高中英语语法专题复习省略句课件

1、高中英语语法专题复习省略句高东东高中英语语法专题复习省略句高东东一.考纲要求按照考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。二。命题导向近年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略。一.考纲要求一、概述 在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：知识详解 Beg you pardon. Sounds like a good idea. （ I ）Beg you pardon. ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.一、概述 在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，知识详解二、分类详

2、解（一）简单句中的省略1、 省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如： Thank you for your help. ( I ) Thank you for your help.简单句中的省略 Doesnt matter. ( It ) doesnt matter.知识详解二、分类详解（一）简单句中的省略1、 省略主语 知识详解2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如： (There is) No smoking . （省略主语和谓语） （Will you) Have a smoke ? What/How (do you think) about a cup of te

3、a ? Why (do you) not say hello to him ?简单句中的省略知识详解2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如： (The知识详解3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have 。如： Are you going there? Yes, Id like to .简单句中的省略 He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to . Are you an engineer? No, but I want to . He hasnt finished the ta

4、sk yet. Well, he ought to .(go there).(give me the chance).behave知识详解3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语知识详解4、省略表语。如： Are you thirsty? Yes, I am .简单句中的省略 His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister .(thirsty).(lazy).5、同时省略几个成分 。如： Lets meet at the same place as yesterday.(we met)同时省略主、谓语知识详解4、省略表语。如： Are you th

5、ir知识详解 Have you finished your work ? Not yet.简单句中的省略I have not finished my homework yet.I have not finished my homework yet.I have not finished my homework yet.（二）复合句中的省略知识详解 Have you finished your 知识详解1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如： 主从复合句中的省略 Pity that he missed such a good chance.( Its a )知识详解1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如： 主从

6、复合句中的省知识详解 Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? I think so.主从复合句中的省略soIm leaving for Beijing this Sunday.状语条件句 Tom must be free today. If so. He can help us.sohe is free.2、宾语从句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替，如： 知识详解 Are you leaving for Bei知识详解 It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.主从复合句中的省略notit is not

7、 going to rain.这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope/guess not. Why not?等等。知识详解 It is going to rain, is定 语 从 句 的 简化1、把定语从句简化为形容词短语作定语。（如果定语从句的表语是形容词短语）She received a box which was full of gifts. She received a box full of gifts.她收到了满满一盒子礼物。 2、把定语从句简化为介词短语

8、。（如果定语从句的表语是介词短语）The books which lie/is under the bed arent worth reading. The books under the bed arent worth reading.床下那些书不值得读。 定 语 从 句 的 简化1、把定语从句简化为形容词短语作定语定 语 从 句 的 简化3、1.把定语从句简化为不定式或不定式短语作定语。（如果定语从句中的谓语动词是一般将来时，或先行词前有序数词或追高级修饰，或last only 修饰，或者先行词是不定代词something,anthing.）Have you anything that y

9、ou want to say at the meeting? Have you anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？ Mary is the only person that can save me from danger.Mary is the only person to save me from danger.定 语 从 句 的 简化3、1.把定语从句简化为不定式或不定定 语 从 句 的 简化3.2、把定语从句变成不定式复合结构作定语。例如： Is there anything else that we can do? Is there

10、anything else for us to do?还有其它我们可做的事吗？ 3.3.定语从句简化为 介词+which +不定式（含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面） The farmers use wood to build a house in which they can store grain.The farmers use wood to build a house in which to store grain定 语 从 句 的 简化3.2、把定语从句变成不定式复合结构4.1、把定语从句简化成现在分词短语作定语。(一般情况下，在定语从句中的谓语动词时主句的主语发出

11、的，是主动语态用现在分词) The boy who stands against the door is his younger brother. The boy standing against the door is his younger brother.靠门站着的那个男孩是他弟弟。 4.2、把定语从句简化为过去分词短语作定语。（一般情况下，在定语从句中的谓语动词时不是由主句的主语发出的，是被动语态，用过去分词）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful. The dictionary bought for me

