能SourceofenergyviaBoxidation通过氧化作用提供能量Sourceofessentialfattyacids提供必需脂肪酸Carriersoffat-solublevitaminsandfacilitateabsorptionoffat-solublevitamins

脂溶性维生素A,D,E,K的载体,有利于其吸收利用脂肪的重要功能Nutritionalvalueoffeedstuffsforpigs国家公布的生长猪饲料养分含量值Wheatbran麦麸Wheat小麦Corn玉米Pea豌豆Rapeseedmeal菜籽粕Cottonseedmeal

棉籽粕Soybeanmeal豆粕Fat脂肪ME代谢能

579710097716697240DLys可消化赖氨酸181184951361000*DLys/ME*0.511.291.001.860*:；gdigestiblelysine/MJME可消化赖氨酸克数/兆焦代谢能DigestibilitiesofDifferentTypeFatatDifferentAgesofPigs不同日龄的猪对各种脂肪的消化率

Digestibility,%

消化率%

Typesoffats 3weeksage7weeksage脂肪类型3周龄7周龄Short-chain(>14C)短链

86 96Mediem-chain (14-18C)中链

70 90Long-chain(>18C) 长链

37 78Source:Lloyd(1957)Impactofratioofunsaturatedtosaturatedfattyacidsondigestibilityofnon-ruminants

非反刍畜日粮中不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比率对脂肪消化率的影响Fats Unsat.:Sat. Digestibility MEkcal/kg脂肪不饱和:饱和消化率代谢能(千卡/公斤)Soyoil 7.3:1.0 98% 9,257豆油Tallow 1.1:1.0 67% 6,556 牛油Influenceofdifferentfatsourcesandformsonabsorption

脂肪的不同来源和不同形式对脂肪吸收的影响

Fatsource Fatform Absorption,%脂肪源脂肪形式吸收率%Soybeanoil豆油Glyceride

甘油酯

98?????????????????Freefattyacid游离脂肪酸 88Lard猪油 Glyceride

甘油酯 93

Freefattyacid游离脂肪酸

68Tallow牛油

Glyceride

甘油酯 67

Freefattyacid游离脂肪酸

51Hill,1964ComparisonofFatsSourceSourceOil Saturated Poly- Mono-油脂来源

fat,% unsaturated,% unsaturated,%

饱和脂肪多不饱和单不饱和Soybeanoil豆油

15 61 24Cornoil玉米油

14 61 25Canolaoil低毒菜子油

7 31 62Sunfloweroil葵籽油

11 69 20Cottonseedoil棉籽油 27 54 19Peanutoil花生油

18 34 48Lard猪油

41 12 47Tallow牛油

52 4 44Palmoil棕榈油

52 9 39不同脂肪源的比较Gain,g/d蛋白质沉积率克/天FromQuiniouetal.,1996摘自：Quiniou等,1996Barrows;45to100kgBW阉公猪；体重45-100千克EffectofMEintakeonproteingain代谢能摄入量对蛋白质沉积的影响Practicalrange实用范围

MEintake,MJ/d

代谢能摄入量(兆焦/天)

Energylevel,kcal/kg日粮能量(大卡/公斤)

ITEM项目

3100330035203740EXP.1:实验1

DailyGain日增重(克)221254263

242

Gain/Feed增重/耗料

0.5950.5950.6840.735EXP.2:实验2

DailyGain,g日增重(克)303338366327

Gain/Feed增重/耗料

0.5740.5780.6900.709McConnelletal.(1982).Exp.1:91pigs,3-6Exp.2:42pigs,3-8wks.EnergyLevelsforEarlyWeanedPigs早期断奶仔猪日粮的能量水平EffectofHighEnergyDietsinGrowing-FinishingComparedtoFinishingPeriod高能日粮用于生长/肥育猪的效果比较

ME(kcal/kg)日粮代谢能(千卡/公斤)34103586Grower:生长猪：DailyGain,kg日增重(公斤)0.740.75DailyFeed,kg日采食(公斤)2.001.78Gain/Feed增重/耗料0.3700.420(13.5%)xFinisher:肥育猪：DailyGain,kg日增重(公斤)0.940.92DailyFeed,kg日采食(公斤)3.122.81Gain/Feed增重/耗料0.3010.327(8.6%)xRalstonPurina;x:Percentageimprovementduetoaddedenergy

因增加能量而改善的百分率；·Responsetohighenergydietgreateringrowingperiod(25-55kg)thaninfinisherperiod(55-100kg)生长期(25-55公斤体重)对高能日粮的反应大于肥育期(55-100公斤体重)的反应。PurdueUniversity,2001FeedEfficiencyofPigsFedRoutineDietsandHighLipidDiet[a,bmeanssignificantlydifference(P<0.01)][a,b:表示差异显著(P<0.01)]

a

b

a

bRoutinediet普通日粮Highlipiddiet高脂肪日粮Growthrate(g/d)生长率(克/天)24-38天

days24-52天

days24-71天daysab对猪饲喂常规日粮和高脂肪日粮时的饲料利用率24-38days天24-52days天24-71days天(a,b:P<0.05,A,B:P<0.01)Feed/gain耗料/增重ABABabFeedEfficiencyofPigsFedRoutineDietsandHighLipidDiet对猪饲喂常规日粮和高脂肪日粮时的饲料利用率RoutineDiets普通日粮Highlipiddiets高脂肪日粮BW=220kg体重=220千克Litter=3000g/d窝增重=3000克/天ME=107.2MJ/d代谢能=107.2兆焦/天25%75%MEm=26.3MJ/d维持代谢能26.3兆焦/天MEmilk=80.9MJ/d乳中代谢能=80.9兆焦/天0.46MJME/kgBW0.750.46兆焦代谢能/千克体重0.758.2kg/d8.2千克/天Energyrequirements:lactatingsow泌乳母猪的能量需要量

Corn-Soy玉米-豆粕日粮ItemsNofatSoyoil,4.5%Dryfat,5.5%

不加脂肪加豆油4.5%加干脂肪5.5%No.ofpiglets实验猪数

297299287Birthbodyweight,kg初生重(公斤)1.491.481.48Weaningbodyweight,kg断奶重(公斤)5.40a5.56b5.75cADG,g日增重(克)195.7a204.1b213.5cNote:1.Meansvaluesinthesamerowwithdifferentsuperscriptweresign