专业英语作业和答案

1、 3/3专业英语作业和答案 一、 请将下列英文句子翻译成汉语 （1）The recrystallized grain size at the instant of recrystallization is inversely proportional to the degree of deformation . 再结晶瞬间的再结晶的晶粒度大小和变形程度成反比。 （2）A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain , and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transf

2、erring motion and/or force form a source to an output . 机构或连杆是一个约束运动链，并且是一个机械装置，这个装置可以把输入端的运动或是力传输到输出端 （3）In the United States material removal is a big businessin excess of $36109 per year , including material , labor , overhead , and machine-tool shipments , is spent . 在美国，机加工是一个很大的市场每年的花费超过36109

3、美元，包括：原材料费用，劳务费用，管理费用，机床运输费用。 （4）The basic toolwork relationship in cutting is adequately described by means of four factors ：tool geometry , cutting speed , feed , and depth of cut . 切削加工中，基本的刀具工件的关系可以从四个方面来描述：刀具的几何外形，切削速度，吃刀量，切削深度。 （5）The basic size is that size form which limits of size are deriv

4、ed by the application of allowances and tolerances. 基本尺寸是那样的尺寸，从基本尺寸出来，靠应用公差和允差来推导出尺寸极限。 请将下列英文句子翻译成汉语 (1)Plastics have specific properties ,which may make them preferable to traditional materials for certain uses. In comparison with metals , for example ,plastics have both advantages and disadvanta

5、ges . Metals tend to be corroded by inorganic acids , such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid . Plastics tend to be resistant to these acids ,but can be dissolved or deformed by solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride ,which have the same carbon base as the plastics. Color must be applied to the

6、 surface of the metals, whereas it can be mixed in with plastics . Metals are more rigid than most plastics, while plastics are very light, with a specific gravity normally between 0.9 and 1.8. 塑料有一些特殊的性能，是塑料区别于传统材料的主要优势。相比于金属，塑料既有优势也有缺陷，金属容易被无机酸的腐蚀，如硫酸和盐酸。塑料能够很好的抵抗这些酸的腐蚀，但是可以被溶剂所溶解或引起变形，例如，溶剂四氯化碳与塑

7、料具有同样的碳基。颜色必定只能涂到金属的表面，而它可以跟塑料混合为一体。金属比大多数塑料刚性要好，而塑料则非常之轻，通常塑料密度在0.91.8之间。 (2)At present ,the difference between the robot system and the work cell system is quite clear .The robot system includes only the robot hardware , whereas the work cell system includes the robot system components plus all th

8、e additional equipment required to produce the product .As manufacturers start integrating robot automation into increasingly complex production system, the distinction between the robot system and the robot will be programmed and controlled by a computeraided design and manufacturing system (CAD/CA

9、M). In others ,the tooling on the robot arm will be changed automatically by the system , depending on the need of the production process. 目前，机器人装置与工作单元装置之间的差别是十分清楚的。机器人装置仅仅包括机器人硬件，而工作单元装置却包括机器人装置零部件和加上生产产品所需要的所有附加设备。 当制造者着手创建的集成机器人自动化转变成日益复杂的生产装置时，机器人系统和机器人之间的区别将在是否通过计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）来进行编程和控

10、制。另一方面，机器人手臂上的加工动作，根据生产工艺的需要由系统自动地改变。 翻译下列句子 1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints. 最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个销轴。 2. Although the four-bar linkage and slider-crank mechanism are very usef

11、ul and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level 虽然四杆机构和曲柄滑块机构是非常有用而且在成千上万的应用中都可找到。但是我们还看到，这些连杆机构其性能水平的发挥已经受到限制。 3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinem

12、atic analysis and synthesis process. 画运动图和确定机构自由度的过程，就是运动分析和综合过程的第一个阶段。 4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician. 设想相对运动的能力，能推想出之所以这样设计一个机构的原因和对一个具体设计进行改进

13、的能力是一个成功的机构学家的标志。 5. Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms. 这个过程的动态反演是固定的,不同的连接创造出不同的机制。 翻译下列短文 1. A kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a

14、 manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is a