12、 by my mother is very useful.我母亲给我买的那本词典非常有用。 定 语 从 句 的 简化4.1、把定语从句简化成现在分词短语作定语。(一般情况下，在5.另外：还可以把表明身份、职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位语结构。例如： Lao Zhang,who was our hospital driver,died yesterday. Lao Zhang,our hospital driver,died yesterday.老张，我们医院的司机，昨天去世了。 The old man,who is a famous scientist,is coming to give u

13、s a report. The old man,a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report.那位老人，一个著名的科学家，要来给我们作报告。定 语 从 句 的 简化5.另外：还可以把表明身份、职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位状语从句的省略在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。状语从句的省略在以when, while, once引导的 When asked what he had do

14、ne, John just kept silent. When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent. he If he is free, Jack will go with us. he was If free, Jack will go with us. he is 状语从句的省略 When asked what Unless invited, he wont come. Unless he is invited, he wont come. he While he is doing house work, my fath

15、er often listens to music. he is While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is he状语从句的省略 Unless invited, he状语从句的简化具体讲解一、当状语从句的主语是it, 且谓语动词是be时，it和be可完全简化掉。例如： If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。 You must attend the meeting on time unless (i

16、t is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你不便，否则你必须出席这个会议。 状语从句的简化具体讲解一、当状语从句的主语是it, 且谓语二、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下情形： 连词+形容词 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候就学会了怎样骑自行车。 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就去购物。 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regre

17、t. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 连词名词 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在孩提时代，就乐于助人。 连词+现在分词 （相当于非谓语动词作状语）As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在

18、努力学数学，但仍然没有取得好成绩。 状语从句的简化二、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句可以将主语和be4. 连词+过去分词 （相当于非谓语动词作状语） He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他是不会和我 们一道去那儿的。 The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 这场音乐会出乎意料地获得了巨大成功。 5. 连词+不定式 （相当于非谓语动词作状语） He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 他

19、站起来好像要说点什么。 He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他来负责也解决不了这个问题。 6. 连词+介词短语 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦虑，就好像是遇到了麻烦。 He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美国之前就精通英语了。 注意：若从句主语和主句主语不一致，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如： Wh

20、en the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-place. 当会议结束时，所有的人都走出了会场。(=The meeting over, .) 状语从句的简化4. 连词+过去分词 （相当于非谓语动词作状语） 状语从句知识详解 My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.并列中的省略（省略相同的谓语动词）1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 如： When summer comes, the day is getting l

21、onger and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.(is getting)(is)省略相同的谓语动词（三）并列句中的省略知识详解 My brother is a doctor a知识详解其它形式的省略 We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.(that)（四）其它形式的省略1、连词的that省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。 Mary said (that) she is from American an

22、d that she is 16 years old.(that)知识详解其它形式的省略 We all know (that知识详解其它形式的省略（2） 在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。 I havent read the book (that/ which) youre reading.(that/ which) The man (that/ who) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith.(that/ who)知识详解其它形式的省略（2） 在定语从句中，that, wh

23、知识详解其它形式的省略2、不定式符号to的省略 My father often asks me to go to the market and to buy some vegetables.(to)（1）并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.（2）介词but前若有动词do（did, does, done)，后面的不定式不带 to，否则要带to. He had no choice but to wait. to He had nothing to do but wait.wait前若有do后则无to，前若无do，后必带to知识详解其它形式的省略2、不定式符号to的省略 My fa知识详解其它形式的省略

24、 Id like to help (to) do it for you.(to)（3） help 作“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。（4） find 作“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。 The parents found their son to study very hard. (to) We found he to be very humorous.to be He is kind enough to help me to do some work.(to)但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。但

25、如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。知识详解其它形式的省略 Id like to help 知识详解其它形式的省略（5）一些使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by. A man was noticed to enter the classroom.to X 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlisten tohavemakeletwatchnotic

26、eobservesee知识详解其它形式的省略（5）一些使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语知识详解其它形式的省略 What he can do is to keep silent.(to)（6）主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。3、在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句。 Were I you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug. Were Had I a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.Had Should t

27、here be bird-flu, what would we do?Should知识详解其它形式的省略 What he can do is知识详解其它形式的省略 He suggest we should set out right away.(should)4、在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如： His suggestion is that we should set out right away.(should) The order that we should stay wher

