11.2空课第四讲-非谓语动词不定式

1、第四讲非谓语动词-不定式(讲义) 姓名 班级一、动词不定式的形式 肯定式：to do sth.否认式：not to do sth.被动式：to be done完成式：to have done二、动词不定式的用法 1、作主语 A.动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：(1 )To see is to believe.(2)To master English gives us much help in the study of science.B.不定式或不定式短语作主语，常用it作 主语，构成“It is+形容词(+for sb.)+不定式”结构。Its rude to lum your b

2、ack to your teacher and refuse to answer. 真题链接.(2014 辽宁，短文改错)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2016 陕西西安中学第四次质检,65) There is no easy way to success in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar b

3、ook.2、作宾语A.动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如mean, decide, fail, wish, expect, promise, pretend, choose, want, would like to, intend, plan 等等。I mean to go there alone.B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用 it作 宾语。句型为：主语+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth.翻译：我发现学好英语并不太难。C.动词不定式还可

4、以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词except和but (除了)。They did nothing except( work).There is no choice but( wait).真题链接.There was nothing to do in the evening but. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading.There is nothing we can do but wait.A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can C. as calm as we can D. as calmly as

5、 we can. (2014陕西西安工大附中五次训练，14)一How did you know the surprising news?一I happened(cover) the event then.3、作表语动词不定式作表语：A、是主语有不定式充当；B、是主语由抽象名词充当。To teach is to learn.My job is to help Che patient.【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中)又实意动词do时，作 表语的动词不定式省略tOoAll I want to do now (What I want to do now) is Ell my

6、 stomach.真题链接feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blamestopped to listen, and my son seemed himself in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shutB. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, having shut4、

7、作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词(“五看，二听，一感觉”：look at, see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel,等)和使役动词“三让” (let, have, make )后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这 类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。(let, have,一般不用于被动语态)I saw him play in the park.f He was seen.The boss made those men work day and night.f Those men were made.真题链接1.(2013 陕西，13) L

8、et those in need that we will go all out to help them.A. to understand B.understand C.understandingD.understood2.1 expect you(come) earlier tomorrow.5、作定语A、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓 关系；假设名词为逻辑宾语，那么构成动宾关系；He is not a man to tell lies.There will not be enough space to stand in on the eart

9、h.B、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在 该动词上加上一个介词，如：He is a pleasant person to work with.He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.【注意】.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地 点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money a

10、nd no place to live 年. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定适。Have you anything to send?。Have you anything to be sent?。真题链接. (2013匕京,21) Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.to change.(2016 四川，64) For 25 days, she never left her ba

11、by, not even to find something(eat)!.The best way(see) the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to thebottom.6、作状语1）不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。如： r m very glad to hear the news.2）不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to连用。He got up early so as not to be late.3）不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。The ques

12、tion is difficult to answer.*不定式作结果状语常用如下句型： too +形容词/副词+ to do sth.名词/形容词/副词+ enough + to do sth.enough+名 词 +to do sth.such + （形容词）名词 +as to do sth.so +形容词/副词+ as to do sth.【翻译】1 .他太小了，不能去参军。.2他足够大了，可以去参军。.家里有足够的粮食吃。.他人很好以至于他愿意帮助别人。. 真题链接.（2015 湖南，34） Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow s

13、tudents what isbothering them.A.to talk overB.talked overC.talk overD.having talked over.（2014 江苏，28） The idea “happiness ,will not sit still for easy definitions. A.to be rigidB.to be sureC.to be perfectD.to be fair7、独立结构常见用作独立成分的不定式：to tell you the truthto be frank to tell you the truthto be frank

14、 to be briefto be exactto conclude=to sum upto begin withto make a long story short to say nothing ofto be sureto do him justice so to speak8、与疑问词等连用疑问词“what, who, which, how, when, where+动词不定式”结构，在句中起名词作用，可 充当主语、表语、宾语等。（why除外）真题链接.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knowi

15、t what to do withit what to do withit what to do withwhat to do it withit what to do withwhat to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.When the meeting is still to be discussed.Jane doesnt know how she can improve her Chinese.J

16、ane doesnt know improve her Chinese.第四讲非谓语动词-不定式(作业)I .单项选择This company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. producedThe purpose of new technology is to make life easier,it more difficult.A .not making B. not m

17、ake C .not to make D. nor to makeHelen had to shout above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C.making herself heard D .to make herself heardI don t know whether you happen ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be hearing C .to

18、hear D .to have heardThe news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .tellingD .toldYou were silly not your car.A. to lockB. to have locked C. lockingD. having lockedThe teacher asked us so much noise.A .don t make B. not make C. not making D .not to

19、makeAn army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings beforefiring any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issuedr d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. shareD. shari

20、ngThe bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed n.单句填空1. While she lived, her front gate was always locked and no one ever saw her(leave) or saw anybody(go) in.1 tried(persuade) him(agree) with you proposal.She rushed out of the room without giving me a chance(explain).Did you remember(lock) the door?No, I didn t. V d better go back and(do) it.The baby needs(look) after.He is said(send) to hospital already.The library assistant doesn