28、e we are is very serious and severe.(should) Its very important that students should study hard at school.(should)类似的动词是：I DROP CAPS (insist坚持,demand要求,require要求，request请求，recommend建议，order命令，propose建议，command命令，ask要求，advise建议，prefer宁愿，suggest建议，)知识详解其它形式的省略 He suggest we sh1.状语从句的省略：在以when, while,

29、if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等。高 考 考 点1.状语从句的省略：在以when, while, if, a.状语从句中的省略：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词含有be时，或状语从句为there be结构时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为:1).连词as/as if/once+名词Once( he was) a teacher ,he now works in a

30、government .2)连词though/whether/when+形容词Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret .3).连词whether /as if /while+介词短语He looks everywhere as if (he was) looking for something.状语从句中的省略：4)连词when/while/though+现在分词While (I was )walking in the street, I heard my name called .5).连词when/if/even if/unle

31、ss/once/until/than/as+过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.6).连词as if/as though +不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.当状语从句的主语为it ,谓语动词含有be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为:连词if/unless/when/whenever+形容词Unless( it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.4)连词wh

32、en/while/though+现在分词7)if+ so/not省略句式， so/not 代替上文内容Get up early tomorrow morning, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the bus. 练习：补充省略部分1) When in trouble , I always turn to her for help. 2) Errors , if any, should be corrected. 3）He seldom goes to the cinema, if ever. I amthere is he has

33、ever been7)if+ so/not省略句式， so/not 代替上文内4) Wood gives much smoke while burning. 5) The letter is to be left here until called for . 6) Henry stopped walking as if to wait for her 7) You must eat it when fresh. wood isit ishe wasit is4) Wood gives much smoke while2、 比较状语从句的省略 1) 以as, than 引导的比较状语从句可以全

34、部或部分省去。 如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as hard as you (study). 2）在the + 比较级. , the +比较级 的句型中, 当谓语是be 动词时 , 而且主语非代词时, 常省略动词be. The older you are , the poorer your memory. （memory will be ） The more I can do , the better （bet

35、ter it will be） 2、 比较状语从句的省略3. 以as soon as 引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时,可用on/upon doing 形式简化状语从句, 此时的动词为瞬间动词. As soon as he arrived at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. On /Upon arriving at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. 3. 以as soon as 引导的

36、状语从句的主语和主句主语4. 定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词. 如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was) built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.4. 定语从句中的省略2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that, which, whom可以省略;在the same.

37、 as和such. as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是 direction(方向) , way(方式) , distance(距离) , time(时间) , times(倍数) 等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which 如: 2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that, whic如：He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to

38、 your mother. The direction (in which ) we move a body (物体) can be changed. The distance (that/ which ) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers. 如：He is one of the man (whom) 5.虚拟语气中的省略 If Thomas Edison had stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . Had Thomas Edison stored his m

39、oney , he would have died a wealthy man . 注: 虚拟语气的 if条件句中省略if把 had(助动词), should , were 提前.It was suggested that the meeting be put off until the next week .注: 在表建议,命令,劝告等词后所接虚拟语气的should +动词原形中的 should 常省略.5.虚拟语气中的省略五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介词 have difficulty (in) doing sth spend some time / money (in) doin

40、g sth be busy (in) doing sth waste some time (in) doing sth have a hard time (in) doing sth There is no use (in) doing sth五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介词六. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中 例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had t

41、ime to write diary Notes: Opera OK, costumes great六. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中Lets practice.1. He was a swimmer when _. A. to be a child B. a child C. being a child D. as a child.2. When _ , he worked very hard all his life. A. was young B. be young C. being young D. youngWhile _, I paid a visit to the Su

42、mmer Palace. A. was in Beijing B. to be in Beijing C. be in Beijing D. in Beijinghe was a child.he was youngI was in BeijingBDDLets practice.1. He was a swLets practice.4. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? Dont speak until _. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. sp

43、eaking to5. The exhibition is more interesting than _. A.expected B. expect C. expecting D. to expect 6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET2003) A. seeingB. having C. to have seen D. to seeyou are spoken toit was expected.he was

44、 to seeBADLets practice.4. I hate talkLets practice.7.I wonder why you didnt do it as _. Its the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told8.Once _ during the examination, you will be punished. A. caught cheat B. catching to cheat C. catch cheating D. caught cheating9

45、.Ask him to take you home if _. A.is possibleB. to be possible C.possible. D. being possible 10._ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. I could have received you were told toyou are caught cheatingit is possibleIf I had receive

46、dADCCLets practice.7.I wonder why Lets practice 2.1.Why did you take a taxi? I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C. had to D. had to do2.He is not _his sister,but _ _. A.taller than；stronger B. so tall as；strong C. taller than；is stronger D. as tall as; stronger3. Im going to dig it up. What _

47、? A. withB. byC. at D. from4. Have you been here long? _. A. No，not very B. Not much C. Yes，only little D. No, only yesterdayhad to take a taxi taller than he is stronger than his sisterare you going to dig it up withNo, I have not been here very longCAAALets practice 2.1.Why did yoLets practice.5.

48、What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle_. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing6. Dont forget to come to my birthday party. _. A.I dont B.I wont C.I dont forget D.I wont forget7. Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning. _. Ill be as early as a bird. A. OK.I will B.

49、 Im afraid I can C. Of course not D. No，I willLosing made her so upsetI wont forget to come to your birthday partyOK. I will get up earlier tomorrow morningCBALets practice.5. What do youLets practice.8.Whats the matter with you? I didnt pass the test，but I still _ _. A. hope soB. hope to C. hope it

50、D. hope that9.I am happy if you _. A. happyB. are C. willD. be10.Are you a film star? _.A.Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D.Im used to hope to pass the testare happyI used to be a film starBBBLets practice.8.Whats the mLets practice. 1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable

51、 moment，_ I will always treasure.(MNE2002) A.that B. one C. it D. what 2.You have three children，but I have only two _. A. one B. ones C./ D. child3. Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? Give me _ , please. A. it B. the same C. that D. soa momentchildrenthe same black coffeeBCBLets p

52、ractice. 1.Meeting my uLets practice4 I say it is your turn to be on duty today. _? A. MineB.I C. Myself D. Me5. Can you climb that tree，my boy? _? A.I B. Mine C. MyselfD. Me6. Why didnt you do your homework yesterday? But _，sir. A.I did soB.I didnt do it C.I didnt forget D.I did do itI often think

53、of my childhood, during _ I lived on my uncles farm. A. which B. whenC. whereD. whoIs it my turn to be on duty todayCan I climb that treeI did do my homework(my childhood)ADDALets practice4 I say it is yLets practice.8. May I help you with some shoes，sir? Yes，Id like to try on those white _. A. one

54、B. onesC. twoD. pair9. Whats the difference between the first house and the second? The first one has a garage while the second has _. A. nothing B. none C. no oneD. neither10. Canada has a large area than _ China. A. that ofB. the one of C. it of D./shoes/pairsno garagethe area ofBB(nobody)ALets pr

55、actice.8. May I help 一、状语从句中句子成分的省略e.g. 1. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be takenB一、状语从句中句子成分的省略e.g. 1. Generall2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. lacked lacking ofC. la

56、cking D. lacked in C2. Though _ money, his 二、动词不定式的省略 在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留to。 二、动词不定式的省略 在同一句或联系紧密的对话里1. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing itB1. - You should have thanked2. T

57、he boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A . not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to A2. The boy wanted to ride his 三、虚拟条件句中连词if的省略 在虚拟条件句中，如含有had, were, should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。 e.g. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would have never b

58、ought one.三、虚拟条件句中连词if的省略 在虚拟条件句中，如含有hadWhat would have happened _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherCWhat would have happened _- Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- _. A. I dont believe

59、B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not D四、宾语从句的省略在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，后一句常常省略内容相同的宾语从句或从句的一部分。 - Do you think its going to五、主、谓、宾等成分的省略在英语情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。 1. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost

60、 C. Losing D. Because of losingC五、主、谓、宾等成分的省略在英语情景会话中，答语常常省略不会2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_. A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white3. - Would you like some wine? - Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewCC2. O